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The Immune-metabolic Regulatory Roles of Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids on Macrophages Phenotypic Plasticity in Obesity-related Insulin Resistance
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2018Source: Prostaglandins & Other Lipid MediatorsAuthor(s): Meiyan Dai, Lujin Wu, Ling Tu, Xizhen Xu, Dao Wen WangAbstractMacrophages in adipose tissue are associated with obesity-induced low-grade inflammation, which contributed to insulin resistance and the related metabolic diseases. Macrophages display phenotypic plasticity, and polarize under the condition of obesity. Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids (EETs) are lipid mediators that are involved in the regulation of inflammatory cascades and glucose homeostasis. In this mini-review, we briefly summarize the macrophages recruitment...
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - October 6, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Eicosanoids via CYP450 and cardiovascular disease: hints from genetic and nutrition studies
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2018Source: Prostaglandins & Other Lipid MediatorsAuthor(s): Cristiano Fava, Sara BonafiniAbstractMetabolites of arachidonic acid via CYP450 such as epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and (Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators)
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - October 6, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Editorial Board
Publication date: September 2018Source: Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators, Volume 138Author(s): (Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators)
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - October 4, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Mechanisms of Isolevuglandin-protein Adduct Formation in Inflammation and Hypertension
Publication date: Available online 29 September 2018Source: Prostaglandins & Other Lipid MediatorsAuthor(s): Liang Xiao, David M. Patrick, Luul A. Aden, Annet KiraboAbstractInflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension and recent evidence suggests that isolevuglandin (IsoLG)-protein adducts play a role. Several hypertensive stimuli contribute to formation of IsoLG-protein adducts including excess dietary salt and catecholamines. The precise intracellular mechanisms by which these hypertensive stimuli lead to IsoLG-protein adduct formation are still not well understood; however, there is now evidence ...
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - October 4, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Regulation of platelet function and thrombosis by omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Publication date: November 2018Source: Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators, Volume 139Author(s): Reheman Adili, Megan Hawley, Michael HolinstatAbstractThrombosis is the most common underlying pathology responsible for morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation play central roles in hemostasis; however, the same process may also cause thrombosis and vessel occlusion at the site of ruptured atherosclerotic lesions leading to heart attack and stroke. ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are an essential component of the platelet phospholipid membrane...
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - October 4, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Targeting Cysteinyl-Leukotrienes in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Publication date: Available online 21 September 2018Source: Prostaglandins & Other Lipid MediatorsAuthor(s): Ana Carolina Araújo, Xiao Tang, Jesper Z. HaeggströmAbstractAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an asymptomatic dilatation of the vessel wall exceeding the normal vessel diameter by 50%, accompanied by intramural thrombus formation. Since the aneurysm can rupture, AAA is a life-threatening vascular disease, which may be amenable to surgical repair. At present, no pharmacological therapy for AAA is available. The 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism leads to biosynthesis of leukotrienes (LTs...
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - September 22, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Role of dyslipidemia in preeclampsia - a review of lipidomic analysis of blood, placenta, syncytiotrophoblast microvesicles and umbilical cord artery from women with preeclampsia
Publication date: Available online 21 September 2018Source: Prostaglandins & Other Lipid MediatorsAuthor(s): Daniela Wojcik-Baszko, Karol Charkiewicz, Piotr LaudanskiAbstractPreeclampsia is a complex disorder and the pathogenesis of it is still not fully understood. The most commonly accepted theory of pathogenesis assumes that there occurs impaired trophoblastic invasion and failure in spiral artery remodeling. Nowadays, obesity becomes one of the most important, modifiable risk factors for the development of preeclampsia. Despite research into the condition, predicting which women with risk factors will develop preeclamp...
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - September 22, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Inflammation and CB2 signaling drive novel changes in the ocular lipidome and regulate immune cell activity in the eye
Publication date: Available online 16 September 2018Source: Prostaglandins & Other Lipid MediatorsAuthor(s): JT Toguri, E Leishman, AM Szczesniak, RB Laprairie, O Oehler, AJ Straiker, MEM Kelly, HB BradshawAbstractUveitis is inflammation of the uvea which consists of the iris, ciliary body and the choroid of the eye. Uveitis can lead to impaired vision and is responsible for 10% of all cases of blindness globally. Using an endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) rodent model, our previous data implicated the endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) in the amelioration of many of the components of the inflammatory response. Here, we tes...
