Progesterone and Postpartum Smoking Relapse: A Pilot Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial
Conclusions:
Although the study was not powered to evaluate abstinence rates, we did observe a higher prevalence of abstinence at week 4 in the PRO group. Further, exogenous progesterone was well tolerated and did not adversely affect depressive symptoms or breastfeeding. Thus, the results of this pilot study indicate further investigation into progesterone as a postpartum relapse prevention strategy is warranted.
Implications:
This innovative pilot trial determined the feasibility of delivering exogenous progesterone as a potential prevention of postpartum smoking relapse. We observed high retention and moderate adherenc...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - October 7, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Allen, S. S., Allen, A. M., Lunos, S., Tosun, N. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Link Between Perceived Body Weight and Smoking Behavior Among Adolescents
This study investigates a relationship between overweight perception and smoking among adolescents.
Methods:
Data were retrieved from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), a biennial survey of a nationally representative sample of students in grades 9 through 12 in the United States. We analyze five waves of repeated cross-sections (N = 73 376) for the years 2005–2013. We estimate a recursive simultaneous-equations system in which body weight perception, which is a function of actual weight, influences smoking status. Outcome measures are binary indicators for current smoking and frequent current smoking. Perceived...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - October 7, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Yoon, J., Bernell, S. L. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Deniers and Admitters: Examining Smoker Identities in a Changing Tobacco Landscape
Conclusions:
Findings suggest that deniers perceive lower harm from using tobacco products. Tax increases may be less effective at motivating quit attempts in deniers compared to admitters, implying that cessation programs tailored to specific smoking identities could usefully complement tax increases.
Implications:
Findings from this study suggest that tobacco tax increases should be coordinated with health promotion interventions to address occasional and social smoking. The denier phenomenon in particular is an important identity-based construct that population-level public health practice should consider in order to d...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - October 7, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Kingsbury, J. H., Parks, M. J., Amato, M. S., Boyle, R. G. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Characteristics of American Indian/Alaskan Native Quitline Callers Across 14 States
Conclusions:
These findings stress the critical need for tailored efforts to better reach AI/AN commercial tobacco users who are considering treatment, in order to make meaningful gains in commercial tobacco cessation for this vulnerable population.
Implications:
These findings demonstrate the disproportionate impact of commercial tobacco use on the AI/AN population who utilizes quitline services. These data stress the critical need for tailored efforts to better reach AI/AN commercial tobacco users who are considering treatment, in order to make meaningful gains in commercial tobacco cessation for this vulnerable populat...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - October 7, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Lukowski, A. V., Young, S. E., Morris, C. D., Tinkelman, D. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
US Smokers Beliefs, Experiences and Perceptions of Different Cigarette Variants Before and After the FSPTCA Ban on Misleading Descriptors Such as "Light," "Mild," or "Low"
Conclusions:
Policies implemented to reduce smoker misperceptions that some cigarettes are safer than others appear to have had little impact. Because of pack colors, color terms, descriptors such as "smooth," cigarette taste or feel, and possibly other characteristics, millions of smokers continue to believe, inaccurately, that they can reduce their harms and risks by smoking one cigarette brand or sub-brand instead of another, which may be delaying or reducing smoking cessation.
Implications:
What this study adds: This study confirms that US policies to reduce smoker misperceptions that some cigarettes are less harmful...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - October 7, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Yong, H.-H., Borland, R., Cummings, K. M., Lindblom, E. N., Li, L., Bansal-Travers, M., OConnor, R. J., Elton-Marshall, T., Thrasher, J. F., Hammond, D., Thompson, M. E., Partos, T. R. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Changes in Social Capital and Cigarette Smoking Behavior Over Time: A Population-Based Panel Study of Temporal Relationships
Conclusions:
Initial marital breakdown predicted a high risk of smoking relapse/initiation. The timing of this life event provides a critical window where adverse smoking behavior might occur. Conversely, the positive effects of active social participation on cigarette cessation remained consistent, its absence further predicting smoking relapse/initiation. Robustness of results confirms the important role that active participation has on cigarette smoking behavior. Group smoking cessation interventions could harness participatory elements to better achieve their goals.
Implications:
By investigating temporal relationship...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - October 7, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Lindström, M., Giordano, G. N. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
The Difference a Decade Makes: Smoking Cessation Counseling and Screening at Pediatric Visits
Conclusion:
These results demonstrate a significant increase in tobacco counseling by pediatric providers within the last decade, especially at well-child visits. However, the American Academy of Pediatrics’ recommendation that pediatricians counsel about the harms of tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure has not yet been exhaustively implemented.
