Exploring Differences in Youth Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Electronic Cigarette Television Advertisements
Conclusions:
After ad exposure, youth who have never used e-cigarettes previously perceive e-cigarettes as cooler, more fun, healthier, and more enjoyable. Youth who thought the ads were more effective were more likely to have a positive attitude toward e-cigarettes and greater intention to try e-cigarettes in the future. Restricting televised e-cigarette advertising may reduce e-cigarette initiation among youth.
Implications:
Previous studies demonstrate that, among adults, PE is antecedent to actual ad effectiveness across a range of behaviors. To our knowledge, this is the first study to document the relationship betwe...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Duke, J. C., Allen, J. A., Eggers, M. E., Nonnemaker, J., Farrelly, M. C. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
Predictive and External Validity of a Pre-Market Study to Determine the Most Effective Pictorial Health Warning Label Content for Cigarette Packages
Conclusions:
The study suggests well-designed pre-market studies can have predictive and external validity, helping regulators select HWL content. (Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Huang, L.-L., Thrasher, J. F., Reid, J. L., Hammond, D. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
The Impact of Health Warning Labels for Swedish Snus Advertisements on Young Adults Snus Perceptions and Behavioral Intentions
Conclusions:
Warnings conveying the potential-reduced harms of Swedish snus compared with cigarettes generate perceptions that snus is less harmful than cigarettes and produce fewer thoughts about not using snus among nonsmokers. Such perceptions have been associated with snus use in prior studies. (Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Mays, D., Moran, M. B., Levy, D. T., Niaura, R. S. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
A Two-Wave Observational Study of Compliance With Youth Access and Tobacco Advertising Provisions of the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act in India
Conclusions:
Compliance with provisions regarding the sale and display of tobacco products is moderate, while compliance with the advertisement ban remains high in these five Indian states. Greater enforcement will further reduce youths’ exposure to tobacco products.
Implications:
The study adds to the literature on compliance and changes in compliance with policy to prohibit youth access to tobacco products in India, a country that has large geographic disparities in youth smoking prevalence. The findings highlight several important areas on which efforts can focus to improve compliance among points-of-sale, educat...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Mead, E. L., Rimal, R. N., Cohen, J. E., Turner, M. M., Lumby, E. C., Feighery, E. C., Shah, V. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Point-of-Sale Cigarette Marketing, Urge to Buy Cigarettes, and Impulse Purchases of Cigarettes: Results From a Population-Based Survey
Conclusion:
Exposure to POS marketing for one’s own brand of cigarette as well as any brand is associated with urges to buy and impulse purchases of cigarettes.
Implications:
Existing studies on the association of POS cigarette marketing with urge to buy and an impulse purchase of cigarettes only focus on cigarette pack displays, not on advertisements and promotions. Also, these studies make no distinction between marketing for the smokers’ regular brand and any brand of cigarettes. This study found that Exposure to POS marketing for one’s own brand of cigarette as well as any brand is associated with ur...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Siahpush, M., Shaikh, R. A., Hyland, A., Smith, D., Sikora Kessler, A., Meza, J., Wan, N., Wakefield, M. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
The Impact of Cigarette Packaging Design Among Young Females in Canada: Findings From a Discrete Choice Experiment
Conclusion:
The findings suggest that standardized cigarette packaging may decrease demand and reduce misleading perceptions about product harm among young females. (Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Kotnowski, K., Fong, G. T., Gallopel-Morvan, K., Islam, T., Hammond, D. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Recall and Effectiveness of Messages Promoting Smoke-Free Policies in Rural Communities
Conclusions:
Ad recall and perceived effectiveness were associated with framing and demographic and personal characteristics. Smoke-free efforts in rural areas may be bolstered by continuing to promote benefits of smoke-free workplace policies and educate on SHS risks. Rural areas may need to provide a combination of ad types and framing strategies to appeal to a wide audience.
Implications:
Rural communities are disproportionately affected by SHS and less likely to be protected by smoke-free policies. This study adds evidence-based guidance for tailoring rural smoke-free media campaigns using different framing: gain-fram...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Rayens, M. K., Butler, K. M., Wiggins, A. T., Kostygina, G., Langley, R. E., Hahn, E. J. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Impact of Exposure to Electronic Cigarette Advertising on Susceptibility and Trial of Electronic Cigarettes and Cigarettes in US Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Conclusions:
Exposure to e-cigarette ads may enhance curiosity and limited trial of e-cigarettes in never users. Future studies are needed to examine the net effect of curiosity and trial of e-cigarettes on longer-term patterns of tobacco use.
