Oxyntomodulin analog and exendin-4 derivative lower plasma glucose in cattle
The present study was undertaken with the aim of examining whether and how exendin-4 (1-3) fragment, i.e., Ex-4 (1-3) fragment, contributes to the regulation of glucose. An analog of oxyntomodulin (OXM) ([Gly2, Glu3]-OXM), a glucagon analog ([Gly2, Glu3]-glucagon) and two derivatives of Ex-4 (glucandin and [Gly2, Glu3]-glucandin) were synthesized by substituting with Gly2, Glu3 at the N terminuses of OXM and glucagon and/or by attaching Ex-4 (30-39) amide at the C terminus of glucagon. Effects of these peptides on plasma insulin and glucose concentrations were investigated in cattle by conducting three in vivo experiments....
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - November 1, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: S. ThanThan, Y. Asada, T. Saito, K. Ochiiwa, H. Zhao, S.W. Naing, H. Kuwayama Source Type: research
Glucocorticoid metabolism in equine follicles and oocytes
The objective of this study was to determine whether: (1) systemic and intrafollicular cortisol concentrations in horses are directly related and (2) supraphysiologic levels of glucocorticoids affect in vitro maturation (IVM) rates of oocytes. Specifically, we studied the (1) changes in the intrafollicular cortisol and progesterone in context with granulosa cell gene expression during maturation of equine follicles (from 5 to 9, 10 to 14, 15 to 19, 20 to 24 and ≥ 25 mm in diameter) and (2) effects of cortisol supplementation on IVM rates and gene expression of equine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - October 27, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: D. Scarlet, N. Ille, R. Ertl, B.G. Alves, G.D.A. Gastal, S.O. Paiva, M.O. Gastal, E.L. Gastal, C. Aurich Source Type: research
Timing and duration of nursing from birth affect neonatal porcine uterine matrix metalloproteinase 9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1
Nursing for 2 d from birth supports neonatal porcine uterine and cervical development. However, it is not clear how timing or duration of lactocrine signaling from birth (postnatal day = PND 0) affect development of neonatal female reproductive tract (FRT) tissues. Therefore, studies were conducted to determine effects of age at first nursing and duration of nursing from birth on specific elements of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) system in uterine and cervical tissues at PND 2. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - October 26, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: T.Y. Ho, K.M. Rahman, M.E. Camp, A.A. Wiley, F.F. Bartol, C.A. Bagnell Source Type: research
An intraovarian mechanism that enhances the effect of an FSH surge on recovery of subordinate follicles in heifers
The effect of the future dominant follicle (DF), corpus luteum (CL), and side (left ovary, LO; right ovary, RO) on FSH-induced recovery (increase in diameter) of regressing subordinate follicles was studied in heifers. The DF of wave 2 and the largest subordinate follicle remained intact (controls, n = 14 heifers) or were ablated (n = 14 heifers) on a mean of 13 d postovulation when the DF was ∼ 10 mm (hour 0). Concentration of FSH (P (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - October 26, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: O.J. Ginther, M.A.R. Siddiqui, J.M. Baldrighi, E.R. Araujo Source Type: research
The impact of diet and arginine supplementation on pancreatic mass, digestive enzyme activity, and insulin-containing cell cluster morphology during the estrous cycle in sheep
To determine the effect of feed intake and arginine treatment during different stages of the estrous cycle on pancreatic mass, digestive enzyme activity, and histological measurements, ewes (n = 120) were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 dietary groups; control (CON; 2.14-Mcal metabolizable energy/kg), underfed (UF; 0.6 × CON), or overfed (OF; 2 × CON) over 2 yr. Estrus was synchronized using a controlled internal drug release device for 14 d. At controlled internal drug release withdrawal, ewes from each dietary group were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments; Arg (L-Arg HCl, 155-μmol/kg BW) or Sal (approximately 10 -mL saline)...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - October 20, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: F.E. Keomanivong, A.T. Grazul-Bilska, D.A. Redmer, C.S. Bass, S.L. Kaminski, P.P. Borowicz, J.D. Kirsch, K.C. Swanson Source Type: research