Implications:
A significant increase in smoking cessation counseling at pediatric medical appointments, especially at well-child visits, occurred from 2009–2011 compared with 1997–1999, paralleling a large decrease in smoking prevalence. These improvements ...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - October 7, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Cawkwell, P. B., Lee, L., Shearston, J., Sherman, S. E., Weitzman, M. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Impact of Total Vending Machine Restrictions on US Young Adult Smoking
Conclusions:
Total vending machine restrictions appear to be an effective, yet highly underutilized, means of tobacco control.
Implications:
Past scientific inquiries examining vending machine restrictions have focused upon minor access, adolescent perceptions of availability, and subsequent smoking. The potential for total vending machine restrictions, which extend to adult-only facilities, to influence patterns of smoking among those of legal age, remains significant. Those who are subject to total vending machine restrictions for longer periods are less likely to have recently smoked, but individuals do not change thei...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - October 7, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Vuolo, M., Kelly, B. C., Kadowaki, J. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Implementation of the Tobacco-Free Campus Policy on College Campuses: Evidence From a Survey of College Students in Beijing
Conclusions:
The TFCP on Chinese college campuses was only partially enforced, particularly with regard to SHS.
Implications:
On January 29, 2014, the Chinese Ministry of Education issued the TFCP. A major barrier to effective tobacco control in China is the difficulty in implementing policies issued by the central government. At this point, it is unclear whether the TFCP was successfully implemented on China’s college campuses. Major tobacco use monitoring efforts do not include college students. The present research describes the current tobacco control environment on Beijing’s college campuses 15 months aft...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - October 7, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Gong, M., Liang, Z.-Y., Zhang, Y.-Y., Shadel, W. G., Zhou, L., Xiao, J. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Smoke-Free Homes and Youth Smoking Behavior in Italy: Findings From the SIDRIAT Longitudinal Study
Conclusions:
Household smoke-free policies had a significant impact in protecting youths from becoming established smokers.
Implications:
The results of the SIDRIAT longitudinal study showed that youths living in homes where people smoked at baseline were twice as likely to become established smokers 11 years later at follow-up, compared with youths living in SFH. The lower number of established smokers among youths living in SFH at baseline was recorded not only in households with nonsmoking parents but also in those with smoking parents. Implementing a home smoking ban is recommended in all households. Living in homes w...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - October 7, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Gorini, G., Carreras, G., Cortini, B., Verdi, S., Petronio, M. G., Sestini, P., Chellini, E. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Among Nonsmokers in New York City in the Context of Recent Tobacco Control Policies: Current Status, Changes Over the Past Decade, and National Comparisons
Conclusions:
There has been a large decrease in secondhand smoke exposure in NYC, although disparities persist. The decrease may be the result of successful policies to limit exposure to secondhand smoke in public places and of smokers smoking fewer cigarettes per day. Yet NYC residents still experience more secondhand smoke exposure than US residents overall. Possible explanations include multiunit housing, greater population density, and pedestrian exposure.
Implications:
Measuring exposure to secondhand smoke can be difficult, and few studies have monitored changes over time. This study uses serum cotinine, a nicotine ...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - October 7, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Perlman, S. E., Chernov, C., Farley, S. M., Greene, C. M., Aldous, K. M., Freeman, A., Rodriguez-Lopez, J., Thorpe, L. E. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Secondhand Smoke Enhances Lung Cancer Risk in Male Smokers: An Interaction
Conclusions:
High level of SHS exposure greatly enhanced lung cancer risk among current smokers, consistent with an additive interaction; while this interaction was predominant for the squamous carcinoma. The results provide new evidence to the rationale of promoting global smoking cessation.
Implications:
Some indoor air pollutants can interact with active smoking, yielding a synergistic effect on inducing lung cancer. SHS, with noticeable differences from active smoking, is a major source of indoor air pollution. However, little has been known about the effect of SHS in smokers and whether there is a similar interaction...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - October 7, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Li, W., Tse, L. A., Au, J. S. K., Wang, F., Qiu, H., Yu, I. T.-S. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Association Between Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Periodontitis Endpoints Among Nonsmokers
Conclusions:
There appears to be a positive association between exposure to ETS and prevalent periodontitis endpoints among nonsmokers, the magnitude of which depended mostly on the method of ETS assessment.
Implications:
The notoriety of ETS is often discussed in terms of its associations with cancer, chronic conditions like cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory illnesses in children. However, very little attention is paid to its association with oral diseases, especially periodontitis. Periodontitis affects a large proportion of the population and is a major cause of tooth loss. This study summarized the epidemiologi...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - October 7, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Akinkugbe, A. A., Slade, G. D., Divaris, K., Poole, C. Tags: Review Source Type: research
New Research on Secondhand Smoke: Implications for Research and Practice
(Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - October 7, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Edwards, R. Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Table_of_Contents
(Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - October 7, 2016 Category: Addiction Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
