Pharmacological Elevation of Circulating Bioactive Phosphosphingolipids Enhances Myocardial Recovery After Acute Infarction
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) triggers mobilization of bone marrow (BM)-derived stem/progenitor cells (BMSPCs) through poorly understood processes. Recently, we postulated a major role for bioactive lipids such as sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) in mobilization of BMSPCs into the peripheral blood (PB). We hypothesized that elevating S1P levels after AMI could augment BMSPC mobilization and enhance cardiac recovery after AMI. After AMI, elevating bioactive lipid levels was achieved by treating mice with the S1P lyase inhibitor tetrahydroxybutylimidazole (THI) for 3 days (starting at day 4 after AMI) to differentiate betwe...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - October 27, 2015 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Klyachkin, Y. M., Nagareddy, P. R., Ye, S., Wysoczynski, M., Asfour, A., Gao, E., Sunkara, M., Brandon, J. A., Annabathula, R., Ponnapureddy, R., Solanki, M., Pervaiz, Z. H., Smyth, S. S., Ratajczak, M. Z., Morris, A. J., Abdel-Latif, A. Tags: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Mesenchymal Stem Cells Source Type: research
Functional Effects of a Tissue-Engineered Cardiac Patch From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes in a Rat Infarct Model
A tissue-engineered cardiac patch provides a method to deliver cardiomyoctes to the injured myocardium with high cell retention and large, controlled infarct coverage, enhancing the ability of cells to limit remodeling after infarction. The patch environment can also yield increased survival. In the present study, we sought to assess the efficacy of a cardiac patch made from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) to engraft and limit left ventricular (LV) remodeling acutely after infarction. Cardiac patches were created from hiPSC-CMs and human pericytes (PCs) entrapped in a fibrin gel and i...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - October 27, 2015 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Wendel, J. S., Ye, L., Tao, R., Zhang, J., Zhang, J., Kamp, T. J., Tranquillo, R. T. Tags: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Pluripotent Stem Cells Source Type: research
The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Hair Regrowth: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a new treatment modality in regenerative plastic surgery, and preliminary evidence suggests that it might have a beneficial role in hair regrowth. Here, we report the results of a randomized, evaluator-blinded, placebo-controlled, half-head group study to compare, with the aid of computerized trichograms, hair regrowth with PRP versus placebo. The safety and clinical efficacy of autologous PRP injections for pattern hair loss were investigated. PRP, prepared from a small volume of blood, was injected on half of the selected patients’ scalps with pattern hair loss. The other h...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - October 27, 2015 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Gentile, P., Garcovich, S., Bielli, A., Scioli, M. G., Orlandi, A., Cervelli, V. Tags: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hematopoietic Stem Cells Source Type: research
Systemic Administration of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Extracellular Vesicles Ameliorates Aspergillus Hyphal Extract-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation in Immunocompetent Mice
An increasing number of studies demonstrate that administration of either conditioned media (CM) or extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow and other sources are as effective as the MSCs themselves in mitigating inflammation and injury. The goal of the current study was to determine whether xenogeneic administration of CM or EVs from human bone marrow-derived MSCs would be effective in a model of mixed Th2/Th17, neutrophilic-mediated allergic airway inflammation, reflective of severe refractory asthma, induced by repeated mucosal exposure to Aspergillus hyphal extr...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - October 27, 2015 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Cruz, F. F., Borg, Z. D., Goodwin, M., Sokocevic, D., Wagner, D. E., Coffey, A., Antunes, M., Robinson, K. L., Mitsialis, S. A., Kourembanas, S., Thane, K., Hoffman, A. M., McKenna, D. H., Rocco, P. R. M., Weiss, D. J. Tags: Protocols and Manufacturing for Cell-Based Therapies, Mesenchymal Stem Cells Source Type: research
Skin-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Atherosclerosis via Modulating Macrophage Function
This study provides direct evidence that S-MSCs have a potent immunosuppressive effect in the development of atherosclerosis in mice, suggesting that S-MSCs can easily be cultured and have similar function to bone marrow-derived MSCs, a promising cell source for stem cell-based therapies of atherosclerosis, and possibly also in transplantation. (Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine)
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - October 27, 2015 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Li, Q., Sun, W., Wang, X., Zhang, K., Xi, W., Gao, P. Tags: Tissue-Specific Progenitor and Stem Cells, Mesenchymal Stem Cells Source Type: research
Oral Mucosal Lamina Propria-Progenitor Cells Exert Antibacterial Properties via the Secretion of Osteoprotegerin and Haptoglobin
We report the direct and constitutive antibacterial nature of OMLP-PCs, with retention of this effect within the CM suggesting a role for soluble factors such as OPG and Hp. Knowledge of the immunomodulatory and antibacterial properties of these cells could potentially be exploited in the development of novel cell- or soluble factor-based therapeutics for the treatment of infectious diseases such as pneumonia or ailments such as chronic nonhealing wounds.
