Concise Review: Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Regenerative Medicine: Applications and Challenges
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are currently being studied as candidate cell sources for revascularization strategies. Significant advances have been made in understanding the biology of EPCs, and preclinical studies have demonstrated the vasculogenic, angiogenic, and beneficial paracrine effects of transplanted EPCs in the treatment of ischemic diseases. Despite these promising results, widespread clinical acceptance of EPCs for clinical therapies remains hampered by several challenges. The present study provides a concise summary of the different EPC populations being studied for ischemic therapies and their known r...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - March 18, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Chong, M. S. K., Ng, W. K., Chan, J. K. Y. Tags: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Endodermal Stem/Progenitor Cells Source Type: research
A Study of Human Leukocyte Antigen Mismatched Cellular Therapy (Stem Cell Microtransplantation) in High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome or Transformed Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
The treatment outcomes of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and transformed acute myelogenous leukemia (tAML) remain very unsatisfactory. We designed a combination of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched hematopoietic stem cell microtransplantation (MST) with chemotherapy for patients with MDS and tAML and evaluated its effects and toxicity. Patients were between 13 and 79 years old. Patients with MDS (n = 21) were given HLA-mismatched MST combined with decitabine and cytarabine; patients with tAML (n = 22) were given HLA-mismatched MST combined with decitabine and cytarabine, and also mitoxantrone. Patients in complete r...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - March 18, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Hu, K.-X., Sun, Q.-Y., Guo, M., Qiao, J.-X., Yu, C.-L., Qiao, J.-H., Dong, Z., Sun, W.-J., Zuo, H.-L., Huang, Y.-J., Cai, B., Ai, H.-S. Tags: Protocols and Manufacturing for Cell-Based Therapies, Hematopoietic Stem Cells Source Type: research
Cancer Stem Cell-Based Models of Colorectal Cancer Reveal Molecular Determinants of Therapy Resistance
Colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy mainly relies on the use of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs combined, in a subset of patients, with epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR]-targeting agents. Although CRC is considered a prototype of a cancer stem cell (CSC)-driven tumor, the effects of both conventional and targeted therapies on the CSC compartment are largely unknown. We have optimized a protocol for colorectal CSC isolation that allowed us to obtain CSC-enriched cultures from primary tumor specimens, with high efficiency. CSC isolation was followed by in vitro and in vivo validation, genetic characterization, and drug...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - March 18, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: De Angelis, M. L., Zeuner, A., Policicchio, E., Russo, G., Bruselles, A., Signore, M., Vitale, S., De Luca, G., Pilozzi, E., Boe, A., Stassi, G., Ricci-Vitiani, L., Amoreo, C. A., Pagliuca, A., Francescangeli, F., Tartaglia, M., De Maria, R., Baiocchi, M. Tags: Cancer Stem Cells, Cancer Stem Cells Source Type: research
Induction of CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein {beta} Expression With the Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Isobutylmethylxanthine Improves Myoblast Engraftment Into Dystrophic Muscle
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, is the most common muscular dystrophy. Characterized by rounds of muscle degeneration and regeneration, DMD features progressive muscle wasting and is fatal. One approach for treatment is transplantation of muscle progenitor cells to repair and restore dystrophin expression to damaged muscle. However, the success of this approach has been limited by difficulties in isolating large numbers of myogenic progenitors with strong regenerative potential, poor engraftment, poor survival of donor cells, and limited migration in the diseased muscle. We de...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - March 18, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Lala-Tabbert, N., Fu, D., Wiper-Bergeron, N. Tags: Enabling Technologies for Cell-Based Clinical Translation, Muscle Stem Cells Source Type: research
CD11b+ and Sca-1+ Cells Exert the Main Beneficial Effects of Systemically Administered Bone Marrow-Derived Mononuclear Cells in a Murine Model of Mixed Th2/Th17 Allergic Airway Inflammation
In conclusion, in the current model of allergic inflammation, CD11b+ cells (monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells) and Sca-1+ cells (MSCs) are responsible for the beneficial effects of BMDMCs.
