Anti-mutagenic Properties of Mono- and Dienoic Acid Biohydrogenation Products from Beef Fat
AbstractUnsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation products from beef fat and pure fatty acids were subjected to the AmesSalmonella mutagenicity testing, including monounsaturated fatty acids [MUFA: oleic acid, vaccenic acid, elaidic acid; beef fatty acid fractions rich intrans (t)11/t13-t14-18:1 (t11,13,14-Frac),t10-18:1 (t10-Frac)] and dienoic fatty acids [linoleic acid, conjugated linoleic isomerscis (c)9,t11-18:2 andt10,c12-18:2, and a mixed beef dienoic fatty acid fraction high inc9,t13-/t8,c12/t11c15-18:2 (MD)]. Significantly higher anti-mutagenic effects of oleic acid, vaccenic acid,t11, 13, 14-Frac, andt10-Frac agains...
Source: Lipids - June 17, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
An Ethical Dilemma: To Share or Not To Share Your Paper Published in Lipids Using an On-Line Outlet
(Source: Lipids)
Source: Lipids - June 12, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Suksdorfin Promotes Adipocyte Differentiation and Improves Abnormalities in Glucose Metabolism via PPAR γ Activation
AbstractAlthough theApiaceae herb family has been traditionally used for the management of type 2 diabetes, its molecular mechanism has not been clarified. Coumarin derivatives, which are abundant in plants of theApiaceae family, were evaluated for their effects on adipogenesis. We found that suksdorfin significantly promoted adipocyte differentiation and enhanced production of adiponectin, an anti-diabetic adipokine. We also demonstrated that suksdorfin activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ), a master regulator of adipogenesis. Furthermore, we showed metabolic disorders in obese diabetic KK-A...
Source: Lipids - June 10, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Phospholipids of New Zealand Edible Brown Algae
AbstractEdible brown algae have attracted interest as a source of beneficial allenic carotenoid fucoxanthin, and glyco- and phospholipids enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Unlike green algae, brown algae contain no or little phosphatidylserine, possessing an unusual aminophospholipid, phosphatidyl-O-[N-(2-hydroxyethyl) glycine], PHEG, instead. When our routinely used technique of31P-NMR analysis of phospholipids was applied to the samples of edible New Zealand brown algae, a number of signals corresponding to unidentified phosphorus-containing compounds were observed in total lipids. NI (negative ion) ESI QToF MS sp...
Source: Lipids - June 3, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Identification and Characterization of a Novel Thermophilic, Organic Solvent Stable Lipase of Bacillus from a Hot Spring
AbstractA novel lipase genelip256 was cloned and identified from the genomic library of hot spring strainBacillus sp. HT19. The deduced amino acid sequence oflip256 has less than 32% identity to a predicted esterase (Cog1752) fromPhotobacterium leiognathi lrivu.4.1 and contains a novel motif (GTSAG) that differs from other clusters in the lipase superfamily. Following purification, a single band was obtained with a molecular mass of 33 kDa by SDS-PAGE, and the optimal temperature and pH for lipolytic activity of Lip25 were 70 °C and 9.0, respectively. Lip256 exhibited high activity at high temperatures, with 40% maximu...
Source: Lipids - June 3, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Oral Administration of Ethanolamine Glycerophospholipid Containing a High Level of Plasmalogen Improves Memory Impairment in Amyloid β-Infused Rats
AbstractEthanolamine plasmalogen (PlsEtn), a major phospholipid in neuronal membranes [60 –90 mol% of ethanolamine glycerophospholipid (EtnGpl)], is specifically decreased in brains from patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The present study investigated how PlsEtn administration affects cognitive deficits and lipid composition in an animal model of AD. AD model rats were infused with amyloid-β (Aβ) into the cerebral ventricle and divided into three groups. Control, Egg, and Ascidian groups were then orally administered vehicle, egg yolk EtnGpl (260 μmol as EtnGpl/kg BW/day; 10 μmol as PlsEtn/kg BW/day), or a...
Source: Lipids - May 27, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Sequential Feeding of Lipid Supplement Enriches Beef Adipose Tissues with 18:3n-3 Biohydrogenation Intermediates
AbstractThe present study was designed to determine if feeding steers extruded flaxseed and hay (25 and 75%; DM basis) together as a total mixed ration (TMR), or sequentially (non-TMR) would result in different enrichments of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their biohydrogenation intermediates (BHI) in beef adipose tissues [subcutaneous (SC)vs perirenal (PR) fat]. Forty-eight Angus cross steers (325 ± 16 kg) were stratified by weight to six pens, and pens were randomized to either TMR or non-TMR and fedad libitum for an average of 242 days. The concentrations of α-linolenic acid increased by 18 mol% in both...
