Single nucleotide polymorphisms of Beijing lineage Mycobacterium tuberculosis toxin-antitoxin system genes: Their role in the changes of protein activity and evolution
The article investigates SNP in genes of toxin-antitoxin systems type II in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing lineage strains and their possible role in the development and formation of new sublineages. We established the catalog of SNPs in 142 TA systems genes in 1349 sequenced genomes of the M. tuberculosis Beijing lineage. Based on the catalog, 15 new sublineages were identified as part of Beijing lineages by non-synonymous SNP in 21 genes of TA systems. We discovered three toxin genes with mutations specific for epidemiologically da ngerous sublineages Beijing-modern (vapC37 A46G, vapC38 T143C) and Beijing-B0/W148 ...
Source: Tuberculosis - June 11, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: M.V. Zaychikova, N.E. Mikheecheva, Y.O. Belay, M.G. Alekseeva, A.V. Melerzanov, V.N. Danilenko Source Type: research
Neutrophil CD64, TLR2 and TLR4 expression increases but phagocytic potential decreases during tuberculosis
During initial stages of pathogen recognition during tuberculosis infection, neutrophils provide significant immune resistance. This is exhibited by phagocytosis of the pathogen, apoptosis, activation of downstream immune responses, etc. As pathogen recognition by neutrophil cell surface receptor and phagocytosis marks the initial step in any immune response, knowledge on receptor modulations during tuberculosis infection will augment drug designing strategies for the disease. Thus we studied the phagocytosis potential and expression of toll like receptors (TLR1, TLR2 and TLR4) and Fc γ receptors (CD64 and CD32) by human ...
Source: Tuberculosis - June 9, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: J. Nancy Hilda, Sulochana Das Tags: Immunological Aspects Source Type: research
Association between IL-15 and insulin plasmatic concentrations in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and type 2 diabetes
IL-15 is part of the immune response in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) but amazingly, it may also induce physiological effects similar to those of insulin. We evaluated the IL-15 and insulin plasmatic levels in adults with PTB and with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), who received previous antituberculosis therapy for at least 2 months. We analyzed the concentrations of glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, as well as levels of IL-15, IL-2, IFN- γ, and TNF-α in patients with PTB, patients with PTB-DM2, household contacts with DM2 (C-DM2), and healthy household contacts (H-C). (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - June 8, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Roberto S ánchez-Jiménez, Eduarda Cerón, Demetrio Bernal-Alcántara, Manuel Castillejos-López, Eva Gonzalez-Trujano, Ma Cristina Negrete-García, Noé Alvarado-Vásquez Source Type: research
Characterization of pncA mutations in multi-drug and pyrazinamide resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates cultured from Queensland migrants and Papua New Guinea residents
Outbreak of drug resistant tuberculosis in the Western province, Papua New Guinea is a concern to Queensland, Australia due to migration. We performed pncA mutation analysis and genotyping of multi-drug/pyrazinamide (MDR/PZA) resistant isolates from 18 Queensland (Qld) migrants and 81 Papua New Guinea (PNG) residents, to compare with phenotypic evidence of PZA resistance and to evaluate the genotypes obtained from the two countries. Seven different mutations were seen from Qld isolates of which 2 have not been described previously. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - June 7, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Sushil Pandey, Evelyn Lavu, Jacob Congdon, Rendi Moke, Arnold Bainomugisa, Christopher Coulter Source Type: research
Mycobacterium bovis ESAT-6, CFP-10 and EspC antigens show high conservation among field isolates
ESAT-6, CFP-10 and EspC are virulence factors that have been extensively assayed for bovine and human tuberculosis diagnosis due their potent T-cell inducing activities. While polymorphisms of ESAT-6 and CFP-10 were analyzed, with the description of CFP-10 variants in M. tuberculosis, this fact has not been explored in M. bovis field isolates. The coding sequences of esxA (ESAT-6), esxB (CFP-10) and mb3645c (EspC) from 58 M. bovis strains exhibiting genomic variability (spoligotyping) were analyzed. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - June 7, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: M. Encinas, J. Marfil, S. Garbaccio, S. Barandiaran, P. Huertas, C. Morsella, A. Mac ías, G. Magnano, L. Zapata, F. Bigi, A. Cataldi, F. Paolicchi, M. Zumárraga, M.E. Eirin Source Type: research
Twelve-dose weekly rifapentine plus isoniazid for latent tuberculosis infection: A multicentre randomised controlled trial in Taiwan
Treatment of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) effectively prevents its progression to active TB. However, long treatment duration and drug-related hepatotoxicity limit the effectiveness of the 9-month daily isoniazid (9H). Data on the 3-month weekly rifapentine plus isoniazid (3 HP) in Asian populations are currently unavailable. We prospectively randomized the LTBI contacts aged ≥12 years with positive tuberculin skin test into 9H and 3 HP groups in four hospitals between January 2014 and May 2016 in Taiwan. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - June 7, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hsin-Yun Sun, Yi-Wen Huang, Wei-Chang Huang, Lih-Yu Chang, Pei-Chun Chan, Yu-Chung Chuang, Sheng-Yuan Ruan, Jann-Yuan Wang, Jann-Tay Wang Tags: Drug Discovery and Resistance Source Type: research
Borderline QuantiFERON results and the distinction between specific responses and test variability
QuantiFERON (QFT) results near the cut-off are subject to debate. We aimed to investigate which borderline QFT results were due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-specific responses or to test variability. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - June 7, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Jonathan W. Uzorka, Ailko W.J. Bossink, Willeke P.J. Franken, Steven F.T. Thijsen, Eliane M.S. Leyten, Alida C. van Haeften, Gert Doornenbal, Peter Boonstra, Tom H.M. Ottenhoff, Sandra M. Arend Tags: Diagnostics Source Type: research
A molecular epidemiological analysis of tuberculosis trends in South Korea
