Repeatability of the ACTH stimulation test as reflected by salivary cortisol response in healthy horses
The aim of this study was to further characterize the ACTH stimulation test as reflected by salivary cortisol response and to measure the short- and long-term repeatability of it in healthy horses as a tool to assess the capacity of the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol. Nineteen healthy horses were subjected to 3 ACTH stimulation tests. Intervals were 2 wk and 5 mo between the first and second and the second and third tests, respectively. A dose of 1-μg/kg BW synthetic ACTH was injected intravenously. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - May 11, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: M.D. Scheidegger, V. Gerber, A. Ramseyer, G. Sch üpbach-Regula, R.M. Bruckmaier, J.H. Van der Kolk Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research
Characteristics, tissue-specific expression, and hormonal regulation of expression of tyrosine aminotransferase in the avian female reproductive tract
Tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) catalyzes the transamination of tyrosine to p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. Accumulation of tyrosine in the body due to a genetic mutation in the TAT gene causes tyrosomia type II in humans. The TAT gene is regarded as a model for studying steroid-inducible factors regulating a variety of biological functions of TAT. However, little is known of the effects of estrogen on the expression of the TAT gene in chickens. Therefore, in the present study, we identified expression of the avian TAT gene in various organs. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - May 11, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: W. Lim, G. Song Source Type: research
Repeatability of the ACTH stimulation test as reflected by salivary cortisol response in healthy horses
The aim of this study was to further characterize the ACTH stimulation test as reflected by salivary cortisol response and to measure the short- and long-term repeatability of it in healthy horses as a tool to assess the capacity of the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol. Nineteen healthy horses were subjected to three ACTH stimulation tests. Intervals were 2 wk and 5 mo between the first and second and the second and third tests, respectively. A dose of 1 μg/kg BW synthetic ACTH was injected intravenously. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - May 11, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: M.D. Scheidegger, V. Gerber, A. Ramseyer, G. Schüpbach-Regula, R.M. Bruckmaier, J.H. Van der Kolk Source Type: research
Characteristics, tissue-specific expression and hormonal regulation of expression of tyrosine aminotransferase in the avian female reproductive tract
Tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) catalyzes the transamination of tyrosine to p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. Accumulation of tyrosine in the body due to a genetic mutation in the TAT gene causes tyrosomia type II in humans. The TAT gene is regarded as a model for studying steroid-inducible factors regulating a variety of biological functions of TAT. However, little is known of the effects of estrogen on the expression of the TAT gene in chickens. Therefore, in the present study, we identified expression of the avian TAT gene in various organs. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - May 11, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: W. Lim, G. Song Source Type: research
A systematic review and meta-analysis of salivary cortisol measurement in domestic canines
Salivary cortisol is widely used as an indicator of stress and welfare in canine research. However, much remains unclear about the basic features of this hormone marker in domestic dogs. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine a reference range for cortisol concentration in the saliva of dogs and examine how canine characteristics, environmental effects and experimental considerations relate to salivary cortisol concentrations. A systematic review of literature databases and conference proceedings from 1992 to 2012 identified 61 peer-reviewed studies using domestic dog salivary cortisol. (Source: Domest...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - May 10, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: M.L. Cobb, K. Iskandarani, V.M. Chinchilli, N.A. Dreschel Source Type: research
A systematic review and meta-analysis of salivary cortisol measurement in domestic canines
Salivary cortisol is widely used as an indicator of stress and welfare in canine research. However, much remains unclear about the basic features of this hormone marker in domestic dogs. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine a reference range for cortisol concentration in the saliva of dogs, and examine population effects and experimental considerations relating to salivary cortisol concentrations. A systematic review of literature databases and conference proceedings from 1992-2012 identified 61 peer-reviewed studies utilizing domestic dog salivary cortisol. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - May 10, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: M.L. Cobb, K. Iskandarani, V.M. Chinchilli, N.A. Dreschel Source Type: research
Transcript levels of genes implicated in steroidogenesis in the testes and fat tissue in relation to androstenone accumulation in fat of pubertal pigs
The present study was performed to measure messenger RNA levels of steroidogenic enzymes in testes and fat tissue and determine whether they are related to fat androstenone level. Real-time polymerase chain reaction experiments were performed on 26 testes and 12 adipose tissue samples from pubertal boars using 21 genes. The absence of significant correlations between fat androstenone and the transcriptional activity of the SRD5A2 and SRD5A3 genes but the high correlation coefficient with that of the SRD5A1 gene (r = 0.62, P < 0.05) suggests that the enzyme coded by SRD5A1 is mainly responsible for the last step of andr...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - April 7, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: A. Robic, K. Feve, J. Riquet, A. Prunier Source Type: research