The impact of diet and arginine supplementation on pancreatic mass, digestive enzyme activity and insulin-containing cell cluster morphology during the estrous cycle in sheep
To determine the effect of feed intake and arginine treatment during different stages of the estrous cycle on pancreatic mass, digestive enzyme activity, and histological measurements, ewes (n = 120) were randomly allocated to one of three dietary groups; control (CON; 2.14 Mcal metabolizable energy/kg), underfed (UF; 0.6 x CON) or overfed (OF; 2 x CON) over 2 yr. Estrus was synchronized using a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device for 14 d. At CIDR withdrawal, ewes from each dietary group were assigned to one of two treatments; Arg (L-Arg HCl, 155 μmol/kg BW) or Sal (approximately 10 mL Saline). (Source: Domest...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - October 20, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: F.E. Keomanivong, A.T. Grazul-Bilska, D.A. Redmer, C.S. Bass, S.L. Kaminski, P.P. Borowicz, J.D. Kirsch, K.C. Swanson Source Type: research
Gap junctional connexin messenger RNA expression in the ovine uterus and placenta: effects of estradiol-17 β-treatment, early pregnancy stages, and embryo origin
Gap junctions play a major role in direct, contact-dependent cell-cell communication, and they have been implicated in the regulation of cellular metabolism and the coordination of cellular functions during growth and differentiation of organs and tissues. Gap junctional channels, composed of connexin (Cx) proteins, have been detected and shown to be influenced by hormones (eg, estrogen and/or progesterone) in uterine and placental tissues in several species. We hypothesized that (1) the messenger RNA (mRNA) for Cx26, Cx32, Cx37, and Cx43 is expressed in the uterus of ovariectomized sheep treated with estradiol-17 β (E2) ...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - October 10, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: M.L. Johnson, D.A. Redmer, L.P. Reynolds, A.T. Grazul-Bilska Source Type: research
Gap junctional connexin mRNA expression in the ovine uterus and placenta: Effects of estradiol-17 β-treatment, early pregnancy stages and embryo origin
Gap junctions play a major role in direct, contact-dependent cell-cell communication, and they have been implicated in the regulation of cellular metabolism and the coordination of cellular functions during growth and differentiation of organs and tissues. Gap junctional channels, composed of connexin (Cx) proteins, have been detected and shown to be influenced by hormones (e.g. estrogen and /or progesterone) in uterine and placental tissues in several species. We hypothesized that 1) the mRNA for Cx26, Cx32, Cx37 and Cx43 is expressed in the uterus of ovariectomized sheep treated with estradiol-17 β (E2) and in ovine pla...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - October 10, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: M.L. Johnson, D.A. Redmer, L.P. Reynolds, A.T. Grazul-Bilska Source Type: research
Salsolinol —a potential inhibitor of the gonadotropic axis in sheep during lactation
This study tested the hypothesis that salsolinol, a derivative of dopamine, affects GnRH and LH secretion in lactating sheep. In the in vivo experiment, the structural analogue of salsolinol, 1-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline (1-MeDIQ), was infused into the infundibular nucleus/median eminence of sheep at the fifth wk of lactation to antagonize salsolinol's action. Simultaneously, cerebrospinal fluid from the third brain ventricle, to determine GnRH concentration, and plasma samples, to measure LH concentration, were collected. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - September 29, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: E. Marciniak, M. Hasiec, F. F ülöp, T. Misztal Source Type: research
Salsolinol – a potential inhibitor of the gonadotropic axis in sheep during lactation
This study tested the hypothesis that salsolinol, a derivative of dopamine, affects gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in lactating sheep. In the in vivo experiment, the structural analogue of salsolinol, 1-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline (1-MeDIQ), was infused into the infundibular nucleus/median eminence (IN/ME) of sheep at the 5th wk of lactation to antagonize salsolinol ’s action. Simultaneously, cerebrospinal fluid from the third brain ventricle, to determine GnRH concentration, and plasma samples, to measure LH concentration, were collected. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - September 29, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: E. Marciniak, M. Hasiec, F. F ülöp, T. Misztal Source Type: research
