Acquaintance to Artificial Neural Networks and use of artificial intelligence as a diagnostic tool for tuberculosis: A review
Tuberculosis [TB] has afflicted numerous nations in the world. As per a report by the World Health Organization [WHO], an estimated 1.4 million TB deaths in 2015 and an additional 0.4 million deaths resulting from TB disease among people living with HIV, were observed. Most of the TB deaths can be prevented if it is detected at an early stage. The existing processes of diagnosis like blood tests or sputum tests are not only tedious but also take a long time for analysis and cannot differentiate between different drug resistant stages of TB. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - September 19, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Payal Dande, Purva Samant Tags: Review Source Type: research
Variants of katG, inhA and nat genes are not associated with mutations in efflux pump genes (mmpL3 and mmpL7) in isoniazid-resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from India
To understand the impact of efflux pump genes such as mmpL3 and mmpL7 on isoniazid (INH) resistance and to correlate with presence or absence of mutations in essential genes of INH resistance (katG, inhA, and nat) in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). One hundred (75 resistant and 25 sensitive) clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis from India were selected for the study. The presence of mutations in specific regions of katG, inhA, and nat, efflux pump genes (mmpL3 and mmpL7) associated with INH resistance were analyzed using multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (MAS-PCR) and DN...
Source: Tuberculosis - September 16, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: A. Nusrath Unissa, V.N. Azgar Dustageer, Micheal Prem Kumar, P. Nagarajan, S. Swathi, V. Indira Kumari, A. Ramya Lakshmi, L.E. Hanna Source Type: research
Whole Genome Sequencing for the management of drug-resistant TB in low income high TB burden settings: Challenges and implications
Drug-resistant tuberculosis is emerging as a major global health challenge, fuelled by a limited formulary and reduced ability to timeously diagnose resistance. Furthermore, poorly managed drug-resistant tuberculosis is complicated by poor treatment outcomes and high rates of morbidity and mortality. A rapid diagnosis together with individualized management are essential in order to limit disease and curtail transmission. Recently, the feasibility of Whole Genome Sequencing technology for the routine diagnosis and drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in a high income, low tuberculosis burden setting, w...
Source: Tuberculosis - September 15, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Sharana Mahomed, Kogieleum Naidoo, Navisha Dookie, Nesri Padayatchi Tags: Review Source Type: research
Alveolar macrophages from tuberculosis patients display an altered inflammatory gene expression profile
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are major targets of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, critical during the progression of active tuberculosis (TB). The complex immunopathology of TB generates diverse microenvironments in the lung, which shape immune responses by AMs. In the current study, we perform whole genome microarray transcriptional profiling on RNA isolated from AMs from TB patients (AMsTB) compared to AMs from control subjects (AMsCT) using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Our hypothesis was that systemic effects on the local lung microenvironment during TB affect the transcriptional response of AMsTB. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - September 15, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Lelia Lavalett, Hector Rodriguez, Hector Ortega, Wolfgang Sadee, Larry S. Schlesinger, Luis F. Barrera Source Type: research
Mixed infections in tuberculosis: The missing part in a puzzle
The mixed strains infection phenomenon is a major problem posing serious challenges in control of tuberculosis (TB). In patients with mixed infection, several different strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be isolated simultaneously. Although different genotyping methods and various molecular approaches can be employed for detection of mixed infection in clinical samples, the MIRU-VNTR technique is more sensitive with higher discriminative power than many widely used techniques. Furthermore, the recent introduction of whole genome sequencing (WGS) promises to reveal more details about mixed infection with high resolut...
Source: Tuberculosis - September 15, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Samira Tarashi, Abolfazl Fateh, Mehdi Mirsaeidi, Seyed Davar Siadat, Farzam Vaziri Tags: Review Source Type: research
Mechanisms of resistance against NITD-916, a direct inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis InhA
Isoniazid inhibits Mycobacterium tuberculosis InhA and is a key component of drug regimens that treat tuberculosis. However, the high rate of resistance against isoniazid is a contributing factor to the emergence of multi-drug resistance strains of M. tuberculosis. The 4-hydroxy-2-pyridine NITD-916 is a direct inhibitor of M. tuberculosis InhA that has comparable efficacy to isoniazid in mouse models of TB infection but a lower frequency of resistance. To characterize resistance mechanisms against NITD-916 we isolated resistant mutants in H37Rv (Euro-American lineage) and HN878 (East-Asian lineage) strains of M. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - September 13, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Matthew B. McNeil, Devon Dennison, Catherine Shelton, Lindsay Flint, Aaron Korkegian, Tanya Parish Source Type: research
Modeling tuberculosis pathogenesis through ex vivo lung tissue infection
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Several in vitro and in vivo experimental models have been used to study TB pathogenesis and induction of immune response during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Precision cut lung tissue slices (PCLTS) is an experimental model, in which all the usual cell types of the organ are found, the tissue architecture and the interactions amongst the different cells are maintained. PCLTS in good physiological conditions, monitored by MTT assay and histology, were infected with either virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv or the TB vaccine strain Mycob...
