Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of intra-ocular tuberculosis from vitreous fluid samples
The Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay (GX) has been described as ‘a major step forward in tuberculosis diagnostics’ [1,2]. Although GX has proved its worth in pulmonary [3] and various extra-pulmonary forms of tuberculosis [4], there is no data regarding its use in vitreous fluid (VF) samples from patients suspected of IOTB. The present study investigated the potential of GX in an otherwise challenging diagnosis of presumed IOTB. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - November 2, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Kusum Sharma, Vishali Gupta, Aman Sharma, Ramandeep Singh, Megha Sharma, Kanika Aggarwal, Reema Bansal, Paul D. Fiorella, Surya Prakash, Amod Gupta Source Type: research
Levels of microRNA miR-16 and miR-155 are altered in serum of patients with tuberculosis and associate with responses to therapy
In this study we have evaluated the levels of selected miRNAs in serum of TB and MDR TB patients. In addition, we have studied their levels in serum of patients post-therapy.The levels of 4-miRNAs (miR-16, miR-29a, miR-125b and miR-155) were measured in 30 newly diagnosed TB patients, 19 Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) TB patients, 10 patients who completed TB therapy and were TB negative. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - October 31, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Vishal Wagh, Anant Urhekar, Deepak Modi Source Type: research
The role of CD30 and CD153 (CD30L) in the anti-mycobacterial immune response
The establishment of a protective T-cell response against mycobacterial infections involves different co-stimulatory molecules and their respective ligands. Among these molecules the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Super-family (TNFRSF) and the Tumor Necrosis Factor Super-family (TNFSF) are known to be important members. This review analyzes the evidence that CD30 and CD153 (CD30L), members of the TNFRSF and TNSF, play key roles in the T cell-dependent anti-mycobacterial immune response. Mice deficient in either CD30 or CD153, or treated with antibodies blocking the effects or CD30 and CD153, and infected with M.avium or M....
Source: Tuberculosis - October 31, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Nancy D. Mar ín, Luis F. García Tags: Review Source Type: research
Serial measurements of transrenal mycobacterial DNA as indicators of the early bactericidal activity (EBA) of antituberculosis drugs
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death attributed to a single pathogen worldwide [5]. Emerging drug resistances of Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenges the global TB control in recent years. Multi-drug resistant strains of M. tuberculosis (MDR-TB), that are resistant to the first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs rifampicin and isoniazid, are associated with poor therapy outcomes [3]. In order to improve treatment outcomes in MDR-TB new anti-TB drugs will be needed [4]. The standard method to measure the anti-TB activity of single agents or regimens is the increase in time to culture positivity (TTP) or the decrease o...
Source: Tuberculosis - October 26, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Jan Heyckendorf, Ines Labugger, Lize van der Merwe, Alberto L. Garcia-Basteiro, Andreas H. Diacon, Christoph Lange Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
Modulation of dendritic cell and monocyte subsets in tuberculosis-diabetes co-morbidity upon standard tuberculosis treatment
In this study, we characterized the frequency of DC and monocyte subsets in individuals with PTB with (PTB-DM) or without coincident diabetes mellitus (PTB-NDM) before, during and after completion of anti-TB treatment. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - October 10, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Nathella Pavan Kumar, Kadar Moideen, Shanmugam Sivakumar, Pradeep A. Menon, Vijay Viswanathan, Hardy Kornfeld, Subash Babu Source Type: research
MicroRNA expression signatures in lungs of mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern worldwide; however the factors that account for resistance or susceptibility to disease are not completely understood. Although some studies suggest that the differential expression of miRNAs in peripheral blood of TB patients could be useful as biomarkers of active disease, their involvement during the inflammatory process in lungs of infected individuals is unknown. Here, we evaluated the global expression of miRNAs in the lungs of mice experimentally infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis on 30 and 60 days post-infection. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - October 6, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Thiago Malardo, Luiz Gustavo Gardinassi, Bernardo Pereira Moreira, Éverton Padilha, Júlio César Cetrulo Lorenzi, Luana Silva Soares, Ana Flávia Gembre, Isabela Cardoso Fontoura, Luciana Previato de Almeida, Isabel Kinney Ferreira de Miranda Santos, C Tags: Molecular Aspects Source Type: research
Alternative BCG delivery strategies improve protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in non-human primates: Protection associated with mycobacterial antigen-specific CD4 effector memory T-cell populations
This study compares the immunogenicity and efficacy of BCG administered by ID and intravenous (IV) injection, or as an intratracheal mucosal boost (ID + IT), against aerosol challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Erdman strain. Disease pathology was significantly reduced, and survival improved, by each BCG vaccination strategy, relative to unvaccinated animals. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - October 6, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: S. Sharpe, A. White, C. Sarfas, L. Sibley, F. Gleeson, A. McIntyre, R. Basaraba, S. Clark, G. Hall, E. Rayner, A. Williams, P.D. Marsh, M. Dennis Tags: Model Systems Source Type: research
Mycobacterium indicus pranii as a booster vaccine enhances BCG induced immunity and confers higher protection in animal models of tuberculosis