Significance
This study shows that bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMDMCs) are as effective as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in ameliorating experimental asthma. It also demonstrates that not only MSCs present in the pool of BMDMCs are responsible for BMDMCs’ beneficial effects but also monocytes, which are the most important cell population to trigger these effects. All of this is in the settin...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - March 18, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Cruz, F. F., Borg, Z. D., Goodwin, M., Coffey, A. L., Wagner, D. E., Rocco, P. R. M., Weiss, D. J. Tags: Enabling Technologies for Cell-Based Clinical Translation, Mesenchymal Stem Cells Source Type: research
Stem Cell-Derived Immature Human Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons to Identify Peripheral Neurotoxicants
Safety sciences and the identification of chemical hazards have been seen as one of the most immediate practical applications of human pluripotent stem cell technology. Protocols for the generation of many desirable human cell types have been developed, but optimization of neuronal models for toxicological use has been astonishingly slow, and the wide, clinically important field of peripheral neurotoxicity is still largely unexplored. A two-step protocol to generate large lots of identical peripheral human neuronal precursors was characterized and adapted to the measurement of peripheral neurotoxicity. High content imaging...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - March 18, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Hoelting, L., Klima, S., Karreman, C., Grinberg, M., Meisig, J., Henry, M., Rotshteyn, T., Rahnenfuhrer, J., Bluthgen, N., Sachinidis, A., Waldmann, T., Leist, M. Tags: Cell-Based Drug Development, Screening, and Toxicology, Neural/Progenitor Stem Cells Source Type: research
Obesity Determines the Immunophenotypic Profile and Functional Characteristics of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Adipose Tissue
This study explores the immunophenotypic profile of hASCs obtained from lean and obese individuals and its potential relationship with the altered plasticity of hASCs observed in obesity. In this context, an altered pattern of cell surface marker expression in obese-derived hASCs in both undifferentiated and differentiated stages is demonstrated. Differences in proliferation, migration, and differentiation capacity of hASCs from obese adipose tissue correlated with alterations in cell surface expression. Remarkably, altered plasticity observed in obese-derived hASCs was maintained in the absence of hypoxia, suggesting that...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - March 18, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Pachon-Pena, G., Serena, C., Ejarque, M., Petriz, J., Duran, X., Oliva-Olivera, W., Simo, R., Tinahones, F. J., Fernandez-Veledo, S., Vendrell, J. Tags: Tissue-Specific Progenitor and Stem Cells, Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Source Type: research
Impaired Angiogenic Potential of Human Placental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Intrauterine Growth Restriction
This study demonstrates that the loss of endothelial differentiation potential and the increase of adipogenic ability are likely to play a significant role in the vicious cycle of abnormal placental development in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). This is the first observation of a potential role for placental mesenchymal stromal cells in intrauterine growth restriction, thus leading to new perspectives for the treatment of IUGR. (Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine)
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - March 18, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Mando, C., Razini, P., Novielli, C., Anelli, G. M., Belicchi, M., Erratico, S., Banfi, S., Meregalli, M., Tavelli, A., Baccarin, M., Rolfo, A., Motta, S., Torrente, Y., Cetin, I. Tags: Tissue-Specific Progenitor and Stem Cells, Bridge Papers Source Type: research
Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Induce Angiogenesis via Microvesicle Transport of miRNA-31
This study provides the evidence that microvesicles (MVs) from adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), particularly from endothelial differentiation medium (EDM)-preconditioned ASCs, promote angiogenesis. An underlying mechanism of the proangiogenesis may be the delivery of microRNA-31 via MVs from ASCs to vascular endothelial cells in which factor-inhibiting HIF-1 is targeted and suppressed. The study findings reveal the role of MVs in mediating ASC-induced angiogenesis and suggest a potential MV-based angiogenic therapy for ischemic diseases. (Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine)
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - March 18, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Kang, T., Jones, T. M., Naddell, C., Bacanamwo, M., Calvert, J. W., Thompson, W. E., Bond, V. C., Chen, Y. E., Liu, D. Tags: Tissue-Specific Progenitor and Stem Cells, Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Source Type: research
Downregulation of Melanoma Cell Adhesion Molecule (MCAM/CD146) Accelerates Cellular Senescence in Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
