Creating leptin-like biofunctions by active immunization against chicken leptin receptor in growing chickens
In this study, immunization against chicken leptin receptor (cLEPR) extracellular domain (ECD) was applied to investigate leptin regulation and LEPR biofunction in growing chicken pullets. A recombinant protein (cLEPR ECD) based on the cLEPR complemenary DNA sequence corresponding to the 582nd to 796th amino acid residues of cLEPR mature peptide was prepared and used as antigen. Immunization against cLEPR ECD in growing chickens increased anti-cLEPR ECD antibody titers in blood, enhanced proportions of phosphorylated janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and served as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein in l...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - September 14, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: M.M. Lei, S.Q. Wu, X.B. Shao, X.W. Li, Z. Chen, S.J. Ying, Z.D. Shi Source Type: research
Maternal insulin sensitivity in midpregnancy does not determine birth weight after embryo transfer between large and small breed sheep
Embryo transfer of large sheep breed embryos (Suffolk) into small breed ewes (Cheviot) constrains birth size, but the maternal factors influencing fetal growth restriction are unknown. We hypothesized that reciprocal embryo transfer crosses between breeds of divergent size would affect pregnancy-related development of maternal insulin resistance in midgestation, thereby influencing fetal growth. Following superovulation, embryos were surgically collected 6 d postmating and transferred to recipients on the same day. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - August 28, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: M.H. Oliver, A.L. Jaquiery, P.R. Kenyon, S.J. Pain, C.M. Jenkinson, H.T. Blair, J.G.B. Derraik, F.H. Bloomfield Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research
Effects of oral butyrate application on insulin signaling in various tissues of chickens
The influence of butyrate on insulin signaling in chickens was studied because butyrate is produced during microbial fermentation in the large intestine of birds, and butyrate is widely used as a feed additive in animal production. Ross 308 broiler chickens received a daily intraingluvial bolus of sodium butyrate (0.25 g/kg body weight) on days 20–24 of life (n = 10). Plasma butyrate concentration increased after receiving oral butyrate treatment (P < 0.001). Oral butyrate application was associated with decreased protein expression of insulin receptor β subunit (IRβ) in liver (P = 0.008) and both abdominal (P = 0.003...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - August 7, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: G. Mátis, A. Kulcsár, V. Turowski, H. Fébel, Zs. Neogrády, K. Huber Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research
Effects of oral butyrate application on insulin signaling in various tissues of chickens
The influence of butyrate on insulin signaling in chickens was studied because butyrate is produced during microbial fermentation in the large intestine of birds and butyrate is widely used as a feed additive in animal production. Ross 308 broiler chickens received a daily intra-ingluvial bolus of sodium butyrate (0.25 g/kg BW) on d 20-24 of life (n = 10). Plasma butyrate concentration increased after receiving oral butyrate treatment (P < 0.001). Oral butyrate application was associated with decreased protein expression of insulin receptor β subunit (IRβ) in liver (P = 0.008) and both abdominal (P = 0.003) and subcutane...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - August 7, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: G. Mátis, A. Kulcsár, V. Turowski, H. Fébel, Zs. Neogrády, K. Huber Source Type: research
Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction does not necessarily impair insulin sensitivity in old horses
The objective of the study was to determine if aged horses with PPID had reduced insulin sensitivity and alterations in the insulin-mediated signaling pathways in the skeletal muscle when compared with healthy aged horses. Isoglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp procedures were conducted in 12 horses that were classified as either PPID (n = 6; age: 25.0 ± 2.5 yr; mean ± standard deviation) or non-PPID, aged-matched controls (control) (n = 6; age: 25.7 ± 2.0 yr). (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - August 1, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: L.M. Mastro, A.A. Adams, K.L. Urschel Source Type: research
Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction does not necessarily impair insulin sensitivity in old horses.
The objective of the study was to determine if aged horses with PPID had reduced insulin sensitivity and alterations in the insulin-mediated signaling pathways in the skeletal muscle when compared to healthy aged horses. Isoglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp procedures were conducted in twelve horses that were classified as either PPID (n=6; age 25.0 ± 2.5 yr; mean ± SD) or non-PPID, aged-matched controls (Control) (n = 6; age: 25.7 ± 2.0 yr). (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - August 1, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: L.M. Mastro, A.A. Adams, K.L. Urschel Source Type: research
The effects of parity, litter size, physiological state, and milking frequency on the metabolic profile of Lacaune dairy ewes
Effects of parity (primiparous, PRIM vs multiparous, MULT) and litter size (singletons, SING vs twins, TWIN) on metabolic profiles from 1 wk before lambing to the end of lactation were studied in 48 Lacaune dairy ewes reared in confinement during most of the year and grazed on improved pastures at the end of lactation (summer). Another group of 48 ewes was incorporated during the milking period (ie, from 1 wk after weaning), to measure the effects of milking frequency (1 vs 2 milkings per day) on intake, milk production and composition, and body energy usage. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - July 23, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: E. González-García, A. Tesniere, S. Camous, F. Bocquier, F. Barillet, P. Hassoun Source Type: research
The effects of parity, litter size, physiological state and milking frequency on the metabolic profile of Lacaune dairy ewes