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - September 17, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Angiotensin II upregulates CYP4A isoform expression in the rat kidney through angiotensin II type 1 receptor
Publication date: Available online 15 September 2018Source: Prostaglandins & Other Lipid MediatorsAuthor(s): Rong Rong, Wanting Wang, Yoshikazu Muroya, Gaizun Hu, Takahiro Miura, Yoshiko Ogawa, Masahiro Kohzuki, Osamu ItoAbstractAngiotensin II (AngII) stimulates the renal production and release of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (20-HETE), which is a major metabolite of arachidonic acid catalyzed by CYP4 A isoforms. However, the effects of AngII on CYP4 A isoform expression in the kidney and its mechanism remains unclear. To clarify the regulation of CYP4 A isoform expression by AngII, we examined the chronic effect...
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - September 16, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Omega-3 PUFA attenuate mice myocardial infarction injury by emerging a protective eicosanoid pattern
Publication date: Available online 14 September 2018Source: Prostaglandins & Other Lipid MediatorsAuthor(s): Xuan Fang, Wenbin Cai, Qian Cheng, Ding Ai, Xian Wang, Bruce D. Hammock, Yi Zhu, Xu ZhangAbstractOmega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation is a recommended preventive approach against cardiovascular diseases, but its mechanism of protection against myocardial infarction (MI) injury is not fully understood. Eicosanoid metabolomics demonstrated an abnormal eicosanoid profile was in the plasma of mice receiving MI surgery. 19,20-EDP, 17,18-EEQ, 14,15-EET and 9,10-EpOME were decreased, and PGE2 was i...
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - September 15, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Hypertension and chronic inhibition of endocannabinoid degradation modify the endocannabinoid system and redox balance in rat heart and plasma
Publication date: Available online 7 September 2018Source: Prostaglandins & Other Lipid MediatorsAuthor(s): Michał Biernacki, Barbara Malinowska, Magdalena Timoszuk, Martek Toczek, Anna Jastrząb, Patryk Remiszewski, Elżbieta SkrzydlewskaAbstractThe interaction between the endocannabinoid and ROS signaling systems has been demonstrated in different organs. Inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the key enzyme responsible for degradation of the endocannabinoid anandamide, are postulated to possess anti-hypertensive potential. Here, we compared the effects of hypertension and chronic FAAH inhibition by URB597 on ...
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - September 8, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Oxylipins in cerebrospinal fluid in clinically isolated syndrome and relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis
In conclusion, this study indicates that 9-HODE and 13-HODE levels are increased in CSF from CIS and RRMS patients compared with healthy controls, but does not support 9-HODE or 13-HODE as prognostic biomarkers of disease activity in patients during follow-up.Graphical abstractA principal component analysis (first principal component t1 vs. the first orthogonal component t2) model showing the discriminant separation between the patients (pat, green filled circles) and the healthy controls (HC, blue filled circles). The red filled circle represents the patient that was identified as a strong outlier with Hotelling´s T2 tes...
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - August 15, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

15-lipoxygenase-2/15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid regulates cell proliferation and metastasis via the STAT3 pathway in lung adenocarcinoma
This study may provide a greater understanding of LAC metastasis and shed new light on the mechanisms by which the 15(S)-HETE/STAT3 pathway is related to this disease. (Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators)
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - August 13, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Evaluation of anti-arthritic potential of Trigonella foenum graecum L. (Fenugreek) mucilage against rheumatoid arthritis
Publication date: Available online 11 August 2018Source: Prostaglandins & Other Lipid MediatorsAuthor(s): Sindhu G, Shyni G. L, Chithra K Pushpan, Bala Nambisan, Helen AAbstractRheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory joint disease characterized by synovial proliferation and tissue destruction. Pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) play a key role in the disease process and elevate energy expenditure, which further increases the joint pain and stiffness. The present study was undertaken to explore the anti-arthritic potential of fenugreek mucilage in adjuvant in...
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - August 12, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

The anti-inflammatory effect of BML-111 on COPD may be mediated by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation and ROS production
In this study, mice were randomly divided into the following five groups: control group (Control), COPD model group (Model), BML-111 low-dose group (Low-BML), BML-111 high-dose group (High-BML) and Dexamethasone group (Dex). NLRP3 involvement and oxidative stress were evaluated. Differential cell counts in the BALF were calculated to obtain a reliable enumeration of each cell type, and the levels of TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 in BALF were evaluated using ELISA. We found that the white blood cell and lymphocyte numbers in the BALF were significantly lower in the High-BML group than in the Model group. ELISA of the ...
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - August 11, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research