This study provides strong evidence that CD146 is a novel and useful marker for predicting senescence in human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (hUCB-MSCs), and CD146 can potentially be applied in quality-control assessments of hUCB-MSC-based therapy. (Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine)
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - March 18, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Jin, H. J., Kwon, J. H., Kim, M., Bae, Y. K., Choi, S. J., Oh, W., Yang, Y. S., Jeon, H. B. Tags: Fetal and Neonatal Stem Cells, Cord Blood Stem Cells Source Type: research
Robust Differentiation of mRNA-Reprogrammed Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Toward a Retinal Lineage
The derivation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from patient-specific sources has allowed for the development of novel approaches to studies of human development and disease. However, traditional methods of generating hiPSCs involve the risks of genomic integration and potential constitutive expression of pluripotency factors and often exhibit low reprogramming efficiencies. The recent description of cellular reprogramming using synthetic mRNA molecules might eliminate these shortcomings; however, the ability of mRNA-reprogrammed hiPSCs to effectively give rise to retinal cell lineages has yet to be demonst...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - March 18, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Sridhar, A., Ohlemacher, S. K., Langer, K. B., Meyer, J. S. Tags: Pluripotent Stem Cells, Pluripotent Stem Cells Source Type: research
Strategies and Challenges to Myocardial Replacement Therapy
This article outlines the advantages and limitations of the cell injection and patch approaches to cardiac regenerative therapy. If the field is to move forward, some fundamental questions require answers, including the limitations to the use of animal models for human cell-transplantation studies; the best way to measure success in terms of functional improvements, histological integration, electrical coupling, and arrhythmias; and where the cells should be applied for maximal benefit—the epicardium or the myocardium. (Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine)
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - March 18, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Feric, N. T., Radisic, M. Tags: Perspectives, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Source Type: research
A Rational Strategy for the Use of Amniotic Epithelial Stem Cell Therapy for Liver Diseases
This article provides an overview of the beneficial properties of one type of human placental stem cell and proposes a rational strategy for translating placental stem cells toward clinical application for various liver diseases. (Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine)
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - March 18, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Miki, T. Tags: Perspectives, Fetal and Neonatal Stem Cells, Placenta-Derived Stem Cells Source Type: research
Priming Dental Pulp Stem Cells With Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Increases Angiogenesis of Implanted Tissue-Engineered Constructs Through Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Secretion
Tissue engineering strategies based on implanting cellularized biomaterials are promising therapeutic approaches for the reconstruction of large tissue defects. A major hurdle for the reliable establishment of such therapeutic approaches is the lack of rapid blood perfusion of the tissue construct to provide oxygen and nutrients. Numerous sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) displaying angiogenic potential have been characterized in the past years, including the adult dental pulp. Establishment of efficient strategies for improving angiogenesis in tissue constructs is nevertheless still an important challenge. Hypoxia ...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - February 24, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Gorin, C., Rochefort, G. Y., Bascetin, R., Ying, H., Lesieur, J., Sadoine, J., Beckouche, N., Berndt, S., Novais, A., Lesage, M., Hosten, B., Vercellino, L., Merlet, P., Le-Denmat, D., Marchiol, C., Letourneur, D., Nicoletti, A., Vital, S. O., Poliard, A. Tags: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Mesenchymal Stem Cells Source Type: research
Human Cortical Neural Stem Cells Expressing Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I: A Novel Cellular Therapy for Alzheimers Disease
In conclusion, we believe that harnessing the benefits of cellular and IGF-I therapies together will provide the optimal therapeutic benefit to patients, and our findings support further preclinical development of HK532-IGF-I cells into a disease-modifying intervention for AD.
Significance
There is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and no means of prevention. Current drug treatments temporarily slow dementia symptoms but ultimately fail to alter disease course. Given the prevalence of AD and an increasingly aging population, alternative therapeutic strategies are necessary. Cellular therapies impact disease by mu...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - February 24, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: McGinley, L. M., Sims, E., Lunn, J. S., Kashlan, O. N., Chen, K. S., Bruno, E. S., Pacut, C. M., Hazel, T., Johe, K., Sakowski, S. A., Feldman, E. L. Tags: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Neural/Progenitor Stem Cells Source Type: research
