Lipid Metabolism is Closely Associated with Normal Testicular Growth Based on Global Transcriptome Profiles in Normal and Underdeveloped Testis of Obese Zucker ( fa/fa ) Rats
This study was conducted to examine global testicular transcriptome profile in underdeveloped testes relative to developed ones using Rat Gene 2.0 ST Array (Affymetr ix, USA). Testes were obtained from 14-week-old, sexually mature male obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats. Out of the 1790 transcripts differentially expressed, 1108 and 682 were over-expressed in the underdeveloped and normal testis, respectively (fold change ≥ 2 andP < 0.05). The ingenuity pathway analysis indicated that transcripts that were under-expressed in the underdeveloped testis, relative to the normal testes, are involved in triacylglycerol biosynt...
Source: Lipids - September 30, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Total Long-Chain n-3 Fatty Acid Intake and Food Sources in the United States Compared to Recommended Intakes: NHANES 2003 –2008
AbstractThe American Heart Association recommends consuming fish (particularly oily fish) at least two times per week, which would provide ≈ 0.5 g/day of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for cardiovascular disease risk reduction. Previous analyses indicate that this recommendation is not being met; however, few studies have assessed different ethnicities, subpopulations requiring additional n-3 fatty acid intake (i.e., children and pregnant and/or lactating women), or deciles of intake. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2008 was used to assess n-3 fatty acid...
Source: Lipids - September 27, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Total Synthesis and Structural Elucidation of Two Unusual Non-Methylene-Interrupted Fatty Acids in Ovaries of the Limpet Cellana toreuma
AbstractIn our previous study, unusual odd-numbered dienoic acids with a terminal olefin were found as minor components in ovaries of the Japanese limpetCellana toreuma, and the synthetic interests have been focused onto their structural confirmation and the inspection into their potential biological activity. Here, we describe an efficient and stereoselective total synthesis of two new unusual dienoic acids, 19:2 ∆7,18 and 21:2∆7,20, through a common pathway involving the strategic combination of alkyne-zipper reaction and Lindlar hydrogenation for the construction of their unique carbon chains. In our synthetic study...
Source: Lipids - September 27, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Berberine Inhibits Oxygen Consumption Rate Independent of Alteration in Cardiolipin Levels in H9c2 Cells
We examined if BBR inhibited oxygen consumption rate in H9c2 cardiac myocytes through alteration in Ptd2Gro metabolism. Treatment of H9c2 cells with BBR resulted in a rapid (within minutes) concentration-dependent decrease in the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) as determined using a Seahorse XF24 analyzer. Concentrations of BBR as low as 1 µM were effective in inhibiting OCR. In addition, all concentrations of BBR inhibited the fatty acid-mediated increase in OCR that was observed in untreated cells. Treatment of H9c2 cells with up to 25 µM BBR for 24 h markedly reduced [3H]thymidine incorporation into cells but did no...
Source: Lipids - September 23, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Hyperuricemia is Associated with Increased Apo AI Fractional Catabolic Rates and Dysfunctional HDL in New Zealand Rabbits
In conclusion, hyperuricemia is associated with structural and metabolic modifications of HDL that result in impaired fu nctionality of these lipoproteins. Our data strongly suggest that uric acidper se exerts deleterious effects on HDL that contribute to increase the risk of atherosclerosis. (Source: Lipids)
Source: Lipids - September 22, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
miR-17-5p Regulates Differential Expression of NCOA3 in Pig Intramuscular and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue
AbstractFat distribution affects economic value in pork production. Intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) improves meat quality, whereas subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) is usually regarded as waste. In the present study, we analyzed IMAT/SCAT (I/S) ratios in each pig. Individuals selected from a population of 1200 Suhuai pigs were divided into two cohorts; those with high I/S ratios and those with low I/S ratios, and correlations between nuclear Receptor Co-activator 3 (NCOA3), a critical gene involved in regulating fat accumulation, and fat distribution were investigated. The ratio of IMAT NCOA3 to SCAT NCOA3 expression ...
Source: Lipids - September 18, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Flaxseed Oil Supplementation Improve Gene Expression Levels of PPAR- γ, LP(a), IL-1 and TNF-α in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
This study was carried out to determine the effects of flaxseed oil administration on gene expression levels related to insulin, lipid and inflammation in overweight diabetic patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 60 diabetic patients with CHD. Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups to intake either 1000 mg n-3 fatty acid from flaxseed oil containing 400 mg α-Linolenic acid [ALA (18:3n-3)] (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) twice a day for 12 weeks. Gene expression related to insulin, lipid and inflammation were quantified in perip...
