A Detailed Assessment of Varying Ejection Rate on Delivery Efficiency of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using Narrow-Bore Needles
As the number of clinical trials exploring cell therapy rises, a thorough understanding of the limits of cell delivery is essential. We used an extensive toolset comprising various standard and multiplex assays for the assessment of cell delivery postejection. Primary human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) suspensions were drawn up into 100-µl Hamilton syringes with 30- and 34-gauge needles attached, before being ejected at rates ranging from 10 to 300 µl/minute. Effects of ejection rate, including changes in viability, apoptosis, senescence, and other key aspects of cellular health, were evaluated. Ejections at sl...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - February 24, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Amer, M. H., Rose, F. R. A. J., White, L. J., Shakesheff, K. M. Tags: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Mesenchymal Stem Cells Source Type: research
Xeno-Free Extraction, Culture, and Cryopreservation of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
In conclusion, we have developed a complete xeno-free protocol for extracting, culturing, and cryopreserving hASCs that can be safely implemented in clinical studies.
Significance
This study was performed to standardize a complete ordered protocol to produce xeno-free human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) as a safe therapeutic alternative. Cells were extracted by adipose tissue explants and then cultured and cryopreserved using human platelet lysate (hPL). Different scientific journals have published data regarding the use of hPL as a safe fetal bovine serum substitute for hASC culture, using heparin to avo...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - February 24, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Escobar, C. H., Chaparro, O. Tags: Protocols and Manufacturing for Cell-Based Therapies, Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Source Type: research
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Mononuclear Cells From Cord Blood: Cotransplantation Provides a Better Effect in Treating Myocardial Infarction
This study contributes knowledge toward effective treatment strategies for MI.
Significance
This study assessed cotransplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (CD34+ cells) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) in a rat model. The results demonstrate that MSCs and mononuclear cells from cord blood may have synergistic effects and cotransplantation might be more effective in the treatment of MI than transplanting MSCs and CD34+ cells separately. This study contributes knowledge toward a more effective treatment protocol for MI. (Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine)
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - February 24, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Chen, G., Yue, A., Yu, H., Ruan, Z., Yin, Y., Wang, R., Ren, Y., Zhu, L. Tags: Protocols and Manufacturing for Cell-Based Therapies, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Hematopoietic Stem Cells Source Type: research
Alginate-Encapsulation for the Improved Hypothermic Preservation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells
We present a simple, low-cost system capable of enhancing the preservation of human adipose-derived stem cells stored at hypothermic temperatures, while maintaining their normal function. The storage of cells in this manner has great potential for extending the time windows for quality assurance and efficacy testing, distribution between the sites of manufacture and the clinic, and reducing the wastage associated with the limited shelf life of cells stored in their liquid state.
Significance
Despite considerable advancement in the clinical application of cell-based therapies, major logistical challenges exist throughout t...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - February 24, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Swioklo, S., Constantinescu, A., Connon, C. J. Tags: Protocols and Manufacturing for Cell-Based Therapies, Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Source Type: research
A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase Domain 17 Regulates Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells and Chemosensitivity Via Notch1 Signaling
The objective of the present study was to determine whether ADAM17 regulates the CSC phenotype in CRC and to elucidate the downstream signaling mechanism that mediates cancer stemness. We treated established CRC cell lines and a newly established human CRC cell line HCP-1 with ADAM17-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) or the synthetic peptide inhibitor TAPI-2. The effects of ADAM17 inhibition on the CSC phenotype and chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in CRC cells were examined. siRNA knockdown and TAPI-2 decreased the protein levels of cleaved Notch1 (Notch1 intracellular domain) and HES-1 in CRC cells. A decre...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - February 24, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Wang, R., Ye, X., Bhattacharya, R., Boulbes, D. R., Fan, F., Xia, L., Ellis, L. M. Tags: Cancer Stem Cells, Colon Stem Cells Source Type: research
Concise Review: Organoids Are a Powerful Tool for the Study of Liver Disease and Personalized Treatment Design in Humans and Animals
Organoids are three-dimensional culture systems in which adult stem cells and their progeny grow and represent the native physiology of the cells in vivo. Organoids have been successfully derived from several organ systems in both animal models and human patients. Organoids have been used for fundamental research, disease modeling, drug testing, and transplantation. In this review, we summarize the applications of liver-derived organoids and discuss their potential. It is likely that organoids will provide an invaluable tool to unravel disease mechanisms, design novel (personalized) treatment strategies, and generate autol...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - February 24, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Nantasanti, S., de Bruin, A., Rothuizen, J., Penning, L. C., Schotanus, B. A. Tags: Concise Review, Enabling Technologies for Cell-Based Clinical Translation, Hepatic Stem Cells Source Type: research
Comparative Analysis of Media and Supplements on Initiation and Expansion of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells
This study aims to compare the effect of FCS, human platelet lysate (hPL), and a fully defined medium on the initiation and maintenance of ASC cultures. ASCs obtained from five donors were cultured in five different media: StemPro, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% hPL, or α-minimum essential medium (A-MEM) supplemented with 5% hPL, 10% hPL, or 10% FCS. The effect of media on proliferation, colony-forming units (CFUs), attachment, and morphology was assessed along with cell size, granularity, and immunophenotype. StemPro greatly compromised the initiation of ASC cultures, whi...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - February 24, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Riis, S., Nielsen, F. M., Pennisi, C. P., Zachar, V., Fink, T. Tags: Enabling Technologies for Cell-Based Clinical Translation, Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Source Type: research
Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 Released by Skin-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Is Critical for Inhibiting Th17 Cell Differentiation
This study showed that administration of skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells (S-MSCs) was able to alleviate the clinical score of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibiting the differentiation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a critical cytokine for promoting Th17 cell differentiation. It was discovered that activated S-MSCs produced high amount of soluble TNF receptor 1 (sTNFR1), which neutralized TNF-α and inhibited Th17 cell polarization. The data identified S-MSC-secreted sTNFR1 and its target TNF-α as essential regulators for Th17 cell differentiation and rev...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - February 24, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Ke, F., Zhang, L., Liu, Z., Yan, S., Xu, Z., Bai, J., Zhu, H., Lou, F., Cai, W., Sun, Y., Gao, Y., Wang, H., Wang, H. Tags: Tissue-Specific Progenitor and Stem Cells, Mesenchymal Stem Cells Source Type: research
Functional Differences Between Placental Micro- and Macrovascular Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells
Alterations in the development of the placental vasculature can lead to pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia. Currently, the cause of preeclampsia is unknown, and there are no specific prevention or treatment strategies. Further insight into the placental vasculature may aid in identifying causal factors. Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) are a subset of endothelial progenitor cells capable of self-renewal and de novo vessel formation in vitro. We hypothesized that ECFCs exist in the micro- and macrovasculature of the normal, term human placenta. Human placentas were collected from term pregnancies delivere...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - February 24, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Solomon, I., OReilly, M., Ionescu, L., Alphonse, R. S., Rajabali, S., Zhong, S., Vadivel, A., Shelley, W. C., Yoder, M. C., Thebaud, B. Tags: Tissue-Specific Progenitor and Stem Cells, Endodermal Stem/Progenitor Cells Source Type: research
Concise Review: Epigenetic Regulation of Myogenesis in Health and Disease
Skeletal muscle regeneration is initiated by satellite cells, a population of adult stem cells that reside in the muscle tissue. The ability of satellite cells to self-renew and to differentiate into the muscle lineage is under transcriptional and epigenetic control. Satellite cells are characterized by an open and permissive chromatin state. The transcription factor Pax7 is necessary for satellite cell function. Pax7 is a nodal factor regulating the expression of genes associated with satellite cell growth and proliferation, while preventing differentiation. Pax7 recruits chromatin modifiers to DNA to induce expression of...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - February 24, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Sincennes, M.-C., Brun, C. E., Rudnicki, M. A. Tags: Concise Review, Tissue-Specific Progenitor and Stem Cells, Muscle Stem Cells Source Type: research
A Simple Method for Labeling Human Embryonic Stem Cells Destined to Lose Undifferentiated Potency
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is a major source of cellular ATP. Its usage as an energy source varies, not only according to the extracellular environment, but also during development and differentiation, as indicated by the reported changes in the flux ratio of glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation during embryonic stem (ES) cell differentiation. The fluorescent probe JC-1 allows visualization of changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential produced by oxidative phosphorylation. Strong JC-1 signals were localized in the differentiated cells located at the edge of H9 ES colonies that expressed vimentin, an e...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - February 24, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Kumagai, A., Suga, M., Yanagihara, K., Itoh, Y., Takemori, H., Furue, M. K. Tags: Pluripotent Stem Cells, Embryo Development Source Type: research
Effect of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology in Blood Banking
Population aging has imposed cost-effective alternatives to blood donations. Artificial blood is still at the preliminary stages of development, and the need for viable cells seems unsurmountable. Because large numbers of viable cells must be promptly available for clinical use, stem cell technologies, expansion, and banking represent ideal tools to ensure a regular supply. Provided key donors can be identified, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology could pave the way to a new era in transfusion medicine, just as it is already doing in many other fields of medicine. The present review summarizes the current state...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - February 24, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Focosi, D., Pistello, M. Tags: Perspectives, Pluripotent Stem Cells, Pluripotent Stem Cells Source Type: research
Naive Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Generated From {beta}-Thalassemia Fibroblasts Allow Efficient Gene Correction With CRISPR/Cas9
(Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine)
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - January 27, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Yang, Y., Zhang, X., Yi, L., Hou, Z., Chen, J., Kou, X., Zhao, Y., Wang, H., Sun, X.-F., Jiang, C., Wang, Y., Gao, S. Tags: Erratum Source Type: research
Inequality Issues in Stem Cell Medicine
(Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine)
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - January 27, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Yap, K. K. Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research
Concise Review: An Update on the Culture of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells for Transplantation
The cornea forms the front window of the eye, enabling the transmission of light to the retina through a crystalline lens. Many disorders of the cornea lead to partial or total blindness, and therefore corneal transplantation becomes mandatory. Recently, selective corneal layer (as opposed to full thickness) transplantation has become popular because this leads to earlier rehabilitation and visual outcomes. Corneal endothelial disorders are a common cause of corneal disease and transplantation. Corneal endothelial transplantation is successful but limited worldwide because of lower donor corneal supply. Alternatives to cor...
Source: Stem Cells Translational Medicine - January 27, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Parekh, M., Ferrari, S., Sheridan, C., Kaye, S., Ahmad, S. Tags: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Embryo Development Source Type: research
