Hypoxia-inducible miR-152 suppresses the expression of WNT1 and ERBB3, and inhibits the proliferation of cervical cancer cells
Hypoxia has been a research focus in cancer because of its important role in maintaining tumor microenvironments. Previous studies have demonstrated that the expression of several miRNAs was altered under hypoxic conditions, suggesting their crucial roles in the development of cancer. In the present study, the expression of 22 miRNAs reported to be significantly upregulated in cervical cancer tissues was examined. We found that four of these miRNAs were upregulated in response to hypoxia in HeLa cervical cancer cells. MiR-152 was upregulated to the greatest extent and was also found to be upregulated by hypoxia in C33A cel...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - July 7, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Tang, X.-L., Lin, L., Song, L.-N., Tang, X.-H. Tags: Cell & amp;amp; Developmental Biology Source Type: research
Seeding cell approach for tissue-engineered urethral reconstruction in animal study: A systematic review and meta-analysis
We systematically reviewed published preclinical studies to evaluate the effectiveness of cell-seeded tissue engineering approach for urethral reconstruction in an animal model. The outcomes were summarized by success factors in the animal experiments, which evaluate the possibility and feasibility of a clinical application in the future. Preclinical studies of tissue engineering approaches for urethral reconstruction were identified through a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, and Biosis Previews (web of science SP) databases for studies published from 1 January 1980 to 23 November 2014. Primary studies were included if...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - July 7, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Xue, J.-D., Gao, J., Fu, Q., Feng, C., Xie, H. Tags: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
A new heterologous fibrin sealant as a scaffold to cartilage repair--Experimental study and preliminary results
Autologous fibrin gel is commonly used as a scaffold for filling defects in articular cartilage. This biomaterial can also be used as a sealant to control small hemorrhages and is especially helpful in situations where tissue reparation capacity is limited. In particular, fibrin can act as a scaffold for various cell types because it can accommodate cell migration, differentiation, and proliferation. Despite knowledge of the advantages of this biomaterial and mastery of the techniques required for its application, the durability of several types of sealant at the site of injury remains questionable. Due to the importance o...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - July 7, 2016 Category: Research Authors: de Barros, C. N., Miluzzi Yamada, A. L., Junior, R. S. F., Barraviera, B., Hussni, C. A., de Souza, J. B., Watanabe, M. J., Rodrigues, C. A., Garcia Alves, A. L. Tags: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells regenerate bone in a critical-sized ulna segmental defect
This study demonstrated that allogeneic ASCs could promote bone regeneration and repair tubular bone defects combined with DBM by histologically typical bone without systemic immune response (Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine)
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - July 7, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Wen, C., Yan, H., Fu, S., Qian, Y., Wang, D., Wang, C. Tags: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Featured Article: Accelerated decline of physical strength in peroxiredoxin-3 knockout mice
As a member of peroxiredoxin family, peroxiredoxin-3 plays a major role in the control of mitochondrial level of reactive oxygen species. During the breeding of experimental mice, we noticed that the peroxiredoxin-3 knockout mice were listless with aging. In the present study, we compared the swimming exercise performance and oxidative status between peroxiredoxin-3 knockout mice (n = 15) and wild-type littermates (n = 15). At the age of 10 months, the physical strength of peroxiredoxin-3 knockout mice was much lower than the wild-type littermates. Increased oxidative damage and decreased mitochondrial DNA copy number of t...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - July 7, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Zhang, Y.-G., Wang, L., Kaifu, T., Li, J., Li, X., Li, L. Tags: Biochemistry & amp;amp; Molecular Biology Source Type: research
A novel in vitro platform for the study of SN38-induced mucosal damage and the development of Toll-like receptor 4-targeted therapeutic options
Tight junction and epithelial barrier disruption is a common trait of many gastrointestinal pathologies, including chemotherapy-induced gut toxicity. Currently, there are no validated in vitro models suitable for the study of chemotherapy-induced mucosal damage that allow paralleled functional and structural analyses of tight junction integrity. We therefore aimed to determine if a transparent, polyester membrane insert supports a polarized T84 monolayer with the phenotypically normal tight junctions. T84 cells (passage 5–15) were seeded into either 0.6 cm2, 0.4 µm pore mixed-cellulose transwell hanging in...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - July 7, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Wardill, H. R., Gibson, R. J., Van Sebille, Y. Z., Secombe, K. R., Logan, R. M., Bowen, J. M. Tags: Biochemistry & amp;amp; Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Cold-water extracts of Grifola frondosa and its purified active fraction inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo
This study aimed to investigate the effects of the cold-water extract of GF (GFW) and its active fraction (GFW-GF) on autophagy and apoptosis, and the underlying mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. Our results revealed that GFW and GFW-GF inhibited phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and stimulated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways, thereby inducing autophagy. We also demonstrated that GFW and GFW-GF inhibited proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in Hep3B hepatoma cells. GFW and GFW-GF markedly arrested cells in S phase and promoted cleavage of caspase-3 and -9. In addition, GFW and GFW-GF d...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - July 7, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Lin, C.-H., Chang, C.-Y., Lee, K.-R., Lin, H.-J., Lin, W.-C., Chen, T.-H., Wan, L. Tags: Biochemistry & amp;amp; Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Antitumor effects of galectin-3 inhibition in human renal carcinoma cells