Source: Lipids - September 15, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Identification and Characterization of Phospholipids with Very Long Chain Fatty Acids in Brewer ’s Yeast
AbstractYeast lipids and fatty acids (FA) were analyzed inSaccharomyces pastorianus from seven breweries and in the dietary yeast supplement Pangamin. GC –MS identified more than 30 FA, half of which were very-long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) with hydrocarbon chain lengths of ≥22 C atoms. Positional isomers ω-9 and ω-7 were identified in FA with C18–C28 even-numbered alkyl chains. The most abundant ω-7 isomer wascis-vaccenic acid. The structure of monounsaturated FA was proved by dimethyl disulfide adducts (position of double bonds andcis geometric configuration) and by GC –MS of pyridyl carbinol esters. Ultra-hig...
Source: Lipids - September 13, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Dietary Fatty Acid Composition Modulates Obesity and Interacts with Obesity-Related Genes
AbstractThe prevalence of obesity is skyrocketing worldwide. The scientific evidence has associated obesity risk with many independent factors including the quality of dietary fat and genetics. Dietary fat exists as the main focus of dietary guidelines targeting obesity reduction. To prevent/minimize the adipogenic effect of dietary fatty acids (FA), intakes of long-chain saturated- andtrans-FA should be reduced and substituted with unsaturated FA. The optimal proportions of dietary unsaturated FA are yet to be defined, along with a particular emphasis on the need to achieve a balanced ratio of n-3:n-6 polyunsaturated FA a...
Source: Lipids - September 9, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Determination of Fecal Sterols Following a Diet with and without Plant Sterols
AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop a method for neutral fecal sterols determination in subjects receiving a normal diet with or without a plant sterols-enriched beverage using gas chromatography –mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Sample preparation conditions (homogenization of lyophilized feces with water) were evaluated. Sterol determination required direct hot saponification, unsaponifiable extraction with hexane, and the formation of trimethylsilyl (TMS) ether derivatives. The method allows the quantification of cholesterol, plant sterols and their metabolites (coprostanol, coprostanone, cholestanol, cholestanone,...
Source: Lipids - September 6, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Interplay Between n-3 and n-6 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and the Endocannabinoid System in Brain Protection and Repair
AbstractThe brain is enriched in arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) of the n-6 and n-3 series, respectively. Both are essential for optimal brain development and function. Dietary enrichment with DHA and other long-chain n-3 PUFA, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), has shown beneficial effects on learning and memory, neuroinflammatory processes, and synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. ARA, DHA and EPA are precursors to a diverse repertoire of bioactive lipid mediators, including endocannabinoids. The endocannabinoid system comprises cannabinoid recept...
Source: Lipids - September 5, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Fish Oil Finishing Diet Maintains Optimal n-3 Long-Chain Fatty Acid Content in European Whitefish ( Coregonus lavaretus )
This study examined the effect of substituting vegetable oil for fish oil in feed, with subsequent re-introduction of fish oil-rich feed (finishing feeding) in late stages of growth, on the fatty acids of cultivated European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus). Restorative finishing feeding with fish oil-rich feed for 15 and 25 weeks was sufficient to change the total content of nutritionally valuable long-chain n-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3), to correspond to that of fish fed the fish oil-rich feed throughout their lifespan. Under natural conditions, 15 and 25 weeks corr...
Source: Lipids - August 31, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Elongation of very Long-Chain ( & gt;C 24 ) Fatty Acids in Clarias gariepinus : Cloning, Functional Characterization and Tissue Expression of elovl4 Elongases
AbstractElongation of very long-chain fatty acid 4 (Elovl4) proteins participate in the biosynthesis of very long-chain (>C24) saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA). Previous studies have shown that fish possess two different forms of Elovl4, termed Elovl4a and Elovl4b. The present study aimed to characterize both molecularly and functionally twoelovl4 cDNA from the African catfishClarias gariepinus. The results confirmed thatC. gariepinus possessed twoelovl4-like elongases with high homology to two previously characterized Elovl4 fromDanio rerio, and thus they were termed accordingly as Elovl4a and Elovl4b. Th...
Source: Lipids - August 30, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Erratum to: Assessment of the Validity and Reproducibility of a Novel Standardized Test Meal for the Study of Postprandial Triacylglycerol Concentrations
(Source: Lipids)
Source: Lipids - August 29, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Nutrient Restriction Increases Circulating and Hepatic Ceramide in Dairy Cows Displaying Impaired Insulin Tolerance
In conclusion, our results suggest that ceramide accrual represents a metabolic adaptation to nutrient restriction and impaired insulin action in dairy cows. (Source: Lipids)
Source: Lipids - August 23, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