In this study, MIP was given as a booster to BCG vaccine which enhanced the BCG mediated immune response, resulting in higher protection. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - October 3, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Mohd Saqib, Rahul Khatri, Bindu Singh, Ananya Gupta, Arvind Kumar, Sangeeta Bhaskar Source Type: research
Quick and cheap MIRU-VNTR typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis species complex using duplex PCR
While minisatellites are usually typed using capillary sequencers or qiaplex systems in developed countries, many low-resource regions cannot afford it. We propose an optimized agarose gel electrophoresis method to genotype Mycobacterium tuberculosis species complex minisatellites in their standardized format (24 MIRU-VNTR). It is based on duplex PCRs combining VNTR loci harboring distinct amplicon sizes whatever the repetition number of each locus. This method performs well both on DNA extracts of good quality and on thermolysates while reducing both workload and reagents costs. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - October 2, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Memona Yasmin, St éphanie Le Moullec, Rubina Tabassum Siddiqui, Jessica De Beer, Christophe Sola, Guislaine Refrégier Source Type: research
The characteristic profiles of PD-1 and PD-L1 expressions and dynamic changes during treatment in active tuberculosis
PD-1 is a cell surface receptor of activated T and B lymphocytes and it's role in tuberculosis is controversial because of lack of congruence between clinical study and animal model. To investigate the immunological pathogenesis mechanisms of tuberculosis and to develop the immune therapy target essential for controlling tuberculosis, here we explored the expression characteristics and dynamic changes of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in different CD4+T cell subsets. We enrolled 24 human subjects including 15 active tuberculosis (ATB) patients and 9 healthy donors (HD). (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - September 30, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Lei Shen, Hong Shi, Yan Gao, Qinfang Ou, Qianqian Liu, Yuanyuan Liu, Jing Wu, Wenhong Zhang, Lin Fan, Lingyun Shao Source Type: research
Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) mediated host protective intracellular mechanisms against tuberculosis infection: Involvement of TLR-4 mediated signaling
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection inflicts the disease Tuberculosis (TB), which is fatal if left untreated. During M. tuberculosis infection, the pathogen modulates TLR-4 receptor down-stream signaling, indicating the possible involvement of TLR-4 in the regulation of the host immune response. Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) possesses immuno-modulatory properties which induces the pro-inflammatory responses via induction of TLR-4-mediated signaling. Here, we observed the immunomodulatory properties of MIP against tuberculosis infection. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - September 29, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Subrata Majumdar Source Type: research
The in vitro mechanisms of isoniazid and ethionamide resistance poorly reflect those in vivo in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
To be active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, isoniazid (INH) and ethionamide (ETH) need to be activated by the catalase/peroxidase KatG for INH and by the mono-oxygenase EthA (regulated by EthR) for ETH [1]. ETH and INH both target the enzyme InhA involved in the cell wall biosynthesis [2]. Clinical isolates resistant (R) to INH and ETH display a wide range of mutations altering KatG (mutation S315T in 70% of INH-R isolates), EthA (in 50% of ETH-R isolates) and, InhA and the inhA promoter (in 25% of INH-R and 65% of ETH-R isolates) [1,3]. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - September 28, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Florence Brossier, Emmanuelle Cambau, Emilie Tessier, Vincent Jarlier, Wladimir Sougakoff Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
The in vitro mechanisms of isoniazid and ethionamide resistance poorly reflect those in vivo in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
To be active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, isoniazid (INH) and ethionamide (ETH) need to be activated by the catalase/peroxidase KatG for INH and by the mono-oxygenase EthA (regulated by EthR) for ETH [1]. ETH and INH both target the enzyme InhA involved in the cell wall biosynthesis [2]. Clinical isolates resistant (R) to INH and ETH display a wide range of mutations altering KatG (mutation S315T in 70% of INH-R isolates), EthA (in 50% of ETH-R isolates) and, InhA and the inhA promoter (in 25% of INH-R and 65% of ETH-R isolates) [1,3]. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - September 28, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Florence Brossier, Emmanuelle Cambau, Emilie Tessier, Vincent Jarlier, Wladimir Sougakoff Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
Recombinant Human Lactoferrin Modulates Human PBMC Derived Macrophage Responses to BCG and LPS
This report is the first to demonstrate the effects of a recombinant human lactoferrin (10 μg/mL) on human PBMC derived CD14+ and CD16+ macrophages stimulated with a strong (LPS, 10ng/mL) or weaker (BCG, MOI 1:1) stimulator of inflammation. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - September 26, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Shen-An Hwang, Marian L. Kruzel, Jeffrey K. Actor Source Type: research
Differential Positive TSPOT Assay Responses to ESAT-6 and CFP-10 in Health Care Workers
The TSPOT.TB (TSPOT) diagnostic test for latent tuberculosis infection is based on a cell-mediated response to the Mycobacteria tuberculosis antigens, ESAT-6 and/or CFP-10, producing an “interferon-gamma footprint”. We investigated the within-sample and within-subject variability of positive TSPOT assays due to the individual assay antigens’ reactivity. (Source: Tuberculosis)
Source: Tuberculosis - September 26, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Saroochi Agarwal, Duc T. Nguyen, Justin D. Lew, Larry D. Teeter, Jose-Miguel Yamal, Blanca Restrepo, Eric Brown, Susan E. Dorman, Edward A. Graviss Source Type: research
