Optimal Carbon Monoxide Criteria to Confirm Smoking Status Among Postpartum Women
Conclusions:
These findings indicate that optimal CO criteria to confirm smoking status remains stable throughout the postpartum year and support a need to utilize CO cutoffs much lower than the standard clinical CO criterion of 8 ppm to confirm abstinence among postpartum women.
Implications:
Findings from the present study confirm the value of CO as a biomarker of smoking status among postpartum women. Results indicate that CO cutoffs of 2 and 3 ppm were optimal for confirming smoking status across the entire postpartum year in both black and white women. These findings offer a replication and extension of previous work...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Emery, R. L., Levine, M. D. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
Youth Preferences for Roll-Your-Own Versus Factory-Made Cigarettes: Trends and Associations in Repeated National Surveys (2006-2013) and Implications for Policy
Conclusions:
RYO use is very high among NZ youth who smoke. Preference for RYO cigarettes amongst longer-term, regular smokers suggests RYO tobacco supports and maintains youth smoking. There was some initial evidence that a 2010 differential tax increase on RYO tobacco was associated with a shift away from usual RYO use amongst those who sourced tobacco from caregivers or friends. Additional measures such as further differential excise tax increases appear warranted. (Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Healey, B., Edwards, R., Hoek, J. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Nicotine Dependence in Adolescence and Physical Health Symptoms in Early Adulthood
Conclusions:
There is continuity of health status over time. ND, depression, and parental factors in adolescence contribute to poor health in early adulthood. The findings highlight not only the role of adolescent behavior, but the importance of the family in the development of young adult health. Reducing smoking, particularly ND, and depression among adolescents and parents will decrease physical health burden. (Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Griesler, P. C., Hu, M.-C., Kandel, D. B. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Nondaily, Low-Rate Daily, and High-Rate Daily Smoking in Young Adults: A 17-Year Follow-Up
Conclusions:
Different patterns of smoking are associated with differences in readiness to quit and confidence in quitting ability. For a considerable proportion of smokers, low-frequency smoking in young adulthood develops into daily smoking by adulthood.
Implications:
Low-frequency smoking, including nondaily smoking, in early adulthood is a significant risk factor for being a daily smoker in the long-term. Cessation interventions should be tailored to low-frequency smokers, taking into account differences between them and heavier smokers in terms of smoking motivation and quitting-related cognitions. (Source: Nicotine ...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Robertson, L., Iosua, E., McGee, R., Hancox, R. J. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Examining the Effects of Parental Influence on Adolescent Smoking Behaviors: A Multilevel Analysis of the Global School-Based Student Health Survey (2003-2011)
Conclusions:
We provided new evidence on the factors related to adolescent smoking in low-income countries, a topic that has received very little attention. We showed that the associations between parental influences and adolescent smoking behaviors are not constant but vary according to the level of economic development. Future research should incorporate this comparative dimension in elaborating and specifying the conditions under which parental influences and other predictors differentially affect adolescent smoking.
Implications:
Prior research on adolescent smoking focused on developed countries. Based on the seconda...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Kim, H. H.-s., Chun, J. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Engaging Parents Who Quit Smoking in Antismoking Socialization of Children: A Novel Approach to Relapse Prevention
Conclusions:
This study is the first to observe that engaging parents who have quit smoking in antismoking socialization of children can lower their odds of relapse. Additional research is needed to replicate this finding and to identify the psychological mechanisms underlying the observed effect.
Implications:
There is a clear the need for research to develop new relapse prevention strategies. This study is the first to observe that engaging parents who have quit smoking in antismoking socialization of children can lower their odds of relapse. (Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Jackson, C., Hayes, K. A., Dickinson, D. M. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Exploration of Incarcerated Mens and Womens Attitudes of Smoking in the Presence of Children and Pregnant Women: Is There a Disparity Between Smoking Attitudes and Smoking Behavior?
Conclusions:
Concern for smoking around children and pregnant women and awareness of ETS risk for pregnant women was not found to be significantly associated with smoking outcomes and requires additional investigation. Among individuals who continue to smoke post-release, effective ETS interventions are needed aimed at protecting children and pregnant women with whom they live. (Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Parker, D. R., Roberts, M. B., van den Berg, J. J., Bock, B., Stein, L. A. R., Martin, R. A., Clarke, J. G. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Improving Public Acceptability of Using Financial Incentives for Smoking Cessation During Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Experiment
Conclusions:
Our low-cost information-based intervention has the potential to improve public acceptability of this efficacious approach to promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy.
