Mechanical Stretching Promotes Skin Tissue Regeneration via Enhancing Mesenchymal Stem Cell Homing and Transdifferentiation
This study determines that mechanical stretching might promote skin regeneration by upregulating MSC expression of genes related to hypoxia, vascularization, and cell proliferation; enhancing transplanted MSC homing to the expanded skin; and transdifferentiation into epidermal basal cells and endothelial cells.
Significance
Skin tissue expansion is a clinical procedure for skin regeneration to cover cutaneous defects that can be accompanied by severe complications. The transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been proven effective in promoting skin expansion and ameliorating complications. This study, which so...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - June 26, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Liang, X., Huang, X., Zhou, Y., Jin, R., Li, Q. Tags: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Mesenchymal Stem Cells Source Type: research
Embryological Origin of Human Smooth Muscle Cells Influences Their Ability to Support Endothelial Network Formation
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from distinct anatomic locations derive from different embryonic origins. Here we investigated the respective potential of different embryonic origin-specific SMCs derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to support endothelial network formation in vitro. SMCs of three distinct embryological origins were derived from an mStrawberry-expressing hESC line and were cocultured with green fluorescent protein-expressing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to investigate the effects of distinct SMC subtypes on endothelial network formation. Quantitative analysis demonstrated t...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - June 26, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Bargehr, J., Low, L., Cheung, C., Bernard, W. G., Iyer, D., Bennett, M. R., Gambardella, L., Sinha, S. Tags: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Muscle Stem Cells Source Type: research
Concise Review: Pancreatic Cancer and Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma remains one of the most challenging diseases of modern gastroenterology, and, even though considerable effort has been put into understanding its pathogenesis, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying the development and/or systemic progression of this malignancy still remain unclear. Recently, much attention has been paid to the potential role of bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) in this malignancy. Hence, herein, we comprehensively review the most recent discoveries and current achievements and concepts in this field. Specifically, we discuss the significance of identifying pancreatic canc...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - June 26, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Błogowski, W., Bodnarczuk, T., Starzyłska, T. Tags: Cancer Stem Cells, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Cancer Stem Cells Source Type: research
Targeting the cAMP and Transforming Growth Factor-{beta} Pathway Increases Proliferation to Promote Re-Epithelialization of Human Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell integrity is critical to the maintenance of retinal function. Many retinopathies such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are caused by the degeneration or malfunction of the RPE cell layer. Replacement of diseased RPE with healthy, stem cell-derived RPE is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating AMD. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) differentiated into RPE progeny have the potential to provide an unlimited supply of cells for transplantation, but challenges around scalability and efficiency of the differentiation process still remain. Using hESC-derived RPE as a cellular...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - June 26, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Choudhary, P., Gutteridge, A., Impey, E., Storer, R. I., Owen, R. M., Whiting, P. J., Bictash, M., Benn, C. L. Tags: Embryo Development, Enabling Technologies for Cell-Based Clinical Translation Source Type: research
Concise Review: Bridging the Gap: Novel Neuroregenerative and Neuroprotective Strategies in Spinal Cord Injury
This article discusses important neuroprotective interventions currently applied in clinical practice, including surgical decompression, blood pressure augmentation, and i.v. methylprednisolone. Translational therapies on the horizon are discussed, such as riluzole, minocycline, fibroblast growth factor, magnesium, and hypothermia. The key neuroregenerative strategies of the next decade are summarized, including glial scar degradation, Rho-ROCK inhibition, cell-based therapies, and novel bioengineered adjuncts. The need for combinatorial approaches to this multifactorial problem is emphasized, relevant studies at the foref...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - June 26, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Ahuja, C. S., Fehlings, M. Tags: Neural/Progenitor Stem Cells, Enabling Technologies for Cell-Based Clinical Translation Source Type: research
The Neurofilament-Derived Peptide NFL-TBS.40-63 Targets Neural Stem Cells and Affects Their Properties
Targeting neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult brain represents a promising approach for developing new regenerative strategies, because these cells can proliferate, self-renew, and differentiate into new neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Previous work showed that the NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide, corresponding to the sequence of a tubulin-binding site on neurofilaments, can target glioblastoma cells, where it disrupts their microtubules and inhibits their proliferation. We show that this peptide targets NSCs in vitro and in vivo when injected into the cerebrospinal fluid. Although neurosphere formation was not altered ...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - June 26, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Lepinoux-Chambaud, C., Barreau, K., Eyer, J. Tags: Neural Stem Cells, Cell-Based Drug Development, Screening, and Toxicology Source Type: research
Functional Plasticity of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells During Development of Obesity
This study tested the hypothesis that microenvironmental inflammatory changes during development of metabolic disorders in obesity affect ASC function. It was found that ASCs show increased propensity for differentiation into adipocytes, which is partly mediated by upregulated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), likely in their adipose tissue microenvironment. Furthermore, TNF-α magnified obese ASC senescence, although it did not regulate their anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, adipose tissue inflammation might be a novel therapeutic target to avert ASC maldifferentiation and senescence. (Source: Stem Cell...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - June 26, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Zhu, X.-Y., Ma, S., Eirin, A., Woollard, J. R., Hickson, L. J., Sun, D., Lerman, A., Lerman, L. O. Tags: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Tissue-Specific Progenitor and Stem Cells Source Type: research
Age-Dependent Effect of Pediatric Cardiac Progenitor Cells After Juvenile Heart Failure
This study using human cardiac progenitor cells shows age-related changes in the reparative ability of cells in a model of pediatric heart failure and uses computational and systems biology to elucidate potential mechanisms. (Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine)
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - June 26, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Agarwal, U., Smith, A. W., French, K. M., Boopathy, A. V., George, A., Trac, D., Brown, M. E., Shen, M., Jiang, R., Fernandez, J. D., Kogon, B. E., Kanter, K. R., Alsoufi, B., Wagner, M. B., Platt, M. O., Davis, M. E. Tags: Cardiac Stem Cells, Tissue-Specific Progenitor and Stem Cells Source Type: research
Stem Cell Surface Marker Expression Defines Late Stages of Reprogramming to Pluripotency in Human Fibroblasts
This report describes tools to study the late stages of cellular reprogramming. The findings enable a more precise approach to dissecting the final phases of conversion to pluripotency, a process that is particularly poorly defined. The results of this study also provide a simple new method for the selection of fully reprogrammed cells, which could enhance the efficiency of derivation of cell lines for research and therapy. (Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine)
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - June 26, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Pomeroy, J. E., Hough, S. R., Davidson, K. C., Quaas, A. M., Rees, J. A., Pera, M. F. Tags: Pluripotent Stem Cells, Pluripotent Stem Cells Source Type: research
Rho Kinase Inhibition Is Essential During In Vitro Neurogenesis and Promotes Phenotypic Rescue of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons With Oligophrenin-1 Loss of Function
This study analyzed the morphological, biochemical, and functional features of OPHN1-deficient h-iPSCs and their rescue by treatment with the ROCK inhibitor fasudil, shedding light on the relevance of the ROCK pathway during neuronal differentiation and providing a neuronal model for human OPHN1 syndrome and its treatment.
