Estradiol concentration and the expression of estrogen receptors in the testes of the domestic goose () during the annual reproductive cycle
Seasonal fluctuations in the activity of bird testes are regulated by a complex mechanism where androgens play a key role. Until recently, the role played by estrogens in males has been significantly underestimated. However, there is growing evidence that the proper functioning of the testes is associated with optimal estradiol (E2) concentration in both the plasma and testes of many mammalian species. Estrogens are gradually emerging as very important players in hormonal regulation of reproductive processes in male mammals. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - December 11, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: A. Leska, J. Kiezun, B. Kaminska, L. Dusza Source Type: research
Serotonin receptor expression is dynamic in the liver during the transition period in Holstein dairy cows
Non-neuronal serotonin (5-HT) participates in glucose metabolism, but little is known regarding the actions of 5-HT in the liver during the transition period in dairy cattle. Here we explore circulating patterns of 5-HT, and characterize the hepatic 5-HT receptor and glucose transporter profiles around calving in multiparous Holstein dairy cows (n = 6, average lactation = 4 ± 1.9). Concentrations of serum 5-HT decreased on day -3 compared to -5 and -7 precalving (167.7 ± 80 vs. 1511.1 ± 602 ng/mL). (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - November 26, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: J. Laporta, L.L. Hernandez Source Type: research
Conjoint regulation of glucagon concentrations via plasma insulin and glucose in dairy cows
Insulin and glucagon are glucoregulatory hormones that contribute to glucose homeostasis. Plasma insulin is elevated during normo- or hyperglycemia and acts as a suppressor of glucagon secretion. We have investigated if and how insulin and glucose contribute to the regulation of glucagon secretion through long term (48 h) elevated insulin concentrations during simultaneous hypoglycemia or euglycemia in mid lactating dairy cows. Nineteen Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: an intravenous insulin infusion (HypoG, n=5) to decrease plasma glucose concentrations (2.5 mmol/L), a hyperinsulinemic...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - November 20, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: M. Zarrin, O. Wellnitz, R.M. Bruckmaier Source Type: research
Relationship between expression of muscle-specific uncoupling protein 2 messenger RNA and genetic selection toward growth in channel catfish
This study tested the hypothesis that increased growth in channel catfish is associated with expression of the genes that code for uncoupling proteins (UCP) 2 and 3, members of the mitochondrial channel proteins involved in nutrient sensing and metabolism. The specific objective was to contrast the levels of UCP2 mRNA in fast versus slow growing catfish as well as in fed versus fasted catfish. Two distinct UCP2 transcripts were identified and named UCP2a and UCP2b, respectively. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence of catfish UCP2s were highly similar to UCP2 and other UCPs from other fish and mammals (>75%). (Source: Domest...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - November 17, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Y. Kobayashi, B.C. Peterson, G.C. Waldbieser Source Type: research
Regulation of lipid metabolism and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in rainbow trout adipose tissue by lipolytic and antilipolytic endocrine factors
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I on glycerol release and the regulation of IGF-I and IGF-II expression by GH in isolated rainbow trout adipocytes. Cells were also incubated with GH, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), or insulin to analyze the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and lipid metabolism markers: hormone sensitive lipase, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and lipoprotein lipase. Complimentary in vivo experiments were performed by intraperitoneally administering insulin, TNFα, or lipopolysaccharide and sub...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - November 15, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: L. Cruz-Garcia, J. Sánchez-Gurmaches, M. Monroy, J. Gutiérrez, I. Navarro Source Type: research
Regulation of lipid metabolism and PPARs in rainbow trout adipose tissue by lipolytic and antilipolytic endocrine factors
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of growth hormone (GH) and IGF-I on glycerol release and the regulation of IGF-I and IGF-II expression by GH in isolated rainbow trout adipocytes. Cells were also incubated with GH, tumour necrosis factor α (TNF α) or insulin in order to analyse the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and lipid metabolism markers: hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Complimentary in vivo experiments were performed by intraperitoneally administering insulin, TNFα or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and subject...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - November 15, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: L. Cruz-Garcia, J. Sánchez-Gurmaches, M. Monroy, J. Gutiérrez, I. Navarro Source Type: research
Impact of maternal malnutrition during the periconceptional period on mammalian preimplantation embryo development
During episodes of undernutrition and overnutrition the mammalian preimplantation embryo undergoes molecular and metabolic adaptations to cope with nutrient deficits or excesses. Maternal adaptations also take place in order to keep a nutritional microenvironment favourable for oocyte development and embryo formation. This maternal-embryo communication takes place via several nutritional mediators. Although adaptive responses to malnutrition by both the mother and the embryo may ensure blastocyst formation, the resultant quality of the embryo can be compromised, leading to early pregnancy failure. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - November 11, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: M.A. Velazquez Source Type: research
Neonatal oxytocin administration and supplemental milk ameliorate the weaning transition and alter hormonal expression in the gastrointestinal tract in pigs
