The Association Between Treatment Adherence to Nicotine Patches and Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Conclusion:
Women who were more adherent to NRT were more likely to achieve abstinence; more nicotine dependent women probably showed lower adherence to NRT because they relapsed to smoking more quickly. The interaction between nicotine-containing patches and adherence for cessation suggests that the association between adherence with nicotine patches and cessation may be partly causal.
Implications:
This study used placebo randomized controlled trial data to investigate both associations between women’s characteristics and adherence to NRT patch treatment, and the relationship between adherence to NRT patch treatme...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - September 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Vaz, L. R., Aveyard, P., Cooper, S., Leonardi-Bee, J., Coleman, T., on behalf of the SNAP Trial Team Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Combination Nicotine Metered Dose Inhaler and Nicotine Patch for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Conclusion:
Inhaled nicotine from a metered dose inhaler combined with a nicotine patch substantially improves abstinence for 6 months amongst adult nicotine dependant smokers wanting to quit.
Implications:
In 2012, we published a systematic review of the use nicotine by inhalation in this journal. At that time we were unable to find any studies that had measured the effects of nicotine delivery by pMDI on smoking cessation, and we are not aware of any since 2012. Our study is the first to look at nicotine by pMDI in smoking cessation. The present trial demonstrates that a simple nonproprietary nicotine inhaler, using rel...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - September 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Caldwell, B. O., Crane, J. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
A Randomized Trial Comparing the Effect of Nicotine Versus Placebo Electronic Cigarettes on Smoking Reduction Among Young Adult Smokers
Conclusion:
A diverse young adult sample of current everyday smokers, who were not ready to quit, was able to reduce smoking with the help of ECs. Further study is needed to establish the role of both placebo and nicotine containing ECs in increasing both reduction and subsequent cessation.
Implications:
Despite the critical need for well-designed clinical trials on the effect of ECs on cessation and cigarette reduction, the majority of studies have been observational or noncomparative intervention designs. Only three RCTs studying ECs as a cessation or reduction intervention have been published, and none were conducted i...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - September 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Tseng, T.-Y., Ostroff, J. S., Campo, A., Gerard, M., Kirchner, T., Rotrosen, J., Shelley, D. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Electronic Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation: A Systematic Review
Conclusions:
While the majority of studies demonstrate a positive relationship between e-cigarette use and smoking cessation, the evidence remains inconclusive due to the low quality of the research published to date. Well-designed randomized controlled trials and longitudinal, population studies are needed to further elucidate the role of e-cigarettes in smoking cessation.
Implications:
This is the most comprehensive systematic evidence review to examine the relationship between e-cigarette use and smoking cessation among smokers. This review offers balanced and rigorous qualitative and quantitative analyses of published...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - September 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Malas, M., van der Tempel, J., Schwartz, R., Minichiello, A., Lightfoot, C., Noormohamed, A., Andrews, J., Zawertailo, L., Ferrence, R. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Electronic Cigarettes and Smoking Cessation
(Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - September 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Bauld, L. Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Table_of_Contents
(Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - September 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
Subscriptions
(Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - September 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
Editorial_Board
(Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - September 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
Cover
(Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - September 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
Nicotine Enhances Footshock- and Lithium Chloride-Conditioned Place Avoidance in Male Rats
Conclusions:
These results demonstrate that the ability of NIC to enhance motivated behavior extends to behaviors elicited by aversive stimuli, evidence that NIC affects behavior motivated by a broader range of stimuli than previously appreciated.
Implications:
The current study examined whether the reinforcement enhancement properties of NIC apply to aversive stimuli by testing NIC enhancement of conditioned place avoidance in rats. The results demonstrate that NIC enhances the motivational impact of these distinct aversive stimuli, providing novel evidence that NIC affects behavior motivated by a broader range of stimul...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - August 9, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Buffalari, D. M., Mollica, J. K., Smith, T. T., Schassburger, R. L., Rinaman, L., Thiels, E., Donny, E. C., Sved, A. F. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
Cigarette Cue Attentional Bias in Cocaine-Smoking and Non-Cocaine-Using Cigarette Smokers
Conclusions:
Cocaine-smoking cigarettes smokers display an initial orienting bias toward cigarette cues, but not sustained cigarette AB. The incentive motivation underlying cigarette smoking also differs. Cocaine smokers report more urgent desire to smoke to relieve negative affect. Identifying differences in motivation to smoke cigarettes may provide new treatment targets for cigarette and cocaine use disorders.
Implications:
These results suggest that cocaine-smoking cigarette smokers display an initial orienting bias towards cigarette cues, but not sustained attention towards cigarette cues, relative to non-cocaine-usi...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - August 9, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Marks, K. R., Alcorn, J. L., Stoops, W. W., Rush, C. R. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
Implications of Tobacco Industry Research on Packaging Colors for Designing Health Warning Labels
Conclusions:
Tobacco industry research on pack color choices that make pack elements more prominent, attract and keep consumers’ attention, and convey danger instead of health should guide governments in specifying requirements for HWLs. These factors suggest that HWLs printed on a yellow background with black lettering and borders would most effectively seize and keep consumers’ attention and signal the danger of cigarettes and other tobacco products.
Implications:
Tobacco companies’ internal research on improving the prominence of pack elements suggests that HWLs using black lettering on a contrasting ...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - August 9, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Lempert, L. K., Glantz, S. A. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
The Effect of Different Case Definitions of Current Smoking on the Discovery of Smoking-Related Blood Gene Expression Signatures in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Conclusion:
A combined phenotype of eCO and self report allows for better discovery of genes and pathways related to current smoking.
Implications:
Studies relying only on self report of smoking status to assess or adjust for the impact of smoking may not fully capture its effect and will lead to residual confounding of results. (Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - August 9, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Obeidat, M., Ding, X., Fishbane, N., Hollander, Z., Ng, R. T., McManus, B., Tebbutt, S. J., Miller, B. E., Rennard, S., Pare, P. D., Sin, D. D. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Real-Time Measurement of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Size Distribution and Metals Content Analysis
Conclusions:
E-cigarette aerosol size distribution is different from that of combustible tobacco smoke. E-cigarettes generate high concentrations of nanoparticles and their chemical content requires further investigation. Despite the small mass of nanoparticles, their toxicological impact could be significant. Toxic chemicals that are attached to the small nanoparticles may have greater adverse health effects than when attached to larger submicron particles.
Implications:
The e-cigarette aerosol size distribution is different from that of combustible tobacco smoke and typically exhibits a bimodal behavior with comparable ...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - August 9, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Mikheev, V. B., Brinkman, M. C., Granville, C. A., Gordon, S. M., Clark, P. I. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Mainstream Smoke Levels of Volatile Organic Compounds in 50 U.S. Domestic Cigarette Brands Smoked With the ISO and Canadian Intense Protocols
Conclusions:
Overall, machine generated "vapor phase" amounts (µg/cigarette) are primarily attributed to smoking protocol (e.g., blocking of vent holes, puff volume, and puff duration) and filter ventilation. A possible cause for the disproportionate increase in monoaromatic compounds could be increased pyrolysis under low oxygen conditions associated with the CI protocol.
Implications:
This is the most comprehensive assessment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in cigarette smoke to date, encompassing 21 toxic VOCs, 50 different cigarette brand varieties, and 2 different machine smoking protocols (ISO and CI). Fo...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - August 9, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Pazo, D. Y., Moliere, F., Sampson, M. M., Reese, C. M., Agnew-Heard, K. A., Walters, M. J., Holman, M. R., Blount, B. C., Watson, C. H., Chambers, D. M. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