In this study, immunohistochemical staining confirmed a high expression of Gal-3 in tumor tissue from renal cell carcinoma. Critically, Gal-3 expression was related to tumor cell differentiation. Consistent with Gal-3 expression in renal cell cancer, strong expression of Gal-3 was also observed in several renal tumor cell lines but not in normal renal cells. A Gal-3 high-expression cell line Caki-1 was chosen to study the biological activity of Gal-3. Using short hairpin RNA method, Gal-3 expression in Caki-1 cells was knocked down. We evidenced that Gal-3 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and invasion, induced Caspas...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - July 7, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Xu, Y., Li, C., Sun, J., Li, J., Gu, X., Xu, W. Tags: Biochemistry & amp;amp; Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Intermittent hypoxia training protects cerebrovascular function in Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of death and disability among older adults. Modifiable vascular risk factors for AD (VRF) include obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, sleep apnea, and metabolic syndrome. Here, interactions between cerebrovascular function and development of AD are reviewed, as are interventions to improve cerebral blood flow and reduce VRF. Atherosclerosis and small vessel cerebral disease impair metabolic regulation of cerebral blood flow and, along with microvascular rarefaction and altered trans-capillary exchange, create conditions favoring AD development. Although currently the...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - June 13, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Manukhina, E. B., Downey, H. F., Shi, X., Mallet, R. T. Tags: Physiology Source Type: research
Inhibitory neurotransmission regulates vagal efferent activity and gastric motility
The gastrointestinal tract receives extrinsic innervation from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which regulate and modulate the function of the intrinsic (enteric) nervous system. The stomach and upper gastrointestinal tract in particular are heavily influenced by the parasympathetic nervous system, supplied by the vagus nerve, and disruption of vagal sensory or motor functions results in disorganized motility patterns, disrupted receptive relaxation and accommodation, and delayed gastric emptying, amongst others. Studies from several laboratories have shown that the activity of vagal efferent moto...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - June 13, 2016 Category: Research Authors: McMenamin, C. A., Travagli, R. A., Browning, K. N. Tags: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Wake me when its over - Bacterial toxin-antitoxin proteins and induced dormancy
Toxin–antitoxin systems are encoded by bacteria and archaea to enable an immediate response to environmental stresses, including antibiotics and the host immune response. During normal conditions, the antitoxin components prevent toxins from interfering with metabolism and arresting growth; however, toxin activation enables microbes to remain dormant through unfavorable conditions that might continue over millions of years. Intense investigations have revealed a multitude of mechanisms for both regulation and activation of toxin–antitoxin systems, which are abundant in pathogenic microorganisms. This minireview...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - June 13, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Coussens, N. P., Daines, D. A. Tags: Immunology, Microbiology, Virology Source Type: research
Prediabetes as a toxic environment for the initiation of microvascular and macrovascular complications
Prediabetes is a state characterized by impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance. Evidence is increasingly demonstrating that prediabetes is a toxic state, in addition to being a harbinger of future development of diabetes mellitus. This minireview discusses the pathophysiology and clinical significance of prediabetes, and approach to its management, in the context of the worldwide diabetes epidemic. The pathophysiologic defects underlying prediabetes include insulin resistance, β cell dysfunction, increased lipolysis, inflammation, suboptimal incretin effect, and possibly hepatic glucose overproduction....
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - June 13, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Brannick, B., Wynn, A., Dagogo-Jack, S. Tags: Endocrinology & amp;amp; Nutrition Source Type: research
Copper, iron, and selenium dietary deficiencies negatively impact skeletal integrity: A review
Nutrients have been known to have a significant role in maintaining the health of the skeleton, both bone and cartilage. The nutrients that have received the majority of the attention are Vitamin D and calcium. However, limited attention has been directed toward three trace elements that may have mechanistic impact upon the skeletal tissues and could compromise skeletal health resulting from inadequate intakes of copper, iron, and selenium. The role of copper and selenium has been known, but the role of iron has only received recent attention. Copper deficiency is thought to impact bone health by a decrease in lysyl oxidas...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - June 13, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Medeiros, D. M. Tags: Endocrinology & amp;amp; Nutrition Source Type: research
Bubbling cell death: A hot air balloon released from the nucleus in the cold
Cell death emanating from the nucleus is largely unknown. In our recent study, we determined that when temperature is lowered in the surrounding environment, apoptosis stops and bubbling cell death (BCD) occurs. The study concerns the severity of frostbite. When exposed to severe cold and strong ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, people may suffer serious damages to the skin and internal organs. This ultimately leads to limb amputations, organ failure, and death. BCD is defined as "formation of a single bubble from the nucleus per cell and release of this swelling bubble from the cell surface to extracellular space that causes ...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - June 13, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Chang, N.-S. Tags: Cell & amp;amp; Developmental Biology Source Type: research
Deciphering signaling networks in osteosarcoma pathobiology
Osteosarcoma is the most frequent type of primary bone tumors among children and adolescents. During the past years, little progress has been made regarding prognosis of osteosarcoma patients, especially for those with metastatic disease. Genomic instability and gene alterations are common, but current data do not reveal a consistent and repeatable pattern of osteosarcoma development, thus paralleling the tumor's high heterogeneity. Critical signal transduction pathways have been implicated in osteosarcoma pathobiology and are being evaluated as therapeutic targets, including receptor activator for nuclear factor-B (RANK),...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - June 13, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Adamopoulos, C., Gargalionis, A. N., Basdra, E. K., Papavassiliou, A. G. Tags: Biochemistry & amp;amp; Molecular Biology Source Type: research
