What Drives Tobacco Control Policy?
(Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - July 11, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Nitzkin, J. L. Tags: Letter Source Type: research
Economic Impact of Smoke-Free Air Laws in North Dakota on Restaurants and Bars
Conclusions:
This study examines the economic impact of smoke-free air laws in North Dakota on restaurant and bar employment following the expansion of the statewide law in late 2012 to cover all restaurants and bars. We find no significant adverse effect of smoke-free air laws on restaurants and bars, consistent with results from previous studies conducted in North Dakota and throughout the United States.
Implications:
This study is the first to analyze the economic impact of smoke-free air laws in North Dakota on restaurant and bar employment following the 2012 expansion of the statewide law to cover all restaurants and...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - July 11, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Shafer, P. R., Loomis, B. R. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
Time to Smoke: Facilitating Smoking Breaks in Mental Health Inpatient Settings
Conclusions:
Considerable time and resources is being used to facilitate smoking in mental health hospitals with smoke-free policies which allow smoking in hospital grounds. This resource could be redirected to provide evidence-based care that improves health and wellbeing, such as tobacco dependence treatment.
Implications:
This study is the first to estimate the time and opportunity costs of facilitating smoking across different wards in a mental health setting in the United Kingdom. Health care resources are scarce, including staff time. Every time staff facilitate smoking, clinical time is diverted away from therapeut...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - July 11, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Robson, D., Yates, M., Craig, T. J. K., Healey, A., McNeill, A. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
Cell Phone Ownership and Service Plans Among Low-Income Smokers: The Hidden Cost of Quitlines
Conclusion:
Among low-income smokers, cell phones are often the sole telephone. Robust use of the QL may impose a substantial burden on low-income smokers’ calling plans, and therefore deter use of the QL. Exempting calls to QLs from counting against smokers’ plans may help promote QL utilization.
Implications:
Low-income individuals have high rates of smoking, and are more likely to own only cell phones, not landlines, for telephone access. Because cell phone calling plans often have limited numbers of monthly minutes, cell-only individuals may have to spend a substantial proportion of their monthly minutes o...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - July 11, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Bernstein, S. L., Rosner, J.-M., Toll, B. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
The Case to Include Brand of Moist Snuff in Health Surveys
Conclusions:
Differences among the three categories of snuff users are likely attributed to variations in marketing campaigns. The differences are sufficient to warrant inclusion of snuff brand in health surveys because brand type could serve as a proxy measure for snuff use and dependence.
Implications:
Inclusion of brand of moist snuff in health surveys will enable researchers to categorize snuff users by brand type. Findings from this study indicate that brand type, defined according to cost (ie, discount vs. premium brands) and type of preferred snuff (ie, snus vs. other moist snuff), can distinguish snuff users by va...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - July 11, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Timberlake, D. S. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
The Influence of State-Specific Quitline Numbers on Call Volume During a National Tobacco Education Campaign Promoting 1-800-QUIT-NOW
Conclusions:
The Tips campaign had the same effect in increasing calls to 1-800-QUIT-NOW in states with and without alternate quitline numbers and had a modest spillover effect on calls to California’s alternate number. States may consider the advantages and disadvantages of having alternate quitline numbers given continued national promotions of 1-800-QUIT-NOW.
Implications:
This is the first study that assesses whether the impact of a national tobacco education campaign promoting the national quitline portal number was influenced by the presence of state-specific quitline numbers and whether there was any spillove...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - July 11, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Zhang, L., Malarcher, A., Mann, N., Campbell, K., Davis, K., Anderson, C., Alexander, R., Rodes, R. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Spring Breaks and Cigarette Tax Noncompliance: Evidence From a New York City College Sample
Conclusion:
College students practice tax avoidance, drawing on legal purchases from their own home states as the primary source of cheap cigarettes. As stocks decline, some students shift to tax evasion by illegally purchasing cigarettes in New York City that have been bootlegged from low tax states (eg, Virginia).
Implications:
Our study adds to the growing literature on cigarette tax noncompliance (ie, tax avoidance and evasion). First, we provide evidence that college students in our New York City sample avoid the payment of taxes in high tax states by purchasing low taxed cigarettes in their home state. Second, we fi...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - July 11, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Consroe, K., Kurti, M., Merriman, D., von Lampe, K. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
How Tobacco Companies are Perceived Within the United Kingdom: An Online Panel
Conclusions:
The findings suggest that consumers are not fully informed about tobacco company practices.
Implications:
Few studies outside of North America have explored perceptions of tobacco companies’ practices, values and regulation and responsibility for smoking-related illness. Adults surveyed within the United Kingdom considered tobacco companies dishonest, unethical and untrustworthy, but only a third of the sample thought that they encourage new smokers or have made cigarettes more addictive, and just over a half attributed most of the responsibility for smoking-related health problems to tobacco companies....