Implications:
This randomized trial provides the first evidence of the effect of e-cigarette advertising on a behavioral outcome in young adults. Compared to the control group, ad exposure was associated with greater curiosity to try an e-cigarette among never e-cigarette users and greater likelihood of e-cigarette trial at follow-up in a small number of never e-cigarette users and ...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Villanti, A. C., Rath, J. M., Williams, V. F., Pearson, J. L., Richardson, A., Abrams, D. B., Niaura, R. S., Vallone, D. M. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Influence of Cigarette Package Brand on the Emotional Impact of Tobacco-Warning Images That Cover 30% of Cigarette Packs in Smokers and Nonsmokers
Conclusion:
The results suggest that cigarette packages modulate the emotional impact of TWIs, especially in smokers, and the minimum size of TWIs (ie, 30% of the front and back of the package) is not sufficiently large to generate an emotional impact associated with avoidance behavior.
Implications:
Cigarette packages modulate the emotional impact of TWIs, especially in smokers. The cigarette package itself is an appetitive context that captures the attention of the observer and decreases the aversive emotional response to the TWIs. The minimum size of TWIs (ie, 30% of the front and back of the package) is not sufficient...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Gantiva, C., Guerrero, L., Rico, A., Ramirez, N., Diaz, M., Gonzalez, M., Romo-Gonzalez, T. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Pictorial Cigarette Warning Labels: Effects of Severity and Likelihood of Risk Messages
Conclusions:
We found preliminary indications that pictorial cigarette labels with likelihood of risk text-messages may be effective in influencing behavior. However, results from our two studies were not consistent. Therefore, future studies should examine this further.
Implications:
Although we can only draw preliminary conclusions from our study that should be replicated in future studies, our findings suggest that it is worthwhile to further explore the addition of likelihood of risk text-messages to pictorial cigarette warning labels, which is not the current practice in most countries. (Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Nagelhout, G. E., Janssen, E., Ruiter, R. A. C., de Vries, H. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Master Settlement Agreement Compliance Tobacco Directories: A Tool to Track Tribally Manufactured Cigarettes
This study illuminates the topic by examining the Master Settlement Agreement Compliance Tobacco Directories, regularly updated documents that list the cigarette manufacturers and brand families that can be legally sold within participating states.
Methods:
In July 2014, the latest Tobacco Directories were identified for 43 states and the District of Columbia. Colorado archival tobacco directories were extracted, by month since 2003. Tribal manufacturers and brands were identified in the directories and mapped by state.
Results:
A total of 11 tribal manufacturers and 39 tribal cigarette brand families were identified in ...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Bondaryk, M., Okamoto, J., Henderson, P. N., Leischow, S. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
Mortality Attributable to Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Spain (2011)
Conclusions:
The total number of deaths attributable to SHS exposure at home and at work in Spain would be 1028 in 2011. Efforts are still needed to reduce the current prevalence of exposure—mainly due to exposure in nonregulated settings such as homes or cars and some outdoor spaces—and the associated morbidity and mortality. (Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Lopez, M. J., Perez-Rios, M., Schiaffino, A., Fernandez, E. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
Slowing Menthols Progress: Differential Impact of a Tobacco Tax Increase on Cigarette Sales
Conclusions:
Sales of menthol cigarettes declined less rapidly than non-menthol cigarettes before the price increase. Sales of menthol and non-menthol cigarettes declined at more comparable rates after the price increase. Increasing the price of tobacco may help ensure declines in consumption are more evenly distributed across menthol and non-menthol cigarettes.
Implications:
Using sales data, we found that a trend of increasing market share for menthol cigarettes was significantly reduced by a $1.75 cigarette price increase. These results suggest that cigarette price increases, a core tobacco control policy, may have a g...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Amato, M. S., DSilva, J., Boyle, R. G. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
National Institutes of Health Funding for Tobacco Versus Harm From Tobacco
Conclusion:
These results replicate our earlier findings. Tobacco research continues to be underfunded at the NIH compared to its disease burden in the United States and to NIH funding for other behavioral risk factors. (Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Hughes, J. R. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
Thirdhand Smoke in the Homes of Medically Fragile Children: Assessing the Impact of Indoor Smoking Levels and Smoking Bans
Conclusions:
Preliminary longitudinal data suggest that THS may continue to accumulate in homes over time and household smoking bans may be protective. However, for homes with high occupant smoking levels, banning indoor smoking may not be fully adequate to protect children from THS. Unless smoking is reduced and bans are implemented, medically fragile children will be exposed to the dangers of THS. (Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Northrup, T. F., Matt, G. E., Hovell, M. F., Khan, A. M., Stotts, A. L. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
