Role of mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer progression
Deregulated cellular energetics was one of the cancer hallmarks. Several underlying mechanisms of deregulated cellular energetics are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction caused by mitochondrial DNA mutations, mitochondrial enzyme defects, or altered oncogenes/tumor suppressors. In this review, we summarize the current understanding about the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer progression. Point mutations and copy number changes are the two most common mitochondrial DNA alterations in cancers, and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by chemical depletion of mitochondrial DNA or impairment of mitochondrial respi...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - June 13, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Hsu, C.-C., Tseng, L.-M., Lee, H.-C. Tags: Biochemistry & amp;amp; Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Regulation of lipid deposition in farm animals: Parallels between agriculture and human physiology
For many years, clinically oriented scientists and animal scientists have focused on lipid metabolism and fat deposition in various fat depots. While dealing with a common biology across species, the goals of biomedical and food animals lipid metabolism research differ in emphasis. In humans, mechanisms and regulation of fat synthesis, accumulation of fat in regional fat depots, lipid metabolism and dysmetabolism in adipose, liver and cardiac tissues have been investigated. Further, energy balance and weight control have also been extensively explored in humans. Finally, obesity and associated maladies including high chole...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - June 13, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Bergen, W. G., Brandebourg, T. D. Tags: Biochemistry & amp;amp; Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Bax-induced apoptosis shortens the life span of DNA repair defect Ku70-knockout mice by inducing emphysema
Cells with DNA damage undergo apoptosis or cellular senescence if the damage cannot be repaired. Recent studies highlight that cellular senescence plays a major role in aging. However, age-associated diseases, including emphysema and neurodegenerative disorders, are caused by apoptosis of lung alveolar epithelial cells and neurons, respectively. Therefore, enhanced apoptosis also promotes aging and shortens the life span depending on the cell type. Recently, we reported that ku70–/–bax–/– and ku70–/–bax+/– mice showed significantly extended life span in comparison with ku70–/...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - June 13, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Matsuyama, S., Palmer, J., Bates, A., Poventud-Fuentes, I., Wong, K., Ngo, J., Matsuyama, M. Tags: Biochemistry & amp;amp; Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Citicoline retards myopia progression following form deprivation in guinea pigs
The retinal dopaminergic system is involved in the myopic shift following form deprivation. Citicoline has been demonstrated to stimulate the dopaminergic system in the brain and retina. Furthermore, citicoline has been used in many neurogenic diseases, such as senile cognitive impairment, stroke and Parkinson's disease as well as in amblyopia and glaucoma. Our aim was to investigate the effect of citicoline on the refractive state and retinal dopamine level in form deprivation myopia of guinea pigs. Guinea pigs, at an age of four weeks, were randomly divided into normal control, deprivation, deprived + citicoline and depr...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - May 31, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Mao, J., Liu, S., Fu, C. Tags: Pharmacology/Toxicology Source Type: research
Effect of silibinin and vitamin E on the ASK1-p38 MAPK pathway in D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide induced hepatotoxicity
In conclusion, silibinin and vitamin E decreased ASK1-p38 MAPK pathway through deactivating the upstream signalling ASK1 molecule via increasing the levels of Trx1 and TrxR1 as well as the PP5 to alleviate in D-GalN/LPS induced hepatotoxicity. (Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine)
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - May 31, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Hashem, R. M., Hassanin, K. M., Rashed, L. A., Mahmoud, M. O., Hassan, M. G. Tags: Pharmacology/Toxicology Source Type: research
Amlodipine and atorvastatin improved hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy through regulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B/osteoprotegerin system in spontaneous hypertension rats
