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Postepy Hig Med Dosw 2017; 71:633-648 "The α 7-nACh nicotinic receptor and its role in memory and selected diseases of the central nervous system"
α 7-nACh is one of the major nicotinic cholinergic receptor subtypes found in the brain. It is broadly expressed in the hippocampal and cortical neurons, the regions which play a key role in memory formation. Although α 7-nACh receptors may serve as postsynaptic receptors mediating classical neurotransmission, they usually function as presynaptic modulators responsible for the release of other neurotransmitters, such as glutamate, γ -aminobutyric acid, dopamine, and norepinephrine. They can, therefore, affect a wide array of neurobiological functions. In recent years, research has found that a large number of agonists a...
Source: Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej - July 31, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Review article Source Type: research

Postepy Hig Med Dosw 2017; 71:624-632 "Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and its endogenous agonist – indoxyl sulfate in chronic kidney disease"
The indoxyl sulfate (IS, indoxyl sulphate) is the end product of dietary tryptophan degradation by indole pathway and significantly higher serum and tissue concentrations of this compound is observed in patients with impaired renal function. Despite the high albumin binding affinity, the remaining free fraction of IS has a number of biological effects related to the generation of oxidative stress andactivation of signaling pathways related to NF- к B, p53 protein, STAT3, TGF- β and Smad2/3. IS induces the inflammatory process, exerts nephrotoxic activity and is also a factor impairing the cardiovascular system.Its high c...
Source: Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej - July 31, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Review article Source Type: research

Postepy Hig Med Dosw 2017; 71:618-623 "Methotrexate and epirubicin conjugates as potential antitumor drugs"
This study describes synthesis and characterization of conjugates consisting of two well-known and characterized chemotherapeutic agents: methotrexate (MTX) and epirubicin (EPR). The synthesized conjugates combine two significant anticancer strategies: combinatory therapy and targeted therapy. These two drugs were chosen because they have different mechanisms of action, which can increase the anticancer effect of the obtained conjugates. MTX, which is a folic acid analog, has high cytotoxic properties and can serve as a targeting moiety that can reach folate receptors (FRs) overexpresing tumor cells. Combination of nonsele...
Source: Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej - July 31, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Original article Source Type: research

Postepy Hig Med Dosw 2017; 71:602-617 "Determination of antioxidantactivity of phytochemicals in cellular models by fluorescence/luminescence methods"
As soon as the role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in so-called civilization diseases, which include non-infectious chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes or high blood pressure has been discovered, and the possibility of employing antioxidants as a remedy for these diseases have been proposed, scientists developed a broad spectrum of methods to determine antioxidant activity of pure chemicals and plant extracts, as well as dietary supplements. Most of these methods are based on simple redox reactions between antioxidant and ROS (for example ABTS, DPPH, or FRAP tests). However, chemical methods of assessing antioxidan...
Source: Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej - July 31, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Review article Source Type: research

Postepy Hig Med Dosw 2017; 71:595-601 "Heterogeneity of human WT1 gene"
The WT1 gene, characterized by an extremely complex structure, is located on chromosome 11. It is involved in cell growth and differentiation, and has a strong impact on consecutive stages of the functioning of the body. The WT1 gene may undergo many different mutations, as well as may be overexpressed without a mutation. The molecular basis of diseases such as Wilms tumor, WAGR, Denys-Drash or Frasier syndromes are congenital WT1 mutations, while somatic mutations of this gene occur in acute and chronic myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome and also in some other blood neoplasms, as acute lymphoblood leukemia. Increa...
Source: Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej - July 12, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Review article Source Type: research

Postepy Hig Med Dosw 2017; 71:589-594 "Emergence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with class 1 integron carrying blaVIM-2 and blaVIM-4 in the University Clinical Hospital of Bialystok (northeastern Poland)"
The effectiveness of carbapenems, considered as last-resort antimicrobials in severe infections, becomes compromised by bacterial resistance. The production of metallo- β -lactamases (MBLs) is the most significant threat to carbapenems activity among Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The aim of this study was to assess the presence and type of MBLs genes in carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa clinical strains, to identify the location of MBLs genes and to determine genetic relatedness between MBL-producers using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The first identified MBL-positive (with bl...
Source: Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej - July 12, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Original article Source Type: research

Postepy Hig Med Dosw 2017; 71:577-588 "Novel strategies for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension"
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare disorder associated with abnormally elevated pulmonary pressures that, if untreated, leads to right heart failure and premature death. Special population include patents with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). A greater understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology of PAH has led to significant advances over the past few years. Modern drug therapy provides a significant improvement in patient symptomatic status and a slower rate of clinical deterioration. Despite this, PAH remains a chronic disease without a cure. There is a need for the development of novel ...
Source: Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej - July 11, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Review article Source Type: research

