Experimental hyperlipidemia induces insulin resistance in sheep
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of intravenous infusion of a soybean based lipid emulsion on some blood energy-related metabolites and insulin sensitivity indexes in sheep. Four clinically healthy ewes were assigned into a 2-treatment, 2-period cross-over design. Either normal saline (NS) or lipid emulsion (LE), were intravenously introduced at a rate of 0.025 mL·kg-1·min-1 for 6 h. The concentrations of blood non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, urea, creatinine, cortisol, glucose and insulin were measured at different time-points. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - June 29, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: H. Akbari, B. Dalir-Naghadeh, S. Asri-Rezaei, M. Hadian, R.C. Boston Source Type: research
Characterization of the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 in cats
The hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2) belongs to a family of nutrient-sensing receptors that bind β-hydroxybutyrate, an alternative fuel source produced during a negative energy balance. The HCA2 receptor has not been identified or characterized in cats. Therefore, the following were the objectives of this study: (1) identify the feline HCA2 receptor protein sequence and compare against known human and rodent sequences, (2) determine tissue distribution and relative expression in lean, healthy cats, and (3) demonstrate in vitro functionality in feline adipose tissue. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - June 15, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: E.C. Graff, O.C. Norris, M. Sandey, R.J. Kemppainen, R.L. Judd Source Type: research
Characterization of the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA) in cats
The hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2) belongs to a family of nutrient sensing receptors that binds beta-hydroxybutyrate, an alternative fuel source produced during a negative energy balance. The HCA2 receptor has not been identified or characterized in cats. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to 1) identify the feline HCA2 receptor protein sequence and compare against known human and rodent sequences, 2) determine tissue distribution and relative expression in lean, healthy cats, and 3) demonstrate in vitro functionality in feline adipose tissue. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - June 15, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: E.C. Graff, O.C. Norris, M. Sandey, R.J. Kemppainen, R.L. Judd Source Type: research
Twenty-four-hour profiles of metabolic and stress hormones in sheep selected for a calm or nervous temperament
Even in the absence of stressors, temperament is associated with changes in the concentration of stress-responsive hormones and, possibly because of such changes, temperament can affect metabolism. We tested whether, in sheep bred for temperament for 14 generations, “nervous” females have greater concentrations of stress-responsive hormones in the absence of stressors than “calm” females, and whether these differences are associated with changes in the concentrations of metabolic hormones. In resting “calm” (n = 8) and “nervous” (n = 8) sheep, concentrations of cortisol, prolactin, leptin, and insulin were ...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - June 8, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: S.E. Rietema, M.A. Blackberry, S.K. Maloney, G.B. Martin, P.A.R. Hawken, D. Blache Source Type: research
Duration of fasting but not diurnal variation affects the response to glucagon in healthy cats
The role of glucagon disturbances in diabetes is increasingly recognized. Glucagon stimulation tests (GST) have been described in cats previously but information is lacking on the response of cats to glucagon under specific conditions. The aim of this study was to assess a novel protocol for GST using human-recombinant glucagon and the effect of diurnal variation and duration of fasting using this protocol in healthy cats. All intravenous doses resulted in occasional vomiting and nausea and eventually a 20 μg/kg IM dose was chosen. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - June 8, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: C. Gilor, R. Glock, S. Gilor Source Type: research
Twenty four-hour profiles of metabolic and stress hormones in sheep selected for a calm or nervous temperament
Even in the absence of stressors, temperament is associated with changes in the concentration of stress-responsive hormones and, possibly because of such changes, temperament can affect metabolism. We tested whether, in sheep bred for temperament for 14 generations, ‘nervous’ females have greater concentrations of stress-responsive hormones in the absence of stressors than ‘calm’ females, and whether these differences are associated with changes in the concentrations of metabolic hormones. In resting ‘calm’ (n = 8) and ‘nervous’ (n = 8) sheep, concentrations of cortisol, prolactin, leptin and insulin were m...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - June 8, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: S.E. Rietema, M.A. Blackberry, S.K. Maloney, G.B. Martin, P.A.R. Hawken, D. Blache Source Type: research
Interleukin-6 inhibits adrenal androgen release from bovine adrenal zona reticularis cells by inhibiting the expression of steroidogenic proteins
In this study, the effects of IL-6 on adrenal androgen release were investigated. The zona reticularis (ZR) was generally isolated from bovine adrenal glands by dissection. In select experiments, the intact adrenal cortex (i.e. all three adrenocortical zones) was dissected from the adrenal glands. For androgen release experiments, ZR and intact adrenocortical cubes were dispersed into isolated cells, the cells cultured and exposed to IL-6 and/or adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), and androgen release determined by radioimmunoassay. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - June 8, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: S. McIlmoil, G.B. Call, M. Barney, J. Stickland, A.M. Judd Source Type: research
Placental development during early pregnancy in sheep: estrogen and progesterone receptor messenger RNA expression in pregnancies derived from in vivo–produced and in vitro–produced embryos
