E-Cigarettes and the Drug Use Patterns of Adolescents
Conclusions:
The proportion of e-cigarette users who do not use traditional drugs of abuse is larger at younger ages. Longitudinal panel studies starting at 8th and 10th grades may best inform the current debate on whether e-cigarette use is a risk or protective factor for future transition to the use of other substances.
Implications:
The proportion of e-cigarette users who do not use traditional drugs of abuse is larger at younger ages. Longitudinal panel studies starting at 8th and 10th grades may best inform the current debate on whether e-cigarette use is a risk or protective factor for future transition to the use o...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Miech, R. A., OMalley, P. M., Johnston, L. D., Patrick, M. E. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Vaping as a Catalyst for Smoking? An Initial Model on the Initiation of Electronic Cigarette Use and the Transition to Tobacco Smoking Among Adolescents
Conclusion:
Our model provides causal hypotheses for the initiation of e-cigarette use and for the potential transition to tobacco smoking which, after being tested in empirical studies, could lead to the formulation of concrete recommendations for healthcare intervention and prevention measures.
Implications:
We developed a model that provides causal hypotheses for the initiation of e-cigarette use and for the potential transition to tobacco smoking. (Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Schneider, S., Diehl, K. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Contractile Changes in the Vasculature After Subchronic Smoking: A Comparison Between Wild Type and Surfactant Protein D Knock-Out Mice
Conclusion:
The contractility to UDP was altered in the brain and heart vasculature of CSE mice. SP-D KO (both control and CSE) and CSE WT had similar changes in contractility compared to control WT.
Implications:
These results show that sub-chronic smoking induces vascular changes in the WT, mainly for the purinergic P2Y6 receptor together with minor changes for the endothelin-1 receptor. SP-D KO (both control and CSE) does not show any further changes compared to CSE WT. (Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Haanes, K. A., Kruse, L. S., Wulf-Johansson, H., Stottrup, C. C., Sorensen, G. L., Edvinsson, L. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
CYP2A6 Effects on Subjective Reactions to Initial Smoking Attempt
Conclusions:
Intermediate CDPR-enhanced pleasurable effects of the initial smoking attempt relative to other CYP2A6 variants. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that the risk effect of Intermediate CDPR on early smoking is a function of optimal pleasurable effects.
Implications:
This study supports our recent hypothesis that CYP2A6 diplotypes that encode intermediate nicotine metabolism rate are associated with enhanced pleasurable events following the initial smoking attempt, compared with diplotypes that encode either normal or slow metabolism. This hypothesis was offered to account for our unexpected previo...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Cannon, D. S., Mermelstein, R. J., Medina, T. R., Pugach, O., Hedeker, D., Weiss, R. B. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
Influence of the A118G Polymorphism of the OPRM1 Gene and Exon 3 VNTR Polymorphism of the DRD4 Gene on Cigarette Craving After Alcohol Administration
Conclusions:
Presence of G allele of the A118G polymorphism of the OPRM1 gene may lead to greater increases in urge to smoke after a high dose of alcohol. Pharmacotherapies targeted to opiate receptors (eg, naltrexone) may be especially helpful in aiding smoking cessation among G carriers who are heavy drinkers. (Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Lechner, W. V., Knopik, V. S., McGeary, J. E., Spillane, N. S., Tidey, J. W., McKee, S. A., Metrik, J., Leventhal, A. M., Rohsenow, D. J., Kahler, C. W. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
