Gastrin attenuates ischemia-reperfusion-induced intestinal injury in rats
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a devastating complication when the blood supply is reflowed in ischemic organs. Gastrin has critical function in regulating acid secretion, proliferation, and differentiation in the gastric mucosa. We aimed to determine whether gastrin has an effect on intestinal I/R damage. Intestinal I/R injury was induced by 60-min occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery followed by 60-min reperfusion, and the rats were induced to be hypergastrinemic by pretreated with omeprazole or directly injected with gastrin. Some hypergastrinemic rats were injected with cholecystokinin-2 (CCK-2)...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - April 13, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Liu, Z., Luo, Y., Cheng, Y., Zou, D., Zeng, A., Yang, C., Xu, J., Zhan, H. Tags: Physiology Source Type: research
Dynamics of the spleen and its significance in a murine H22 orthotopic hepatoma model
In this study, we established a murine H22 orthotopic hepatoma model and dynamically detected alterations in the percentages of immunocytes in the spleen. We observed a prominent myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) accumulation during the early response which persisted through all the stages of tumor growth. In addition, the percentage of regulatory T cells (Tregs) increased by week 2. Although the percentage of CD3+CD49b+ natural killer T (NKT) cells increased by day 3, and that of CD3+CD4+ T cells slightly increased by week 1, they decreased to either normal or lower levels compared with those of normal mice. The perc...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - April 13, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Li, B., Zhang, S., Huang, N., Chen, H., Wang, P., Li, J., Pu, Y., Yang, J., Li, Z. Tags: Physiology Source Type: research
Membrane depolarization increases ryanodine sensitivity to Ca2+ release to the cytosol in L6 skeletal muscle cells: Implications for excitation-contraction coupling
The dihydropyridine receptor in the plasma membrane and the ryanodine receptor in the sarcoplasmic reticulum are known to physically interact in the process of excitation–contraction coupling. However, the mechanism for subsequent Ca2+ release through the ryanodine receptor is unknown. Our lab has previously presented evidence that the dihydropyridine receptor and ryanodine receptor combine as a channel for the entry of Ca2+ under resting conditions, known as store operated calcium entry. Here, we provide evidence that depolarization during excitation–contraction coupling causes the dihydropyridine receptor to ...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - April 13, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Pitake, S., Ochs, R. S. Tags: Pharmacology/Toxicology Source Type: research
Resveratrol attenuated TNF-{alpha}-induced MMP-3 expression in human nucleus pulposus cells by activating autophagy via AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway
Resveratrol (RSV) is known to play a role of anti-TNF-α in a number of cell types. However, whether RSV modulates the effects of TNF-α on human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells is unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether RSV regulates TNF-α–induced matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) expression. Via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis, we found that MMP-3 expression induced by TNF-α was inhibited by RSV treatment. Depending on Western blot and qRT-PCR assay, we found that RSV induced autophagy in human NP cells, whereas inhibition of autophagy rema...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - April 13, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Wang, X.-H., Zhu, L., Hong, X., Wang, Y.-T., Wang, F., Bao, J.-P., Xie, X.-H., Liu, L., Wu, X.-T. Tags: Endocrinology & amp;amp; Nutrition Source Type: research
Increased fetal myocardial sensitivity to insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism during ovine fetal growth restriction
Unlike other visceral organs, myocardial weight is maintained in relation to fetal body weight in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) fetal sheep despite hypoinsulinemia and global nutrient restriction. We designed experiments in fetal sheep with placental insufficiency and restricted growth to determine basal and insulin-stimulated myocardial glucose and oxygen metabolism and test the hypothesis that myocardial insulin sensitivity would be increased in the IUGR heart. IUGR was induced by maternal hyperthermia during gestation. Control (C) and IUGR fetal myocardial metabolism were measured at baseline and under acute hy...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - April 13, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Barry, J. S., Rozance, P. J., Brown, L. D., Anthony, R. V., Thornburg, K. L., Hay, W. W. Tags: Endocrinology & amp;amp; Nutrition Source Type: research
Women may respond different from men to vitamin D supplementation regarding cardiometabolic biomarkers
In conclusion, improved vitamin D status might decrease serum TC and LDL-C levels as well as hs-CRP in women with NAFLD. However, it might increase serum TC in men who have low daily calcium intake. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these results. (Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine)
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - April 13, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Sharifi, N., Amani, R., Hajiani, E., Cheraghian, B. Tags: Endocrinology & amp;amp; Nutrition Source Type: research
Featured Article: Inhibition of diabetic cataract by glucose tolerance factor extracted from yeast
Diabetes leads to many complications; among them is the development of cataract. Hyperglycemia brings to increased polyol concentration in the lens, to glycation of lens proteins, and to elevated level of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) causing oxidative stress. The glucose tolerance factor (GTF) was found by several groups to decrease hyperglycemia and oxidative stress both in diabetic animals and humans. The aim of our study was to explore the damages induced by high glucose to the eye lens and to assess the protective effects of GTF both in vivo and in vitro. The in vivo study included control healthy rats, streptozotocin...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - April 13, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Mirsky, N., Cohen, R., Eliaz, A., Dovrat, A. Tags: Endocrinology & amp;amp; Nutrition Source Type: research
Involvement of B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 promoter methylation in cigarette smoke extract-induced emphysema
Abnormal apoptotic events play an important role in the pathogenesis of emphysema. The B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family proteins are essential and critical regulators of apoptosis. We determined whether the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 play a role in the cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced emphysema. Furthermore, given the involvement of epigenetics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, we hypothesized that the deregulation of Bcl-2 might be caused by gene methylation. The emphysema in BALB/C mice was established by intraperitoneally injection of CSE. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (AZA; a demethylation reagent) and phosphate-bu...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - April 13, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Zeng, H., Shi, Z., Kong, X., Chen, Y., Zhang, H., Peng, H., Luo, H., Chen, P. Tags: Biochemistry & amp;amp; Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Berberine induces dedifferentiation by actin cytoskeleton reorganization via phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and p38 kinase pathways in rabbit articular chondrocytes