Molecular epidemiological data are needed to assess tuberculosis (TB)-management policy outcomes in South Korea. IS6110 restriction fragment-length polymorphism (IS6110-RFLP) and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit –variable-number tandem repeat (MIRU–VNTR) analyses are major molecular epidemiological tools for investigating the transmission or reactivation of active TB. Here, we determined trends in the clustering rate (i.e., the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates with identical genotype pa tterns) of active TB and related differences between the 1990s and 2000s in Korea. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - June 6, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Kyungjong Kim, Jeong Seong Yang, Hongjo Choi, Heejin Kim, Sang-Hee Park, Se-Mi Jeon, Na-Ra Lim, Changki Kim Source Type: research
Detection of lipoarabinomannan in urine and serum of HIV-positive and HIV-negative TB suspects using an improved capture-enzyme linked immuno absorbent assay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
TB diagnosis and treatment monitoring in resource limited regions rely heavily on serial sputum smear microscopy and bacterial culture. These microbiological methods are time-consuming, expensive and lack adequate sensitivity. The WHO states that improved TB diagnosis and treatment is imperative to achieve an end to the TB epidemic by 2030. Commercially available lipoarabinomannan (LAM) detection tools perform at low sensitivity that are highly dependent on the underlying immunological status of the patient; those with advanced HIV infection perform well. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - June 6, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Anita G. Amin, Prithwiraj De, John S. Spencer, Patrick J. Brennan, Joshua Daum, Barbara G. Andre, Maju Joe, Yu Bai, Lars Laurentius, Marc D. Porter, William J. Honnen, Alok Choudhary, Todd L. Lowary, Abraham Pinter, Delphi Chatterjee Source Type: research
Can colony-forming unit testing be used to extend the shelf life of BCG vaccines?
In this study, we assessed whether quantification of viable bacteria, could be used to inform the use of the BCG vaccine beyond its manufacturer-assigned expira tion date. The viability of a single batch of BCG-Denmark was tested in three independent laboratories. There was high inter-vial and inter-laboratory variability in viability counts, however all three laboratories detected a decrease in BCG viability over time. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - June 6, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Nicole L. Messina, Susie Germano, Rhian Bonnici, Lai-yang Lee, Andrew J. Daley, Andrea Bustamante, Peter Jelfs, Nigel Curtis Source Type: research
Antituberculous drugs modulate bacterial phagolysosome avoidance and autophagy in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) complex remains a deadly infectious disease worldwide. Mtb is an intracellular pathogen, and autophagy is an essential component of the immune response leading to TB clearance. Anti-TB treatment is based on classical isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF), but also new drugs, such as linezolid (LNZ) and bedaquiline (BDQ). However, little is known about these antibiotics' impact on Mtb intra-macrophagic behavior independent of their impact on host cells. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - May 22, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Charlotte Genestet, Fanny Bernard-Barret, Elisabeth Hodille, Christophe Ginevra, Florence Ader, Sylvain Goutelle, G érard Lina, Oana Dumitrescu, Lyon TB study group Source Type: research
Screening for active pulmonary tuberculosis: Development and applicability of artificial neural network models
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health challenge, motivated by the diversity of healthcare epidemiological settings, as other factors. Cost-effective screening has substantial importance for TB control, demanding new diagnostic tools. This paper proposes a decision support tool (DST) for screening pulmonary TB (PTB) patients at a secondary level clinic. This DST is composed of an adaptive resonance model (iART) for risk group identification (low, medium and high) and a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network for classifying patients as active or inactive PTB. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - May 19, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Jo ão Baptista de Oliveira e Souza Filho, Mauro Sanchez, José Manoel de Seixas, Carmen Maidantchik, Rafael Galliez, Adriana da Silva Rezende Moreira, Paulo Albuquerque da Costa, Martha Maria Oliveira, Anthony David Harries, Afrânio Lineu Kritski Source Type: research
rs1800796 of the IL6 gene is associated with increased risk for anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity in Chinese Han children
Previous studies have revealed the important contribution of the immune response and oxidative stress to the development of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH). To investigate whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the cytokine gene interleukin-6 (IL6) and oxidative stress genes xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase (XO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) were associated with susceptibility to ATDH, we performed a case-control study including 41 ATDH cases and 116 ATDH-free controls in Chinese Han children. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - May 18, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Yingjia Li, Haijing Tang, Hui Qi, Chen Shen, Lin Sun, Jieqiong Li, Fang Xu, Weiwei Jiao, Xu Yang, Adong Shen Source Type: research
Proteomic analysis reveals that sulfamethoxazole induces oxidative stress in M. tuberculosis
This study investigated the potential additional targets of SMX in a clinical isolate of M. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - May 17, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: R. Sarkar, C. Mdladla, L. Macingwana, R.-D. Pietersen, A.H. Ngwane, D.L. Tabb, P.D. van Helden, I. Wiid, B. Baker Source Type: research
Direct genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Xpert ® MTB/RIF remnants
Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates has markedly improved our knowledge of its transmission dynamics. MIRU-VNTR is considered the reference molecular tool for MTB fingerprinting. However, the dependence of this technique on cultured isolates means that we lack molecular epidemiology data from many settings where culture facilities have not been implemented. Efforts have been made to adapt the MIRU-VNTR procedure to direct analysis of clinical specimens, although implementation of these efforts has not proven successful. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - May 15, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Edson T. Mambuque, Estefan ía Abascal, Rouxjeane Venter, Helder Bulo, Emilio Bouza, Grant Theron, Alberto L. García-Basteiro, Darío García-de-Viedma Source Type: research