Source: Tuberculosis - September 11, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Pilar Carranza-Rosales, Irma Edith Carranza-Torres, Nancy Elena Guzm án-Delgado, Gerardo Lozano-Garza, Licet Villarreal-Treviño, Carmen Molina-Torres, Javier Vargas Villarreal, Lucio Vera-Cabrera, Jorge Castro-Garza Tags: Model Systems Source Type: research
Clinical significance of serum CA-125, CA19-9 and CEA in pulmonary tuberculosis with and without type 2 diabetes
Tuberculosis (TB) has existed for millennia and remains a major global health problem. In 2015, TB led to approximately 1.4 million deaths [1]. China has the world's third largest TB epidemic, with more than 1.3 million new cases of TB every year [2]. As a consequence of its rapid economic development, aging, changed lifestyles and urbanization, China has also witnessed an escalating epidemic of diabetes mellitus (DM) [3]. DM is a well-known risk factors for the development of pulmonary TB (PTB). (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - September 6, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Zhi-xiang Du, Man-man Liang, Jing Sun, Wen-jie Wang, Yin-hua Liu, Jiang-Hua Yang Source Type: research
Ionophore A23187 shows anti-tuberculosis activity and synergy with tebipenem
The objective of this study was to find molecules with anti-mycobacterial activity from a natural compounds library, investigate their mechanisms of resistance, and assess their synergy with antibiotics. We screened a library of 2582 natural compounds with Mycobacterium aurum with the aim of identifying molecules with anti-mycobacterial activity. The hits with the lowest MICs in M. aurum were also tested for their antimicrobial activity in other mycobacterial species including M. tuberculosis complex strains. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - September 5, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Wei Huang, Julien Briffotaux, Xinwei Wang, Lili Liu, Pei Hao, Mena Cimino, Maria Virginia Buchieri, Amine Namouchi, Jose-Antonio Ainsa, Brigitte Gicquel Tags: Drug Discovery and Resistance Source Type: research
Pharmacokinetic studies of a three-component complex that repurposes the front line antibiotic isoniazid against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
This study focuses on pharmacokinetic studies of the isoniazid-sucrose –copper (II)-PEG-3350 complex. The assays include the Plasma Protein Binding Assay (85.8%), Caco-2 Permeability Assay (B→APapp, 0.13 × 10−6 cm/s), Cytochrome P450 Inhibition Assay (i.e. CYP2B6, IC50 = 7.26 μM), In vitro microsomal Stability Assay (t1/2 NADPH-Dependent > 240 min), and HepG2 Cytotoxicity (no toxicity). (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - September 4, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Thomas J. Manning, Kyle Wilkerson, Taylor Holder, Andrew Carson Bentley, Chelsea Jackson, Sydney Plummer, Dennis Phillips, Logan Krajewski, Greg Wylie Source Type: research
Blood antimicrobial activity varies against different Mycobacterium spp.
In vitro analysis of mycobacterial pathogenicity or host susceptibility has traditionally relied on the infection of macrophages, the target cell of mycobacteria, despite difficulties reproducing their antimycobacterial activity. We have employed alternative models, namely whole blood and leukocytes in plasma, from QuantiFERON negative individuals, and performed infections with the pathogenic M. tuberculosis, the less pathogenic M. avium, M. kansasii and M. chelonae and the occasionally pathogenic M. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - August 24, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Octavio Miguel Rivero-Lezcano, Sara Blanco-Conde, Ramiro L ópez-Medrano, Eduardo López-Fidalgo, Manuela Caño-Herrero, Teresa Nebreda-Mayoral Tags: Immunological Aspects Source Type: research
The expressions and roles of different forms of IL-22 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Despite evidence suggesting an anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis effector function of CD4+ T cells that produce and retain IL-22 in macaques, the general role of IL-22 in tuberculosis infection is still poorly characterized. To explore the immune mechanism in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis in humans, here we evaluated different forms of IL-22 in populations with different tuberculosis infection statuses. We enrolled 156 subjects including 49 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, 27 patients with tuberculous pleurisy (TPE), 38 individuals with latent tuberculous infection (LTBI) and 42 healthy controls (HC). (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - August 24, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Yuanyuan Liu, Qinfang Ou, Qianqian Liu, Yan Gao, Jing Wu, Bingyan Zhang, Xinhua Weng, Lingyun Shao, Wenhong Zhang Tags: Immunological Aspects Source Type: research
Screening and identification of four serum miRNAs as novel potential biomarkers for cured pulmonary tuberculosis
Rapid and efficient methods for the determination of cured pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) are lacking. We screened serum miRNAs using the Solexa sequencing method among untreated TB patients, two-month treated TB patients, cured TB patients, and healthy controls. A total of 100 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in cured TB patients, including 37 up-regulated (fold change>1.50, P (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - August 24, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Chong Wang, Su Yang, Chang-Ming Liu, Ting-Ting Jiang, Zhong-Liang Chen, Hui-Hui Tu, Lian-Gen Mao, Zhong-Jie Li, Ji-Cheng Li Tags: Diagnostics Source Type: research
Differential expression of long non-coding RNAs in patients with tuberculosis infection
In this study, we first evaluated the differential expression of the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the plasma from patients with TB (TB positive), community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and healthy individuals (CG) using lncRNA microarray scanning. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - August 22, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Jianan He, Qingye Ou, Chunxiao Liu, Lei Shi, Chunzhong Zhao, Yunqing Xu, Siu Kai Kong, Jacky Fong Chuen Loo, Boan Li, Dayong Gu Source Type: research
Identification of mycobacterial bacterioferritin B for immune screening of tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection
It remains necessary and urgent to search for novel mycobacterial antigens to increase the sensitivity and specificity for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and latent TB infection (LTBI) screening. Antigens capable of inducing strong immune responses during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection would be good candidates. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - August 22, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Xinyu Yang, Jia-bao Wu, Ying Liu, Yanqing Xiong, Ping Ji, Shu-jun Wang, Yingying Chen, Guo-ping Zhao, Shui-hua Lu, Ying Wang Source Type: research