Postepy Hig Med Dosw 2017; 71:564-576 "The effect of NaCl on the level of reduced sulfur compounds in rat liver. Implications for blood pressure increase"
Conclusions: The repeated iv saline injection induced a slight hypertension accompanied by disturbances in anaerobic cysteine metabolism in the rat liver. (Source: Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej)
Source: Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej - July 10, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Original article Source Type: research

Postepy Hig Med Dosw 2017; 71:551-563 "Multiple sclerosis - etiology and diagnostic potential"
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of autoimmune originate. The main agents responsible for the MS development include exogenous, environmental, and genetic factors. MS is characterized by multifocal and temporally scattered central nervous system (CNS) damage which lead to the axonal damage. Among clinical courses of MS it can be distinguish relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPSM), primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), and progressive-relapsing multiple sclerosis (RPMS). Depending on the severity of signs and symptoms ...
Source: Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej - June 30, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Review article Source Type: research

Postepy Hig Med Dosw 2017; 71:541-550 "Glutathione S - transferases class Pi and Mi and their significance in oncology"
In this article the current data, which shows that glutathione S-transferases (GST) class Pi and Mi are interesting and promising biomarkers in acute and chronic inflammatory processes as well as in the oncology, were presented based on the review of the latest experimental and clinical studies. The article shows their characteristics, functions and participation (direct - GST Pi, indirect - GST Mi) in the regulation of signaling pathways of JNK kinases, which are involved in cell differentiation. Overexpression of glutathione S-transferases class Pi and Mi in many cancer cells plays a key role in cancer treatment, making ...
Source: Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej - June 19, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Review article Source Type: research

Postepy Hig Med Dosw 2017; 71:530-540 "Plant storage proteins – the main nourisching products – from biosynthesis to cellular storage depots"
Storage proteins of legumes are one of the main components of the human and animal diet. The substances collected in their seeds have the pro-health values, supporting the prevention of many civilization diseases. However, there are still many uncertainties about the mechanisms leading to the production of nutritious seeds. It is also difficult to identify which of their constituents and in what final form are responsible for the observed protective effects in vivo. In this work, on the background of different types of storage proteins, these deposited mainly in legumes were in the focus of interest. They were characterize...
Source: Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej - June 19, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Review article Source Type: research

Postepy Hig Med Dosw 2017; 71:520-529 "Experimental model for acute kidney injury caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli"
Discussion: An increase in CreaS and abnormal diuresis were accompanied by changes in parameters specific for various forms of AKI, i.e. FENa and FEUrea. Based on these changes, administration of E. coli at 107 cfu/ml was demonstrated to induce renal AKI, whereas inoculation with 109 cfu/ml seemed to cause not only ascending pyelonephritis, but perhaps also bacteremia and urosepsis (prerenal component of AKI). (Source: Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej)
Source: Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej - June 19, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Original article Source Type: research

Postepy Hig Med Dosw 2017; 71:510-519 "Application of three-dimensional neuronal cell cultures in the studies of mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases"
In vitro models utilizing cells in planar two-dimensional (2D) cultures do not reflect the in vivo environment and are increasingly replaced by three-dimensional (3D) cultures. Fundamental differences between 2D and 3D cell cultures systems include cell attach, spread and grow, their morphology, proliferation, differentiation or gene and protein expression. For that reason 3D models have been proven to be invaluable tools of study for the various fields of science, such as drug discovery, cancer research, differentiation studies or neuroscience. In the present review, we discuss 3D neural in vitro models that might provide...
Source: Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej - June 19, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Review article Source Type: research

Postepy Hig Med Dosw 2017; 71:500-509 "Modified methods for efficiently differentiating human embryonic stem cells into chondrocyte-like cells"
Discussion: The most efficient method is the differentiation throughout embryoid bodies. In turn, chondrogenic differentiation via pellet culture is the most promising method for implementation on clinical scale. The most useful GFs are TGF- β 1, -3 and BMP-2 that possess the most chondrogenic potential. These methods can also be used to obtain chondrocyte-like cells from differentiating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (Source: Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej)
Source: Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej - June 19, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Original article Source Type: research

Postepy Hig Med Dosw 2017; 71:485-499 "Stress and its molecular consequences in cancer progression"
Stress, caused by psychological, physiological and physical factors has an adverse impact on human body homeostasis. There are two kind of stress: short-term and chronic. Cancer patients usually live under chronic stress, caused by diagnosis-related strong emotional experience and depression, resulting from various difficulties associated with disease progression and treatment. At the molecular level, stress factors induce production and secretion of stress-related hormones, such as catecholamines, glucocorticoids and dopamine (as a part of adaptational body response), which influence both normal and transformed cells thro...
Source: Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej - June 12, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Review article Source Type: research