Cigarette Smoking Condensate Disrupts Endoplasmic Reticulum-Golgi Network Homeostasis Through GOLPH3 Expression in Normal Lung Epithelial Cells
Conclusion:
Our study revealed that CSC caused lung damage through the disruption of ER–Golgi homeostasis and autophagy induction. The expression level of the trans-Golgi marker protein GOLPH3 could serve as a reliable bio-indicator for CS-related lung cancer.
Implications:
CS is a harmful factor in the development of many diseases including cancer. In this research, we demonstrated that CSC treatment led to malfunction of the ER–Golgi network, with the disrupted ER and Golgi causing GOLPH3 overexpression and abnormal autophagy accumulation. In addition, although the value of GOLPH3 as a predictor remains to b...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - August 9, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Yu, K.-N., Kim, H.-J., Kim, S., Dawaadamdin, O., Lee, A.-Y., Hong, S.-H., Chang, S.-H., Choi, S.-J., Shim, S.-M., Lee, K., Cho, M.-H. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Self-Administered Nicotine Suppresses Body Weight Gain Independent of Food Intake in Male Rats
Conclusions:
Self-administered nicotine, even at low doses, suppressed body independent of food intake; this may have important implications for nicotine reduction policy.
Implications:
The results of the present studies demonstrate that self-administered nicotine suppresses body weight independent of food intake in rats. Further, the present studies establish that self-administered nicotine suppresses body weight even at very low doses and that reduction of nicotine dose results in weight gain. These results have important implications for nicotine reduction policy. (Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - August 9, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Rupprecht, L. E., Smith, T. T., Donny, E. C., Sved, A. F. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Adolescent Rats Self-Administer Less Nicotine Than Adults at Low Doses
Conclusions:
These results demonstrate that adolescent rats are less sensitive than adults to the primary reinforcing effects of nicotine. However, at nicotine doses that support self-administration in both age groups, adolescent and adult rats do not differ in acquisition or number of infusions earned. These results suggest that reducing nicotine levels in cigarettes to a level that does not support smoking in adults may be sufficient to reduce the acquisition of smoking in adolescents.
Implications:
The results of the present studies demonstrate that adolescent rats are less sensitive than adults to the primary reinforc...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - August 9, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Schassburger, R. L., Pitzer, E. M., Smith, T. T., Rupprecht, L. E., Thiels, E., Donny, E. C., Sved, A. F. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Using Electrophysiological Measures to Assess the Consumer Acceptability of Smokeless Tobacco Products
Conclusions:
The present results provide evidence that electrophysiological measures can yield important insights into consumer acceptability of novel tobacco products and are a valuable complement to subjective measures.
Implications:
This study is the first to employ a combination of electrophysiological measures and traditional subjective assays in order to assess the consumer acceptability of smokeless tobacco products. The results highlight the importance of adopting a multidimensional/multi-method approach to studying the consumer acceptability of tobacco products. (Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - August 9, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Buzzell, G. A., Das, B., Cruz-Cano, R., Nkongho, L. E., Kidanu, A. W., Kim, H., Clark, P. I., McDonald, C. G. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
CHRNA4 and ANKK1 Polymorphisms Influence Smoking-Induced Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Upregulation
Conclusion:
This study provides evidence for genetic regulation of tobacco smoking-induced changes in β2*-nAChR availability and suggests that β2*-nAChR availability could be an endophenotype mediating influences of CHRNA4 variants on nicotine dependence. These results highlight individual differences in the neurochemistry of nicotine dependence and may suggest the need for individualized programs for smoking cessation.
Implications:
This study demonstrates genetic regulation of smoking-induced changes in β2*-nAChRs throughout the brain and highlights the need for personalized programs for smoking cessation...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - August 9, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Esterlis, I., Hillmer, A. T., Bois, F., Pittman, B., McGovern, E., OMalley, S. S., Picciotto, M. R., Yang, B.-z., Gelernter, J., Cosgrove, K. P. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Genome-Wide Association of the Laboratory-Based Nicotine Metabolite Ratio in Three Ancestries
Conclusions:
This meta-GWAS of the NMR identifies CYP2A6 variants, replicates the top-ranked single nucleotide polymorphism from a recent Finnish meta-GWAS of the NMR, identifies functional mechanisms, and provides pan-continental population biomarkers for nicotine metabolism.