Role of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 in estradiol 17 β-induced alterations in protein synthesis and protein degradation rates in fused bovine satellite cell cultures
In feedlot steers, estradiol-17 β (E2) and combined E2 and trenbolone acetate (a testosterone analog) implants enhance rate and efficiency of muscle growth; and, consequently, these compounds are widely used as growth promoters in several countries. Treatment with E2 stimulates protein synthesis rate and suppresses protein degrad ation rate in fused bovine satellite cell (BSC) cultures; however, the mechanisms involved in these effects are not known with certainty. Although the genomic effects of E2 mediated through the classical estrogen receptors have been characterized, recent studies indicate that binding of E2 to the...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - September 12, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: E. Kamanga-Sollo, K.J. Thornton, M.E. White, W.R. Dayton Source Type: research
Activities for Leptin in Bovine Trophoblast Cells
Leptin is involved in various reproductive processes in humans and rodents, including placental development and function. The specific ways that leptin influences placental development and function in cattle are poorly understood. This work was completed to explore how leptin regulates hormone, cytokine and metalloprotease transcript abundance and cell proliferation in cultured bovine trophoblast cells. In the first set of studies, cells were cultured in the presence of graded recombinant bovine leptin concentrations (0, 10, 50, 250 ng/mL) for 6- or 24-h. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - September 12, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: C.K. Hughes, M.M. Xie, S.R. McCoski, A.D. Ealy Source Type: research
Role of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 in estradiol 17 β -induced alterations in protein synthesis and protein degradation rates in fused bovine satellite cell cultures1
In feedlot steers, estradiol-17 β (E2) and combined E2 and trenbolone acetate (TBA) (a testosterone analog) implants enhance rate and efficiency of muscle growth; and, consequently, these compounds are widely used as growth promoters in several countries. Treatment with E2 stimulates protein synthesis rate and suppresses protein degradation rate in fused bovine satellite cell (BSC) cultures, however the mechanisms involved in these effects are not known with certainty. Although the genomic effects of E2 mediated through the classical estrogen receptors have been characterized, recent studies indicate that binding of E2 to...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - September 12, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: E. Kamanga-Sollo, K.J. Thornton, M.E. White, W.R. Dayton Source Type: research
Moderate high or low maternal protein diets change gene expression but not the phenotype of skeletal muscle from porcine fetuses
The aim of our study was to characterize the immediate phenotypic and adaptive regulatory responses of fetuses to different in utero conditions reflecting inadequate maternal protein supply during gestation. The gilts fed high (250% above control) or low (50% under control) protein diets isoenergetically adjusted at the expense of carbohydrates from the day of insemination until the fetuses were collected at d 64 or 94 of gestation. We analyzed body composition, histo-morphology, biochemistry, and mRNA expression of fetal skeletal muscle. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - August 15, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: C. Kalbe, D. L ösel, J. Block, L. Lefaucheur, K.-P. Brüssow, O. Bellmann, R. Pfuhl, B. Puppe, W. Otten, C.C. Metges, C. Rehfeldt Source Type: research
A miRNA target network putatively involved in follicular atresia
In a previous microarray study, we identified a subset of micro RNAS (miRNAs), which expression was distinctly higher in atretic than healthy follicles of cattle. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of those miRNAs in granulosa and theca cells during atresia. RT-qPCR confirmed that miR-21-5p/-3p, miR-150, miR-409a, miR-142-5p, miR-378, miR-222, miR-155, and miR-199a-5p were expressed at higher levels in atretic than healthy follicles (9 –17 mm, classified based on steroidogenic capacity). (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - August 12, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: F.X. Donadeu, J. Ioannidis Source Type: research