Effects of parity (primiparous, PRIM vs. multiparous, MULT) and litter size (singletons, SING vs. twins, TWIN) on metabolic profiles from 1 wk before lambing to the end of lactation were studied in 48 Lacaune dairy ewes reared in confinement during most of the year and grazed on improved pastures at the end of lactation (summer). Another group of 48 ewes was incorporated during the milking period (i.e., from 1 wk after weaning), to measure the effects of milking frequency (one vs. two milkings per day) on intake, milk production and composition, and body energy usage. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - July 23, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: E. González-García, A. Tesniere, S. Camous, F. Bocquier, F. Barillet, P. Hassoun Source Type: research
Plasma anti-mullerian hormone: an endocrine marker for in vitro embryo production from and donors
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between plasma anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) concentration and in vitro embryo production (IVP) from Bos taurus (Holstein) and Bos indicus (Nelore) donors. A total of 59 Holstein (15 prepubertal heifers aged 8–10 mo, 15 cyclic heifers aged 12–14 mo, 14 lactating cows, and 15 nonlactating cows) and 34 Nelore (12 prepubertal heifers aged 10–11 mo, 10 prepubertal heifers aged 21–23 mo, and 12 cyclic heifers aged 24–26 mo) females were enrolled. All females underwent an ovum pick-up (OPU), without previous synchronization of the follicular wave, and IVP proce...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - July 22, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: B.M. Guerreiro, E.O.S. Batista, L.M. Vieira, M.F. Sá Filho, C.A. Rodrigues, A. Castro Netto, C.R.A. Silveira, B.M. Bayeux, E.A.R. Dias, F.M. Monteiro, M. Accorsi, R.N.V.R. Lopes, P.S. Baruselli Source Type: research
Plasma anti-Mullerian hormone: an endocrine marker for embryo production from and donors
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between plasma anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) concentration and in vitro embryo production (IVP) from Bos taurus (Holstein) and Bos indicus (Nelore) donors. A total of 59 Holstein (15 prepubertal heifers aged 8-10 mo, 15 cyclic heifers aged 12-14 mo, 14 lactating cows and 15 non-lactating cows) and 34 Nelore (12 prepubertal heifers aged 10-11 mo, 10 prepubertal heifers aged 21-23 mo and 12 cyclic heifers aged 24-26 mo) females were enrolled. All females underwent an ovum pick–up (OPU), without previous synchronization of the follicular wave, and IVP procedure. (Source: ...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - July 22, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: B.M. Guerreiro, E.O.S. Batista, L.M. Vieira, M.F. Sá Filho, C.A. Rodrigues, A. Castro Netto, C.R.A. Silveira, B.M. Bayeux, E.A.R. Dias, F.M. Monteiro, M. Accorsi, R.N.V.R. Lopes, P.S. Baruselli Source Type: research
Temporal dynamic of adrenocortical and gonadal photo-responsiveness in male Japanese quail exposed to short days
The study evaluated whether different short-term endocrine testicular and adrenocortical responses to short photoperiod exposure can persist over time and particularly when birds exhibit spontaneous cloacal gland recovery. At 11 wk of age, 33 male Japanese quail exposed to long photoperiod were switched to short photoperiod (8L:16D). Another group of males was kept under long photoperiod (n = 11; LD quail). After 5 wk of short photoperiod exposure, quail were classified as nonresponsive or responsive to short photoperiod, depending on whether the cloacal gland volume was above or below 1,000 mm3 and with or without foam...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - July 4, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: M.F. Dominchin, R.H. Marin, R. Palme, J.M. Busso Source Type: research
Temporal dynamic of adrenocortical and gonadal photoresponsiveness in male Japanese quail exposed to short days
The study evaluated whether different short-term endocrine testicular and adrenocortical responses to short photoperiod exposure can persist over time and particularly when birds exhibit spontaneous cloacal gland recovery. At 11 wk of age, 33 male Japanese quail exposed to long photoperiod were switched to short photoperiod (8L:16D). Another group of males was kept under long photoperiod (n = 11). After 5 wk of short photoperiod exposure, quail were classified as nonresponsive or responsive to short photoperiod, depending on whether the cloacal gland volume was above or below 1,000 mm3 and with or without foam productio...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - July 4, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: M.F. Dominchin, R.H. Marin, R. Palme, J.M. Busso Source Type: research
Neonatal glucocorticoid overexposure programs pituitary-adrenal function in ponies
The present study tested the hypothesis that overexposure to endogenous glucocorticoids in neonatal life alters the reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in ponies at 1 and 2 yr of age. Newborn foals received saline (0.9% NaCl, n = 8, control) or long-acting adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH1-24) (Depot Synacthen 0.125 mg intramuscularly twice daily, n = 9) for 5 d after birth to raise cortisol concentrations 5- to 6-fold. At 1 and 2 yr of age, HPA axis function was assessed by bolus administration of short-acting ACTH1-24 (1 μg/kg intravenous) and insulin (0.5 U/kg intravenous) to induce hypogl...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - July 3, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: J.K. Jellyman, O.A. Valenzuela, V.L. Allen, A.J. Forhead, N.B. Holdstock, A.L. Fowden Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research
Expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor system in porcine oviducts after induction of ovulation and superovulation
This study was performed to determine the influence of insemination as well as treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) on expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system in porcine oviducts. In the first experiment, 10 gilts were assigned to 2 groups: cyclic (treated with phosphate-buffered saline; n = 5) and inseminated (n = 5). In experiment II, 15 gilts were assigned to 3 groups: inseminated (control; n = 5), induced ovulation and/or inseminated (750 IU eCG, 500 IU hCG; n = 5), and superovulated and/or inseminated (1500 IU eCG, 1000 IU hCG; n = 5). (So...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - July 1, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: I. Małysz-Cymborska, A. Andronowska Source Type: research