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - July 11, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Moodie, C., Sinclair, L., Mackintosh, A. M., Power, E., Bauld, L. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Effect of Electronic Cigarette Use on the Urge-to-Cough Sensation
Conclusions:
A single session of e-cig use, approximating nicotine exposure of one tobacco cigarette, induces significant inhibition of the Cu, as well as C5. Previous studies implicate nicotine as the agent responsible for suppression of C5, and we hypothesize a similar role for nicotine in the suppression of the Cu. Given our observation of the effect of a single e-cig exposure, studies of the respiratory physiologic implications of repeated or chronic e-cig use are warranted.
Implications:
This is the first study to demonstrate that a single exposure to an e-cig significantly inhibits the Cu as measured by capsaicin co...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - July 11, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Dicpinigaitis, P. V., Lee Chang, A., Dicpinigaitis, A. J., Negassa, A. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Feasibility of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems in Surgical Patients
Conclusion:
ENDS use is feasible in adult smokers scheduled for elective surgery and is associated with a reduction in perioperative cigarette consumption. These results support further exploration of ENDS as a means to help surgical patients reduce or eliminate their cigarette consumption around the time of surgery.
Implications:
Smoking in the perioperative period increases patients’ risk for surgical complications and healing difficulties, but new strategies are needed to help patients quit or cut down during this stressful time. These pilot data suggest that ENDS use is feasible and well-accepted in surgical pat...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - July 11, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Nolan, M., Leischow, S., Croghan, I., Kadimpati, S., Hanson, A., Schroeder, D., Warner, D. O. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
American Spirit Pack Descriptors and Perceptions of Harm: A Crowdsourced Comparison of Modified Packs
Conclusions:
Data suggest that these AS pack descriptors communicate reduced harm messages to consumers. Findings have implications for regulatory actions related to product labeling and packaging.
Implications:
These findings provide additional evidence that the "Made with Organic Tobacco," "100% Additive-Free," and "100% US Grown" descriptors, as well as other aspects of the AS pack design, communicate reduced harm to non-, current, and former smokers. Additionally, they provide support for the importance of FDA’s 2015 warning to Santa Fe Natural Tobacco Company on "100% Additive Free" as an unauthorized modified ...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - July 11, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Pearson, J. L., Richardson, A., Feirman, S. P., Villanti, A. C., Cantrell, J., Cohn, A., Tacelosky, M., Kirchner, T. R. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Trends and Factors Related to Smokeless Tobacco Use in the United States
Conclusions:
Declines in SLT use were found in the United States, suggesting tobacco control has had positive impacts, but these have slowed since 2003. Targeting tobacco control policies to at-risk demographic groups is needed to further reduce SLT use in the United States.
Implications:
This study confirms that the declines in SLT use prevalence stopped in 2003 across different demographic groups, consistent with trends in SLT consumption. In addition, the longer period of analysis in comparison with earlier studies allows for quantitative characterization of SLT use trends using joinpoint regression. The study also sho...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - July 11, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Chang, J. T., Levy, D. T., Meza, R. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Tobacco Cessation Behaviors Among Older Homeless Adults: Results From the HOPE HOME Study
Conclusions:
In this study of tobacco use in older homeless adults, rates of quit attempts were similar to that observed in the general population, but successful quitting was lower.
Implications:
The current study is among the first studies to focus specifically on tobacco use and cessation behaviors among older homeless adults. The high prevalence of smoking and the low rates of successful quitting highlight numerous opportunities to intervene to increase quitting rates among this population. Among these, increasing access to smoke-free living environments and identifying effective cessation therapies will be critical t...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - July 11, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Vijayaraghavan, M., Tieu, L., Ponath, C., Guzman, D., Kushel, M. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Smoking Among Pregnant Women in Outpatient Treatment for Opioid Dependence: A Qualitative Inquiry
Conclusions:
Participants were motivated to quit smoking, but faced multiple complex barriers. Integrating tobacco treatment into the psychosocial services offered in conjunction with MAT would allow a healthcare provider to offer tailored tobacco treatment in a supportive environment.
Implications:
Results of this qualitative study include facilitators and barriers to engaging in tobacco treatment among pregnant, opioid dependent women receiving MAT, as well as strategies to tailor tobacco treatment interventions for this population. In-depth knowledge of the complex barriers facing this patient population can be used to...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - July 11, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Fallin, A., Miller, A., Ashford, K. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Smoking and Its Determinants in Chinese Internal Migrants: Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Data Analyses
Conclusions:
The sociodemographic features, work pressure, and migration-related features were sex-dependent determinants of smoking rates. These factors need to be considered when planning tobacco control interventions among migrants.
Implications:
Our study was the first to analyze a nationally representative Chinese migrant sample with respect to smoking, its differential rates across various subgroups, and its determinants. Our results provided overall levels of migrant smoking rates. The findings also demonstrated the influences of sex, other sociodemographic variables, migration-related factors, work pressure, and s...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - July 11, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Ji, Y., Liu, S., Zhao, X., Jiang, Y., Zeng, Q., Chang, C. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