Osteoarthritis is a nonrheumatologic joint disease characterized by progressive degeneration of the cartilage extracellular matrix. Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid used in traditional Chinese medicine, the majority of which is extracted from Huang Lian (Coptis chinensis). Although numerous studies have revealed the anticancer activity of BBR, its effects on normal cells, such as chondrocytes, and the molecular mechanisms underlying its actions remain elusive. Therefore, we examined the effects of BBR on rabbit articular chondrocytes, and the underlying molecular mechanisms, focusing on actin cytoskeletal reorga...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - April 13, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Yu, S.-M., Cho, H., Kim, G.-H., Chung, K.-W., Seo, S.-Y., Kim, S.-J. Tags: Biochemistry & amp;amp; Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Detection of inflammatory biomarkers in saliva and urine: Potential in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment for chronic diseases
Inflammation is a part of the complex biological response of inflammatory cells to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, irritants, or damaged cells. This inflammation has been linked to several chronic diseases including cancer, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. Major biomarkers of inflammation include tumor necrosis factor, interleukins (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, chemokines, cyclooxygenase, 5-lipooxygenase, and C-reactive protein, all of which are regulated by the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB. Although examining inflammatory biomarkers in blood is a standard practice, its ident...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - April 13, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Prasad, S., Tyagi, A. K., Aggarwal, B. B. Tags: Minireview Source Type: research
Minireview: Multiomic candidate biomarkers for clinical manifestations of sickle cell severity: Early steps to precision medicine
In this review, we provide a description of those candidate biomarkers which have been demonstrated by multiple-omics approaches to vary in correlation with specific clinical manifestations of sickle cell severity. We believe that future clinical analyses of severity phenotype will require a multiomic analysis, or an omics stack approach, which includes integrated interactomics. It will also require the analysis of big data sets. These candidate biomarkers, whether they are individual or panels of functionally linked markers, will require future validation in large prospective and retrospective clinical studies. Once valid...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - April 11, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Goodman, S. R., Pace, B. S., Hansen, K. C., Dalessandro, A., Xia, Y., Daescu, O., Glatt, S. J. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Original Research: Diametric effects of hypoxia on pathophysiology of sickle cell disease in a murine model
We report that hypoxia rapidly decreased oxygen saturation in transgenic sickle cell disease mice, but this effect was immediately buffered by a robust ventilatory response. The initial hypoxemia improved steadily throughout the duration of hypoxia without any detectable acute pulmonary adverse effect. Furthermore, the mice suffered acute anemia that ironically was associated with lowering of both plasma hemoglobin and heme. These results were corroborated by increased plasma haptoglobin and hemopexin levels. Markers of ischemic tissue injury increased spatiotemporally following repeated hypoxia exposures. This variation w...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - April 11, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Tan, F., Ghosh, S., Mosunjac, M., Manci, E., Ofori-Acquah, S. F. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Original Research: Sickle cell anemia and pediatric strokes: Computational fluid dynamics analysis in the middle cerebral artery
Children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) have a high incidence of strokes, and transcranial Doppler (TCD) identifies at-risk patients by measuring blood velocities in large intracerebral arteries; time-averaged mean velocities greater than 200 cm/s confer high stroke risk and warrant therapeutic intervention with blood transfusions. Our objective was to use computational fluid dynamics to alter fluid and artery wall properties, to simulate scenarios causative of significantly elevated arterial blood velocities. Two-dimensional simulations were created and increasing percent stenoses were created in silico, with their locatio...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - April 11, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Rivera, C. P., Veneziani, A., Ware, R. E., Platt, M. O. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Original Research: Parvovirus B19 infection in children with sickle cell disease in the hydroxyurea era
Parvovirus B19 infection causes transient aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease (SCD) due to a temporary interruption in the red blood cell production. Toxicity from hydroxyurea includes anemia and reticulocytopenia, both of which also occur during a transient aplastic crisis event. Hydroxyurea inhibits proliferation of hematopoietic cells and may be immunosuppressive. We postulated that hydroxyurea could exacerbate parvovirus B19-induced aplastic crisis and inhibit the development of specific immune responses in children with SCD. We conducted a retrospective review of parvovirus B19 infection in 330 children with SCD. A...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - April 11, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Hankins, J. S., Penkert, R. R., Lavoie, P., Tang, L., Sun, Y., Hurwitz, J. L. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Original Research: Acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease: Effect of genotype and asthma
Sickle cell disease is a severe hemoglobinopathy caused by mutations in the beta globin genes. The disorder has protean manifestations and leads to severe morbidity and early mortality. Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is a common complication and in the USA is the leading cause of death in patients with sickle cell disease. Care of patients with sickle cell disease is complex and typically involves both primary care physicians and hematology subspecialists. The purpose of this study was first to attempt to validate in a pediatric sickle cell patient cohort associations between ACS and sickle cell disease genotype and between AC...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - April 11, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Pahl, K., Mullen, C. A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