Significance
Oral mucosal lamina propria-progenitor cells (OMLP-PCs) are a cell source with known immunomodulatory properties. The present report demonstrates the novel ...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - October 27, 2015 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Board-Davies, E., Moses, R., Sloan, A., Stephens, P., Davies, L. C. Tags: Tissue-Specific Progenitor and Stem Cells, Mesenchymal Stem Cells Source Type: research
Generation of Self-Renewing Hepatoblasts From Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Chemical Approaches
Somatic stem cells play crucial roles in organogenesis and tissue homeostasis and regeneration and may ultimately prove useful for cell therapy for a variety of degenerative diseases and injuries; however, isolation and expansion of most types of somatic stem cells from tissues are technically challenging. Human pluripotent stem cells are a renewable source for any adult cell types, including somatic stem cells. Generation of somatic stem cells from human pluripotent stem cells is a promising strategy to get these therapeutically valuable cells. Previously, we developed a chemically defined condition for mouse hepatoblast ...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - October 27, 2015 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Zhang, M., Sun, P., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Lv, L., Wei, W., Jin, C., Li, W. Tags: Tissue-Specific Progenitor and Stem Cells, Embryo Development Source Type: research
Adult Lung Spheroid Cells Contain Progenitor Cells and Mediate Regeneration in Rodents With Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis
We report a rapid and robust method to generate therapeutic resident lung progenitors from adult lung tissues. Outgrowth cells from healthy lung tissue explants are self-aggregated into three-dimensional lung spheroids in a suspension culture. Without antigenic sorting, the lung spheroids recapitulate the stem cell niche and contain a natural mixture of lung stem cells and supporting cells. In vitro, lung spheroid cells can be expanded to a large quantity and can form alveoli-like structures and acquire mature lung epithelial phenotypes. In severe combined immunodeficiency mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, in...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - October 27, 2015 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Henry, E., Cores, J., Hensley, M. T., Anthony, S., Vandergriff, A., de Andrade, J. B. M., Allen, T., Caranasos, T. G., Lobo, L. J., Cheng, K. Tags: Tissue-Specific Progenitor and Stem Cells, Mesenchymal Stem Cells Source Type: research
Structural Changes in N-Glycans on Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Differentiating Toward Cardiomyocytes
This study focused on N-glycans produced in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes to investigate their change on cardiomyogenic differentiation in vitro. This shows that the expression pattern of N-glycans in human iPSCs changed toward the pattern observed in human cardiomyocytes upon cardiomyogenic differentiation. Structural differences were also observed in the bisecting N-acetylglucosamine and the triantennary structures upon cardiomyogenic differentiation. The findings of this study will help in understanding the directional precision of cardiomyogenic differentiation in vitro. (...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - October 27, 2015 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Kawamura, T., Miyagawa, S., Fukushima, S., Kashiyama, N., Kawamura, A., Ito, E., Saito, A., Maeda, A., Eguchi, H., Toda, K., Miyagawa, S., Okuyama, H., Sawa, Y. Tags: Pluripotent Stem Cells, Cardiac Stem Cells Source Type: research
Concise Review: Reprogramming, Behind the Scenes: Noncanonical Neural Stem Cell Signaling Pathways Reveal New, Unseen Regulators of Tissue Plasticity With Therapeutic Implications
Interest is great in the new molecular concepts that explain, at the level of signal transduction, the process of reprogramming. Usually, transcription factors with developmental importance are used, but these approaches give limited information on the signaling networks involved, which could reveal new therapeutic opportunities. Recent findings involving reprogramming by genetic means and soluble factors with well-studied downstream signaling mechanisms, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and hairy and enhancer of split 3 (Hes3), shed new light into the molecular mechanisms that might be ...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - October 27, 2015 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Poser, S. W., Chenoweth, J. G., Colantuoni, C., Masjkur, J., Chrousos, G., Bornstein, S. R., McKay, R. D., Androutsellis-Theotokis, A. Tags: Concise Review, Pluripotent Stem Cells, Mesenchymal Stem Cells Source Type: research