Significance
The analysis of the levels of rho kinase (ROCK) activity at different stages of in vitro neurogenesis of human induced pluripotent stem cells reveals that ROCK activity decreases progressively in parallel with the appearance of neuronal-like morphology and upregulation of nuclear receptor N...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - June 26, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Compagnucci, C., Barresi, S., Petrini, S., Billuart, P., Piccini, G., Chiurazzi, P., Alfieri, P., Bertini, E., Zanni, G. Tags: Pluripotent Stem Cells, Pluripotent Stem Cells Source Type: research
Cell-Assisted Lipotransfer Using Autologous Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells for Alleviation of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema
This study was the first case in which freshly isolated adipose-derived stromal cells were used to treat lymphedema. Treatment was given as a cell-assisted lipotransfer in which 4.07 x 107 cells were injected with 10 ml of lipoaspirate in the axillary region. Four months after treatment, the patient reported a great improvement in daily symptoms, reduction in need for compression therapy, and volume reduction of her affected arm. There were no adverse events. The outcome for this patient provides support for the potential use of cellular therapy for lymphedema treatment. We have begun a larger study to further test the fea...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - June 26, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Toyserkani, N. M., Jensen, C. H., Sheikh, S. P., Sorensen, J. A. Tags: Adipose-Derived Stem Cells, Human Clinical Articles Source Type: research
Adipose Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapy for Severe Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Phase I Dose-Escalation Trial
This study also provides encouraging preliminary evidence of efficacy. Larger and controlled long-term studies are now mandatory to confirm whether this new strategy of cell therapy can improve pain and induce structural benefit in osteoarthritis. (Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine)
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - June 26, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Pers, Y.-M., Rackwitz, L., Ferreira, R., Pullig, O., Delfour, C., Barry, F., Sensebe, L., Casteilla, L., Fleury, S., Bourin, P., Noel, D., Canovas, F., Cyteval, C., Lisignoli, G., Schrauth, J., Haddad, D., Domergue, S., Noeth, U., Jorgensen, C., on behalf Tags: Adipose-Derived Stem Cells, Human Clinical Articles Source Type: research
In Vivo Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Two Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
(Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine)
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - May 23, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Simonson, O. E., Mougiakakos, D., Heldring, N., Bassi, G., Johansson, H. J., Dalen, M., Jitschin, R., Rodin, S., Corbascio, M., El Andaloussi, S., Wiklander, O. P. B., Nordin, J. Z., Skog, J., Romain, C., Koestler, T., Hellgren-Johansson, L., Schiller, P. Tags: Erratum Source Type: research
Local Application of Isogenic Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Restores Bone Healing Capacity in a Type 2 Diabetes Model
This study showed that stem cells obtained from fat pads of type 2 diabetic mice are capable of reconstituting impaired bone regeneration in type 2 diabetes. These multipotent stem cells promote both angiogenesis and osteogenesis in type 2 diabetic bony defects. These data might prove to have great clinical implications for bony defects in the ever-increasing type 2 diabetic patient population. (Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine)
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - May 23, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Wallner, C., Abraham, S., Wagner, J. M., Harati, K., Ismer, B., Kessler, L., Zollner, H., Lehnhardt, M., Behr, B. Tags: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Source Type: research
An Innovative, Comprehensive Mapping and Multiscale Analysis of Registered Trials for Stem Cell-Based Regenerative Medicine
In conclusion, mapping may reveal a lack of global strategy despite the regulations and the related costs associated with good manufacturing practices. A systematic approach to preclinical data, intended to objectively and robustly reveal the most appropriate fields with the most efficient cells, is needed. Repeated exchanges between the bench and the bedside are necessary.
Significance
Except for a few trials concerning specific tissue stem cells used in their corresponding tissues, this global analysis revealed no real specificity of stem cell uses (including mesenchymal stromal cells). This raised the question of the p...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - May 23, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Monsarrat, P., Vergnes, J.-N., Planat-Benard, V., Ravaud, P., Kemoun, P., Sensebe, L., Casteilla, L. Tags: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Mesenchymal Stem Cells Source Type: research