Source: Lipids - May 25, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Lipid Droplets: Formation to Breakdown
AbstractOne of the most exciting areas of cell biology during the last decade has been the study of lipid droplets. Lipid droplets allow cells to store non-polar molecules such as neutral lipids in specific compartments where they are sequestered from the aqueous environment of the cell yet can be accessed through regulated mechanisms. These structures are highly conserved, appearing in organisms throughout the phylogenetic tree. Until somewhat recently, lipid droplets were widely regarded as inert, however progress in the field has continued to demonstrate their vast roles in a number of cellular processes in both mitotic...
Source: Lipids - May 20, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Hydrolysis of Phosphatidylcholine-Isoprostanes (PtdCho-IP) by Peripheral Human Group IIA, V and X Secretory Phospholipases A 2 (sPLA 2 )
This report provides the first demonstration that PtdCho-IP are readily hydrolyzed by group IIA, V and X sPLA2. A co-location of sPLA2 and the substrates in various tissues has been recorded. Thus, the initiation of interaction and production of isoprostanesin situ are highly probable. (Source: Lipids)
Source: Lipids - May 20, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
2-Methoxylated FA Display Unusual Antibacterial Activity Towards Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CIMRSA) and Escherichia coli
AbstractThe naturally occurring (6Z)-( ±)-2-methoxy-6-hexadecenoic acid (1) and (6Z)-( ±)-2-methoxy-6-octadecenoic acid (2) were synthesized in 7 –8 steps with 38 and 13% overall yields, respectively, by using an acetylide coupling approach, which made it possible to obtain a 100%cis-stereochemistry for the double bonds. In a similar fashion, the acetylenic analogs ( ±)-2-methoxy-6-hexadecynoic acid (3) and ( ±)-2-methoxy-6-octadecynoic acid (4) were also synthesized in 6 –7 steps with 48 and 16% overall yields, respectively. The antibacterial activity of acids1–4 was determined against clinical isolates of methi...
Source: Lipids - May 18, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Fatty Acids Have Different Adipogenic Differentiation Potentials in Stromal Vascular Cells Isolated from Abdominal Fat in Laying Hens
In conclusion, these result s showed that FA have different potentials to induce adipogenesis, LNA is the most potent among the tested FA, and these potentials can be improved in the presence of CS. (Source: Lipids)
Source: Lipids - May 18, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Dietary PUFA Increase Apoptosis in Stomach of Patients with Dyspeptic Symptoms and Infected with H. pylori
This study was a double-blind clinical trial in which 34H. pylori infected subjects with dyspeptic symptoms were randomly divided into two groups of 17 patients. The control group received standard triple therapy (amoxicillin, clarithromycin and omeprazole) and the experimental group received the standard therapy and PUFA for two weeks. Gene expression levels of caspase-3, BCL-2 and Bad proteins were studied with real-time PCR, while protein levels were quantified in frozen sections and using immunohistochemistry. Compared with the control group, a significant increase (p < 0.01) was observed in the expression of cas...
Source: Lipids - May 10, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Cells Secrete Factors that Stimulate Cellular LDL Uptake via Autocrine and Paracrine Mechanisms
AbstractLeukemic cells isolated from most patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) have higher low density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake than normal mononuclear blood cells. Little is known, however, about the mechanism behind the elevated LDL uptake. We investigated if AML cells secrete factors that stimulate cellular LDL uptake. Mononuclear blood cells were isolated from peripheral blood from 42 patients with AML at diagnosis. Cellular LDL uptake was determined from the degradation rate of125I-labelled LDL. Conditioned media from AML cells stimulated the LDL degradation in the leukemic cell lines KG1 and HL60, and in is...
Source: Lipids - May 9, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Pectin Penta-Oligogalacturonide Suppresses Intestinal Bile Acids Absorption and Downregulates the FXR-FGF15 Axis in High-Cholesterol Fed Mice
This study aims to investigate the effects of HPPS on BA reabsorption in ileum and biosynthesis in liver of mice. Results showed that HPPS increased fecal BA output by approximately 110%, but decreased ileal BA and the total BA pool size by approximately 47 and 36%, respectively, compared to HCD. Studies of molecular mechanism revealed that HPPS significantly decreased the mRNA and protein levels of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in the small intestine of mice and inactivated the fibroblast growth factor 15 (FXR-FGF15) axis, which increased the mRNA and protein levels of CYP7A1 by approximately 204 and 104%, respectively, comp...
Source: Lipids - May 4, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Inhibition of Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis by Atorvastatin in Adiponectin Knockout Mice
Abstract
Adiponectin is a polypeptide known to inhibit cardiac fibrosis via the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Statins can also activate AMPK, resulting in the secretion of adiponectin. We determined whether atorvastatin inhibits angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis (AICF) in the presence or absence of adiponectin. Adiponectin knockout (APN-KO,n = 44) and wild type (WT,n = 44) mice were received subcutaneous angiotensin II (1.5 mg/kg/day), and atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 15 days. The mRNA expression levels of collagen type I and III, as wel...
Source: Lipids - May 4, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