Proceedings: Using Stem Cell Therapies to Reestablish Osteogenic Capability for Bone Regeneration
This report describes CIRM bone programs that are in contrast to current cell therapy approaches. These projects aim to enhance stem cell activity for bone regeneration. (Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine)
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - October 27, 2015 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Littman, N., Abo, A. Tags: Perspectives Source Type: research
Targeted Disruption of the {beta}2-Microglobulin Gene Minimizes the Immunogenicity of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
This study reports the generation of a novel β2-microglobulin (B2M)–/– human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line. Differentiated mature cells from this line do not express cell surface human leukocyte antigen molecules even after interferon- stimulation and are resistant to alloreactive CD8+ T cells. Moreover, this B2M–/– hESC line contains no off-target integration or cleavage events, is devoid of stable B2M mRNA, exhibits a normal karyotype, and retains its self-renewal capacity, genomic stability, and pluripotency. Although B2M–/– hESC-derived cells are more susceptible to natural ki...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - September 17, 2015 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Wang, D., Quan, Y., Yan, Q., Morales, J. E., Wetsel, R. A. Tags: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Embryo Development Source Type: research
Perivascular Mesenchymal Stem Cells From the Adult Human Brain Harbor No Instrinsic Neuroectodermal but High Mesodermal Differentiation Potential
This study showed the lack of an innate neuronal but high mesodermal differentiation potential. Because of their relationship to mesenchymal stem cells, these adult brain perivascular mesodermal cells are of great interest for possible autologous therapeutic use. (Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine)
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - September 17, 2015 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Lojewski, X., Srimasorn, S., Rauh, J., Francke, S., Wobus, M., Taylor, V., Arauzo-Bravo, M. J., Hallmeyer-Elgner, S., Kirsch, M., Schwarz, S., Schwarz, J., Storch, A., Hermann, A. Tags: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Perivascular Stem Cells Source Type: research
Insulin-Producing Endocrine Cells Differentiated In Vitro From Human Embryonic Stem Cells Function in Macroencapsulation Devices In Vivo
The PEC-01 cell population, differentiated from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), contains pancreatic progenitors (PPs) that, when loaded into macroencapsulation devices (to produce the VC-01 candidate product) and transplanted into mice, can mature into glucose-responsive insulin-secreting cells and other pancreatic endocrine cells involved in glucose metabolism. We modified the protocol for making PEC-01 cells such that 73%–80% of the cell population consisted of PDX1-positive (PDX1+) and NKX6.1+ PPs. The PPs were further differentiated to islet-like cells (ICs) that reproducibly contained 73%–89% endocrine...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - September 17, 2015 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Agulnick, A. D., Ambruzs, D. M., Moorman, M. A., Bhoumik, A., Cesario, R. M., Payne, J. K., Kelly, J. R., Haakmeester, C., Srijemac, R., Wilson, A. Z., Kerr, J., Frazier, M. A., Kroon, E. J., D'Amour, K. A. Tags: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Embryo Development Source Type: research
In Vivo Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Two Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
This article describes the cases of two patients with severe refractory adult respiratory syndrome (ARDS) who failed to improve after both standard life support measures, including mechanical ventilation, and additional measures, including extracorporeal ventilation (i.e., in a heart-lung machine). Unlike acute forms of ARDS (such in the current NIH-sponsored study of mesenchymal stromal cells in ARDS), recovery does not generally occur in such patients. (Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine)
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - September 17, 2015 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Simonson, O. E., Mougiakakos, D., Heldring, N., Bassi, G., Johansson, H. J., Dalen, M., Jitschin, R., Rodin, S., Corbascio, M., El Andaloussi, S., Wiklander, O. P. B., Nordin, J. Z., Skog, J., Romain, C., Koestler, T., Hellgren-Johansson, L., Schiller, P. Tags: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Mesenchymal Stem Cells Source Type: research