Implications:
In this sample of educated young adults, our low-cost information-based intervention substantially improved their acceptability of using financial incentives for smoking cessation during pregnancy. Our intervention can be used to gain public support before implementing this approach as a policy in the general population. One potential concern that needs to be further addressed by future intervention is unfairness of this smoki...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Wen, X., Higgins, S. T., Xie, C., Epstein, L. H. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Understanding Pregnant Smokers Adherence to Nicotine Replacement Therapy During a Quit Attempt: A Qualitative Study
Conclusion:
Many women underused NRT but simultaneously smoked. Challenging negative perceptions about NRT and educating women further about the risks of smoking may encourage them to use NRT products as recommended.
Implications:
These findings add to the research surrounding the efficacy of NRT during pregnancy by providing insight into how pregnant women use NRT during a quit attempt and how this may influence adherence. It may assist health professionals to support pregnant smokers by increasing their understanding about the differing ways in which women use NRT and help them address concerns women may have about the ...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Bowker, K., Campbell, K. A., Coleman, T., Lewis, S., Naughton, F., Cooper, S. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Pregnant Womens Experiences and Views on an "Opt-Out" Referral Pathway to Specialist Smoking Cessation Support: A Qualitative Evaluation
Conclusion:
The opt-out pathway is potentially an acceptable addition to current practice. The women considered CO monitoring to be the most valuable element of the pathway. Women keen to engage with SSS desired a more efficient system of contact.
Implications:
This study presents a unique insight into pregnant women’s views on the implementation of opt-out referrals for smoking cessation. Introducing CO testing and opt-out referrals at the time of antenatal ultrasound examination can potentially increase motivation to stop smoking in pregnancy. The findings demonstrate that facilitating access to SSS was not always...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Sloan, M., Campbell, K. A., Bowker, K., Coleman, T., Cooper, S., Brafman-Price, B., Naughton, F. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Cigarette Smoking Among Working Women of Reproductive Age--United States, 2009-2013
Conclusions:
Cigarette smoking prevalence varies by industry and occupation. Intensifying tobacco control efforts in high prevalence industries and occupations could result in higher cessation rates and improvements in health among women of reproductive age.
Implications:
This study identified discrepancies in cigarette smoking among women of reproductive age across industries and occupations. In the absence of smoke-free local and state laws, employer-established smoke-free policies and workplace cessation programs are important for achieving reduction of tobacco use among women and for protecting other workers’ he...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Mazurek, J. M., England, L. J. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Preference for Flavored Noncombustible Nicotine Products Among Smokers Motivated to Switch From Cigarettes
(Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Meier, E., Isaksson Vogel, R., OConnor, R. J., Severson, H. H., Shields, P. G., Hatsukami, D. K. Tags: Letter Source Type: research
Assessment of the Tobacco Dependence Screener Among Smokeless Tobacco Users
Conclusions:
TDS demonstrated acceptable reliability and concurrent validity among ST users. These findings are consistent with the results of previous cigarette smoking studies evaluating TDS. A self-administered tobacco dependence measure for ST users based on a clinical definition of dependence is an effective tool in research setting.
Implications:
ST dependence research is still evolving. This is the first study of the TDS among ST users providing preliminary evidence about some of the psychometric properties of the scale. Similar to cigarette smokers, TDS is an effective measure of ST dependence. Study showed modera...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Mushtaq, N., Beebe, L. A. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
Associations of Adolescents Cigarette, Waterpipe, and Dual Tobacco Use With Parental Tobacco Use
Conclusions:
This is the first study to examine adolescent cigarette, waterpipe, and dual use with parental tobacco use. Study findings may help development of cessation interventions targeting parental tobacco use to prevent the rising waterpipe and dual use strain of the global tobacco epidemic.
Implications:
(1) Influence of parents’ cigarette smoking on adolescents’ smoking has been demonstrated in earlier studies, however, little is known about how tobacco use behaviors of mother and father influences an adolescent’s cigarette, waterpipe and dual cigarette/waterpipe use. (2) Associations of parental...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Veeranki, S. P., Alzyoud, S., Dierking, L., Kheriallah, K., Mzayek, F., Pbert, L., Ward, K. D. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
Gaining Insights Into the Waterpipe Tobacco Industry: Participant Observation and a Cross-Sectional Survey of Products at a Trade Exhibition
Conclusions:
Electronic waterpipe products were the main feature of this exhibition. Waterpipe tobacco substitutes are likely to be produced by the waterpipe tobacco industry whereas electronic waterpipes are not. There is a developing interest in waterpipe-related products by transnational tobacco corporations. Further industry surveillance is warranted. (Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Jawad, M., Nakkash, R. T., Hawkins, B., Akl, E. A. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