The aim of this study was to investigate the influences of milk supplementation during lactation, over 1 wk after weaning, and oxytocin administration for the first 14 d of life on the pigs’ response to weaning. Pigs from 20 litters were allocated to each of these 3 treatments in a randomized factorial design. Oxytocin was administered subcutaneously daily from 0 to 14 d of age at a rate of 10 I.U. per kg. The milk supplement consisted of a mixture of 25% skim milk powder offered either during lactation between 10 and 20 d of age or for the first wk after weaning as a transitional diet along with dry pellets. (Source: Do...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - November 11, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: J.-L. Rault, J. Ferrari, J.R. Pluske, F.R. Dunshea Source Type: research
Ovariectomy in young prepubertal dairy heifers causes complete suppression of mammary progesterone receptors
The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of ovariectomy on the expression of protein and mRNA for estrogen receptor-alpha (ESR1) and progesterone receptor (PGR) and their relation to mammary ductal development and cell proliferation. Prepubertal Holstein heifers 2, 3, or 4 mo of age were randomly assigned to one of two treatments, ovariectomized (OVX; n = 8) or sham operated (INT; n = 12). (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - November 7, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: B.T. Velayudhan, B.P. Huderson, S.E. Ellis, C.L. Parsons, R.C. Hovey, A.R. Rowson, R.M. Akers Source Type: research
Differential gene expression and immunolocalization of platelet-derived growth factors and their receptors in caprine ovaries
This study evaluated the mRNA expression and immunolocalization of all members of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family in caprine ovaries by qPCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Detectable levels of PDGF-A mRNA were not observed in primordial follicles. Higher levels of PDGF-B mRNA were observed in primary follicles than in primordial follicles (P < 0.05). PDGF-D mRNA levels were higher in secondary follicles than in the other preantral follicle categories (P < 0.05). PDGF-B mRNA expression was higher than PDGF-C mRNA expression in primary follicles (P < 0.05). (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - October 20, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: I.R. Brito, A.D. Sales, G.Q. Rodrigues, C.H. Lobo, S.V. Castro, A.W.B. Silva, A.A.A. Moura, J.R.V. Silva, A.P.R. Rodrigues, J.R. Figueiredo Source Type: research
Relationship between plasma and tissue corticosterone in laying hens (): implications for stress physiology and animal welfare
This study directly compared the dynamics of change in plasma corticosterone concentration with the dynamics of change in tissue corticosterone concentration in laying hens. In concert, we measured the rate of gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis, and glycolysis in the liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, and heart. We evaluated these changes acutely, over 3 h in response to an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) injection, and chronically, over 24 h in response to food and water deprivation. In response to ACTH injection, there was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in plasma corticosterone concentration and a parallel significant in...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - October 1, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: C.R. Ralph, P.H. Hemsworth, B.J. Leury, A.J. Tilbrook Source Type: research
Expression of variant transcripts of the potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing 15 gene and their association with fatness traits in chickens
The aim of this study was to characterize the structure, expression, and biological functions of potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 15 (KCTD15) in chickens. We compared the KCTD15 expression level in samples of hypothalamic, adipose, and liver tissue of Xinghua chickens that were maintained on different dietary status. An association analysis of KCTD15 gene variant transcripts with fatness traits in a F2 resource population of chickens was performed. Three KCTD15 transcripts were identified in which the complete transcript was predominantly expressed in adipose tissue and the hypothalamus. (Source: Domesti...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - September 30, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: S.S. Liang, H.J. Ouyang, J. Liu, B. Chen, Q.H. Nie, X.Q. Zhang Source Type: research
Obituary
Dr. Marcel Amstalden of College Station, TX, a member of the Editorial Board for Domestic Animal Endocrinology, passed away Wednesday September 3, 2014 as a result of a motor vehicle accident while traveling on official business near Hallettsville, TX. Memorial Services were held on September 10, 2014 at Memorial Funeral Chapel in Bryan, TX. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - September 26, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Modulation of periovulatory endocrine profiles in beef cows: consequences for endometrial glucose transporters and uterine fluid glucose levels
In beef cattle, proestrus estradiol and subsequent progesterone (P4) concentrations can regulate the endometrial characteristics and thereby determine maternal receptivity toward the embryo. However, the underlying mechanisms linking periovulatory endocrine profiles to receptivity, which is crucial to obtain pregnancy, need to be elucidated. We hypothesized that the size of the preovulatory follicle (POF) and subsequent circulating P4 concentrations, during early diestrus, modulate endometrial levels of glucose transporter transcripts and proteins, and subsequently affect the luminal glucose availability in the uterus. (So...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - September 25, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: M.R. França, F.S. Mesquita, E. Lopes, G. Pugliesi, V. Van Hoeck, M.R. Chiaratti, C.B. Membrive, P. Papa, M. Binelli Source Type: research
Duration of maternal undernutrition differentially alters fetal growth and hormone concentrations
To investigate the impact of duration of maternal undernutrition in twin sheep pregnancies, ewes were either fed 100% (C) or 50% of their nutrient requirements from 28 to 78 d gestational age (dGA) and readjusted to 100% beginning at 79 dGA (LC) or continuously restricted from 28 to 135 dGA (LL). Weights of the fetus, empty carcass, brain, and liver were greater in the LC than LL fetuses at 135 dGA (P ≤ 0.05). Although umbilical vein (UmV) glucose concentrations did not differ, the UmV:umbilical artery (UmA) glucose gradient was smaller (0.26 ± 0.03 vs 0.38 ± 0.03 and 0.39 ± 0.04 mmol L−1; P ≤ 0.05) in LL than ...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - September 18, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: M.E. Field, R.V. Anthony, T.E. Engle, S.L. Archibeque, D.H. Keisler, H. Han Source Type: research