The present study aims to study the role of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/RANK/OPG) system in cardiac hypertrophy in a spontaneous hypertension rat (SHR) model and the effects of amlodipine and atorvastatin intervention. Thirty-six-week-old male SHRs were randomly divided into four groups: 1) SHR control group; 2) amlodipine alone (10 mg/kg/d) group, 3) atorvastatin alone (10 mg/kg/d) group, 4) combination of amlodinpine and atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/d for each) group. Same gender, weight, and age of Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats with normal b...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - May 31, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Lu, J., Liu, F., Liu, D., Du, H., Hao, J., Yang, X., Cui, W. Tags: Pharmacology/Toxicology Source Type: research
Effects of resveratrol and methoxyamine on the radiosensitivity of iododeoxyuridine in U87MG glioblastoma cell line
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the combination effect of resveratrol and methoxyamine on radiosensitivity of iododeoxyuridine in spheroid culture of U87MG glioblastoma cell line using colony formation and alkaline comet assays. Spheroids on day-20 with 350 µm diameters were treated with 20 µM resveratrol and/or 6 mM methoxyamine and/or 1 µM iododeoxyuridine for one volume doubling time (67 h), and then irradiated with 2 Gy gamma-radiation (60Co) in different groups. After treatment, viability of the cells, colony forming ability and DNA damages were obtained by blue dye exclusion, colony format...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - May 31, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Khoei, S., Shoja, M., Mostaar, A., Faeghi, F. Tags: Pharmacology/Toxicology Source Type: research
Involvement of indirectly allostimulated CD4+CD43highCD45RO+ T cell proliferation in the development of chronic allograft nephropathy
The goal of this study was to identify immunological markers for use in antigen-specific assays that predict long-term survival after renal allograft and distinguish stable-functioning (SP) patients from poorly functioning (PP) patients. For this prospective study, 20 patients were enrolled. Eight SP and six PP patients were enrolled in this study. Serum cytokine/chemokine levels were analyzed by the Luminex multiplex assay. To detect indirect alloreactive T cells, we performed indirect mixed lymphocyte reaction using donor-antigen-pulsed autologous dendritic cells as stimulators. Serum induced protein-10 levels were signi...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - May 31, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Wee, Y.-M., Jung, J.-H., Kim, Y.-H., Choi, M.-Y., Kim, Y.-H., Choi, D.-S., Cho, M.-H., Han, D.-J. Tags: Immunology, Microbiology, Virology Source Type: research
9p21 locus rs10757278 is associated with advanced carotid atherosclerosis in a gender-specific manner
In this study, we aimed to analyze the association of rs10757278 A/G polymorphism with carotid plaque presence in advanced carotid atherosclerosis. The study included 803 participants, 486 patients with high-grade stenosis (>70%) who were undergoing carotid endarterectomy and 317 controls from Serbian population. Genotypes were determined using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. According to the recessive model of inheritance, GG genotype was significantly and independently associated with carotid plaque in females only (odds ratio 2.42, CI = 1.20–4.90, P = 0.013). Odds ratio was adjusted for age, body mass ...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - May 31, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Zivotic, I., Djuric, T., Stankovic, A., Djordjevic, A., Koncar, I., Davidovic, L., Alavantic, D., Zivkovic, M. Tags: Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics Source Type: research
Featured Article: Genotation: Actionable knowledge for the scientific reader
We present an article viewer application that allows a scientific reader to easily discover and share knowledge by linking genomics-related concepts to knowledge of disparate biomedical databases. High-throughput data streams generated by technical advancements have contributed to scientific knowledge discovery at an unprecedented rate. Biomedical Informaticists have created a diverse set of databases to store and retrieve the discovered knowledge. The diversity and abundance of such resources present biomedical researchers a challenge with knowledge discovery. These challenges highlight a need for a better informatics sol...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - May 31, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Nagahawatte, P., Willis, E., Sakauye, M., Jose, R., Chen, H., Davis, R. L. Tags: Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics Source Type: research
Nicotinic acid supplementation in diet favored intramuscular fat deposition and lipid metabolism in finishing steers