Sex steroids are important regulators of angiogenesis and growth in reproductive tissues, including the placenta. In experiment (exp.) 1, to examine the expression of a suite of sex steroid receptors throughout early pregnancy, maternal (caruncular [CAR]) and fetal (fetal membranes [FMs]) placental tissues were collected on days 14 to 30 after mating and on day 10 after estrus (nonpregnant controls). In exp. 2, to examine the hypothesis that assisted reproductive technology would affect the expression of the same suite of sex steroid receptors, pregnancies were achieved through natural mating (NAT) or transfer of embryos f...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - June 4, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: L.P. Reynolds, J.S. Haring, M.L. Johnson, R.L. Ashley, D.A. Redmer, P.P. Borowicz, A.T. Grazul-Bilska Source Type: research
Placental development during early pregnancy in sheep: Estrogen and progesterone receptor mRNA expression in pregnancies derived from in vivo and in vitro produced embryos
Sex steroids are important regulators of angiogenesis and growth in reproductive tissues, including the placenta. In Exp. 1, to examine expression of a suite of sex steroid receptors throughout early pregnancy, maternal (caruncular, CAR) and fetal (fetal membranes, FM) placental tissues were collected on days 14-30 after mating and on day 10 after estrus (nonpregnant [NP] controls). In Exp. 2, to examine the hypothesis that assisted reproductive technology (ART) would affect the expression of the same suite of sex steroid receptors, pregnancies were achieved through natural mating (NAT), or transfer of embryos from natural...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - June 4, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: L.P. Reynolds, J.S. Haring, M.L. Johnson, R.L. Ashley, D.A. Redmer, P.P. Borowicz, A.T. Grazul-Bilska Source Type: research
ACTH administration during formation of preovulatory follicles impairs steroidogenesis and angiogenesis in association with ovulation failure in lactating cows
Ovulation failure, follicular persistence and formation of follicular cysts are known to impair dairy cow fertility. While the underlying mechanism is not entirely clear, stress-induced alteration in adrenal hormone secretion can cause these ovarian pathologies. Six synchronized lactating cows were scanned daily by ultrasound and plasma samples were taken throughout the estrous cycle. Treatment cows (n = 3) were administered with ACTH analog every 12 h from day 15 to day 21 of the cycle to induce formation of follicular cysts. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - May 26, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: D. Biran, R. Braw-Tal, M. Gendelman, Y. Lavon, Z. Roth Source Type: research
Relationship of adiponectin and its multimers to metabolic indices in cats during weight change
This study uses a novel method of size exclusion gel chromatography combined with ELISA to measure HMW feline adiponectin and determine its relationship to leptin, cholesterol, and insulin sensitivity as cats gain and lose weight. In addition, total adiponectin and its mRNA expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue was measured. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - May 14, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: A.L. Witzel, C.A. Kirk, S.A. Kania, J.W. Bartges, R.C. Boston, T. Moyers, H. Byrd, S. Lauten Source Type: research
Salsolinol: a potential modulator of the activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in nursing and postweaning sheep
The most well-known physiological action of salsolinol (1-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline) is the stimulation of prolactin secretion, especially during lactation. In addition, our recent work demonstrated that salsolinol inhibits the stress-induced activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in lactating sheep. Here, we investigated whether salsolinol regulates the basal activity of the HPA axis in lactating sheep and whether its inhibitory action on the stress-induced activity of the HPA axis is present during the postweaning period. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - May 1, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: M. Hasiec, A.P. Herman, T. Misztal Source Type: research
Relative prolactin-to-progesterone concentrations around farrowing influence colostrum yield in primiparous sows
In swine, colostrum production is induced by the drop of progesterone (P4) concentrations which leads to the prepartum peak of prolactin (PRL). PRL regulates mammary cell turnover and stimulates lacteal nutrient synthesis. P4 inhibits PRL secretion and downregulates the PRL receptor in the mammary gland. The aim of the present study was to determine if the relative prepartum concentrations of P4 and PRL (PRL/P4 ratio) influence sow colostrum production. The performance of 29 Landrace × Large White primiparous sows was analyzed. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - May 1, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: F. Loisel, C. Farmer, H. van Hees, H. Quesnel Source Type: research
Salsolinol – a potential modulator of the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in nursing and post-weaning sheep
The most well-known physiological action of salsolinol (1-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline) is the stimulation of prolactin secretion, especially during lactation. Additionally, our recent work demonstrated that salsolinol inhibits the stress-induced activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in lactating sheep. Here we investigated whether salsolinol regulates the basal activity of the HPA axis in lactating sheep and whether its inhibitory action on the stress-induced activity of the HPA axis is present during the post-weaning period. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - May 1, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: M. Hasiec, A.P. Herman, T. Misztal Source Type: research
Relative prolactin to progesterone concentrations around farrowing influence colostrum yield in primiparous sows
In swine, colostrum production is induced by the drop of progesterone (P4) concentrations which leads to the prepartum peak of prolactin (PRL). Prolactin regulates mammary cell turnover and stimulates lacteal nutrient synthesis. Progesterone inhibits prolactin secretion and down-regulates the prolactin receptor in the mammary gland. The aim of the present study was to determine if the relative prepartum concentrations of progesterone and prolactin (PRL/P4 ratio) influence sow colostrum production. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - May 1, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: F. Loisel, C. Farmer, H. van Hees, H. Quesnel Source Type: research