Implications:
This multiple ancestry meta-GWAS of the laboratory study-based NMR provides novel evidence and replication for genome-wide association of CYP2A6 single nucleotide and insertion–deletion polymorphisms. We identify three regions of genome-wide significance: proximal, intronic, and distal to CYP2A6. We replicate the top-ranking sing...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - August 9, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Baurley, J. W., Edlund, C. K., Pardamean, C. I., Conti, D. V., Krasnow, R., Javitz, H. S., Hops, H., Swan, G. E., Benowitz, N. L., Bergen, A. W. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Assessing Discrimination of Nicotine in Humans Via Cigarette Smoking
Conclusions:
With sufficient training exposures, smokers can discriminate nicotine between cigarettes differing in nicotine contents.
Implications:
The interoceptive stimulus effects of nicotine are critical to understanding reinforcement from cigarette smoking behavior. Because of the very recent availability of Spectrum research cigarettes from NIDA, with specific known amounts of nicotine content, the study of nicotine discrimination in humans via cigarette smoking may now be feasible. Our results demonstrate that, with sufficient training, smokers can behaviorally discriminate nicotine from four puffs’ exposure ...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - August 9, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Perkins, K. A., Kunkle, N., Michael, V. C., Karelitz, J. L., Donny, E. C. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Functional Connectivity During Exposure to Favorite-Food, Stress, and Neutral-Relaxing Imagery Differs Between Smokers and Nonsmokers
Conclusions:
These findings provide data-driven insights into smoking-related alterations in brain functional connectivity patterns related to appetitive, relaxing, and stressful states.
Implications:
This study uses a data-driven approach to demonstrate that smokers and nonsmokers show differential patterns of functional connectivity during guided imagery related to personalized favorite-food, stress, and neutral-relaxing cues, in brain regions implicated in attention, reward-related, emotional, and motivational processes. For smokers, these differences in connectivity may impact appetite, stress, and relaxation, and may...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - August 9, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Garrison, K. A., Sinha, R., Lacadie, C. M., Scheinost, D., Jastreboff, A. M., Constable, R. T., Potenza, M. N. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Nicotine Dependence and Urinary Nicotine, Cotinine and Hydroxycotinine Levels in Daily Smokers
Conclusions:
There are significant relationships between urinary levels of nicotine, cotinine, and hydroxycotinine and the FTND score. Especially the FTND question about TTFC is relevant for explaining the biomarker concentrations. CPD (below 15) was significantly explained by four FTND dependence items and urinary cotinine levels in a regression model.
Implications:
We investigated associations between urinary levels of nicotine, cotinine, and hydroxycotinine in daily smokers and the FTND scores for nicotine dependence. We did not find association between the hydroxycotinine/cotinine ratio and CPD. We developed a model t...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - August 9, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Van Overmeire, I. P. I., De Smedt, T., Dendale, P., Nackaerts, K., Vanacker, H., Vanoeteren, J. F. A., Van Laethem, D. M. G., Van Loco, J., De Cremer, K. A. J. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Smoking Topography Characteristics of Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes, With and Without Nicotine Replacement, in Smokers With Schizophrenia and Controls
Conclusions:
These findings indicate that acute use of VLNC cigarettes does not increase intensity of smoking in SS, and support the feasibility of a nicotine reduction policy.
Implications:
Reducing the nicotine in cigarettes to a minimally addictive level has been proposed as a means of reducing tobacco dependence. However, smokers, particularly those with schizophrenia (SS) may alter their puffing in an attempt to extract more nicotine from VLNC cigarettes. This study compared smoking topography of usual brand versus VLNC cigarettes, combined with placebo or transdermal nicotine patches, in SS and controls. Although so...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - August 9, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Tidey, J. W., Cassidy, R. N., Miller, M. E. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Including Underrepresented Subgroups of Smokers in Tobacco Regulation Research
(Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - August 9, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Weinberger, A. H. Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Table_of_Contents
(Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - August 9, 2016 Category: Addiction Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
Subscriptions
(Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - August 9, 2016 Category: Addiction Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
Editorial_Board
(Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - August 9, 2016 Category: Addiction Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
Cover
(Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - August 9, 2016 Category: Addiction Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