Nicotinic acid (NA) acting as the precursor of NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH, participates in many biochemical processes, e.g. lipid metabolism. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary NA on carcass traits, meat quality, blood metabolites, and fat deposition in Chinese crossbred finishing steers. Sixteen steers with the similar body weight and at the age of 24 months were randomly allocated into control group (feeding basal diet) and NA group (feeding basal diet + 1000 mg/kg NA). All experimental cattle were fed a 90% concentrate diet and 10% forage straw in a 120-day feeding experiment. The re...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - May 31, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Yang, Z.-Q., Bao, L.-B., Zhao, X.-H., Wang, C.-Y., Zhou, S., Wen, L.-H., Fu, C.-B., Gong, J.-M., Qu, M.-R. Tags: Endocrinology & amp;amp; Nutrition Source Type: research
Discovery and verification of urinary peptides in type 2 diabetes mellitus with kidney injury
Varying degrees of renal injury could lead to different changes in urinary protein composition. We want to find urinary candidate peptide biomarkers in type 2 diabetic patients with different extents of kidney injury. Two sets of patients were recruited. Discovery set: weak cationic-exchange magnetic beads coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used to profile the low-molecular weight peptidome in urine samples from type 2 diabetes patients with normoalbuminura and microalbuminuria. The differently expressed urinary peptides were screened by ClinProTools2.1 bioinforma...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - May 31, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Fu, G., Du, Y., Chu, L., Zhang, M. Tags: Biochemistry & amp;amp; Molecular Biology Source Type: research
HDAC6 activity is not required for basal autophagic flux in metastatic prostate cancer cells
Histone deacetylase 6 is a multifunctional lysine deacetylase that is recently emerging as a central facilitator of response to stress and may play an important role in cancer cell proliferation. The histone deacetylase 6-inhibitor tubacin has been shown to slow the growth of metastatic prostate cancer cells and sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. However, the proteins histone deacetylase 6 interacts with, and thus its role in cancer cells, remains poorly characterized. Histone deacetylase 6 deacetylase activity has recently been shown to be required for efficient basal autophagic flux. Autophagy is often dy...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - May 31, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Watson, G. W., Wickramasekara, S., Fang, Y., Maier, C. S., Williams, D. E., Dashwood, R. H., Perez, V. I., Ho, E. Tags: Biochemistry & amp;amp; Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Preparation and evaluation of reduction-responsive nano-micelles for miriplatin delivery
A reduction-responsive amphiphilic core-shell micelle for miriplatin delivery was prepared and evaluated. A pyrene-terminated poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl acrylate) was synthesized through reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization with 4-cyano-4-(ethylthiocarbonothioylthio) pentanoic acid as reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer reagent and further modified by 2,2'-dithiodiethanol and 1-pyrenebutyric acid. Self-assembled blank micelles and drug-loaded micelles were obtained by dialysis method, and the particle size was proved to be about 40 nm with narrow dispersity by dynamic l...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - May 31, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Zhang, Y., Hu, D., Han, S., Yan, G., Ma, C., Wei, C., Yu, M., Li, D., Sun, Y. Tags: Bionanoscience Source Type: research
Id-1, Id-2, and Id-3 co-expression correlates with prognosis in stage I and II lung adenocarcinoma patients treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy
Inhibitors of DNA binding/inhibitors of differentiation (Id) protein family have been shown to be involved in carcinogenesis. However, the roles of Id during lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) progression remain unclear. Eighty-eight ADC samples were evaluated for Id-1,2,3 level and angiogenesis (CD 34 and VEGF microvessel density) by immunohistochemistry and morphometry. The impact of these markers was tested on follow-up until death or recurrence. A significant difference between tumor and normal tissue was found for Id-1,2,3 expression (P < 0.01). In addition, high levels of nuclear Id-1 were associated with higher angiogenes...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - May 31, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Antonangelo, L., Tuma, T., Fabro, A., Acencio, M., Terra, R., Parra, E., Vargas, F., Takagaki, T., Capelozzi, V. Tags: Anatomy & amp;amp; Pathology Source Type: research