Transcript levels of genes implicated in steroidogenesis in the testes and fat tissue in relation to androstenone accumulation in fat of pubertal pigs
The present study was performed to measure messenger RNA levels of steroidogenic enzymes in testes and fat tissue and determine whether they are related to fat androstenone level. Real-time polymerase chain reaction experiments were performed on 26 testes and 12 adipose tissue samples from pubertal boars using 21 genes. The absence of significant correlations between fat androstenone and the transcriptional activity of the SRD5A2 and SRD5A3 genes but the high correlation coefficient with that of the SRD5A1 gene (r = 0.62, P < 0.05) suggests that the enzyme coded by SRD5A1 is mainly responsible for the last step of androst...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - April 7, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: A. Robic, K. Feve, J. Riquet, A. Prunier Source Type: research
Transcript levels of genes implicated in steroidogenesis in the testes and fat tissue in relation with androstenone accumulation in fat of pubertal pigs
The present study was performed to measure mRNA levels of steroidogenic enzymes in testes and fat tissue and determine whether they are related to fat androstenone level. Real time PCR experiments were performed on 26 testes and 12 adipose tissue samples from pubertal boars using 21 genes. The absence of significant correlations between fat androstenone and the transcriptional activity of the SRD5A2 and SRD5A3 genes but the high correlation coefficient with that of the SRD5A1 gene (r = 0.62, P < 0.05) suggest that the enzyme coded by SRD5A1 is mainly responsible for the last step of androstenone synthesis. (Source: Domesti...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - April 7, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: A. Robic, K. Feve, J. Riquet, A. Prunier Source Type: research
Endocrine regulation of gut maturation in early life in pigs
Following birth the newborn must adapt to the acute challenges of circulatory changes, active respiration, thermoregulation, microbial colonization, and enteral nutrition. Whereas these processes normally occur without clinical complications in neonates born at term, birth at a preterm state of gestation is associated with high morbidity and mortality. In commercial pig production, perinatal mortality is higher than in any other mammalian species. Asphyxia, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, sepsis and gut dysmotility, represent some of the most common findings. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - April 5, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: T. Thymann Source Type: research
Early pregnancy in the mare: old concepts revisited
“Maternal recognition of pregnancy” (MRP) is commonly used to describe the ongoing embryo-maternal communication during early pregnancy that culminates in prevention of luteolysis and ensures ongoing progestin support. The conceptus-derived pregnancy recognition signal has not yet been identified in the mare. Although equine conceptuses produce substantial amounts of estrogens, there is a lack of evidence that estrogens are the pregnancy recognition signal in mares. Conceptus mobility is integral to MRP and is driven by conceptus-derived prostaglandin production. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - March 31, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: C. Klein Tags: Review Source Type: research
Early pregnancy in the mare: old concepts re-visited
“Maternal recognition of pregnancy” (MRP) is commonly used to describe the ongoing embryo-maternal communication during early pregnancy that culminates in prevention of luteolysis and ensures ongoing progestin support. The conceptus-derived pregnancy recognition signal has not yet been identified in the mare. Although equine conceptuses produce substantial amounts of estrogens, there is a lack of evidence that estrogens are the pregnancy recognition signal in mares. Conceptus mobility is integral to MRP and is driven by conceptus-derived prostaglandin production. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - March 31, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: C. Klein Source Type: research
Stress, cortisol, and obesity: a role for cortisol responsiveness in identifying individuals prone to obesity
There is a strong inter-relationship between activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and energy homeostasis. Patients with abdominal obesity have elevated cortisol levels. Furthermore, stress and glucocorticoids act to control both food intake and energy expenditure. In particular, glucocorticoids are known to increase the consumption of foods enriched in fat and sugar. It is well-known that, in all species, the cortisol response to stress or adrenocorticotropin is highly variable. It has now emerged that cortisol responsiveness is an important determinant in the metabolic sequelae to stress. (Source: Domestic...
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - March 29, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: S.D. Hewagalamulage, T.K. Lee, I.J. Clarke, B.A. Henry Source Type: research
The role of mitochondrial DNA copy number, variants, and haplotypes in farm animal developmental outcome
The vast majority of cellular energy is generated through the process of oxidative phosphorylation, which takes place in the electron transfer chain in the mitochondria. The electron transport chain is encoded by 2 genomes, the chromosomal and the mitochondrial (mtDNA) genomes. Mitochondrial DNA is associated with a number of traits, which include tolerance to heat, growth and physical performance, meat and milk quality, and fertility. Mitochondrial genomes can be clustered into groups known as mtDNA haplotypes. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology)
Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology - March 29, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Tesha Tsai, Justin C. St. John Tags: Review Source Type: research
