A treatment-planning comparison of three beam arrangement strategies for stereotactic body radiation therapy for centrally located lung tumors using volumetric-modulated arc therapy
The purpose of this study was to determine appropriate beam arrangement for volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT)-based stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in the treatment of patients with centrally located lung tumors. Fifteen consecutive patients with centrally located lung tumors treated at our institution were enrolled. For each patient, three VMAT plans were generated using two coplanar partial arcs (CP VMAT), two non-coplanar partial arcs (NCP VMAT), and one coplanar full arc (Full VMAT). All plans were designed to deliver 70 Gy in 10 fractions. Target coverage and sparing of organs at risk (OARs) were comp...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - June 20, 2016 Category: Physics Authors: Ishii, K., Okada, W., Ogino, R., Kubo, K., Kishimoto, S., Nakahara, R., Kawamorita, R., Ishii, Y., Tada, T., Nakajima, T. Tags: Regular paper Source Type: research
Stereotactic body radiotherapy for T3 and T4N0M0 non-small cell lung cancer
To evaluate the outcomes and feasibility of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for cT3 and cT4N0M0 non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 25 patients with localized primary NSCLC diagnosed as cT3 or cT4N0M0, given SBRT between May 2005 and July 2013, were analyzed. All patients had inoperable tumors. The major reasons for tumors being unresectable were insufficient respiratory function for curative resection, advanced age (>80 years old) or technically inoperable due to invasion into critical organs. The median patient age was 79 years (range; 60–86). The median follow-up duration was 25 months (range: 5&nda...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - June 20, 2016 Category: Physics Authors: Eriguchi, T., Takeda, A., Sanuki, N., Nishimura, S., Takagawa, Y., Enomoto, T., Saeki, N., Yashiro, K., Mizuno, T., Aoki, Y., Oku, Y., Yokosuka, T., Shigematsu, N. Tags: Regular paper Source Type: research
Curtailing patient-specific IMRT QA procedures from 2D dose error distribution
The objective of this study was to determine whether our novel method that predicts the 3D delivered dose allows certain patient-specific IMRT QAs to be curtailed. The object was IMRT QA for the pelvic region with regard to point dose and composite planar dose differences. We compared measured doses, doses calculated in the treatment planning system, and doses predicted by in-house software. The 3D predicted dose was reconstructed from the per-field measurement by incorporating the relative dose error distribution into the original dose grid of each beam. All point dose differences between the measured and the calculated d...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - June 20, 2016 Category: Physics Authors: Kurosu, K., Sumida, I., Mizuno, H., Otani, Y., Oda, M., Isohashi, F., Seo, Y., Suzuki, O., Ogawa, K. Tags: Regular paper Source Type: research
Difference in the action mechanism of radon inhalation and radon hot spring water drinking in suppression of hyperuricemia in mice
Although radon therapy is indicated for hyperuricemia, the underlying mechanisms of action have not yet been elucidated in detail. Therefore, we herein examined the inhibitory effects of radon inhalation and hot spring water drinking on potassium oxonate (PO)–induced hyperuricemia in mice. Mice inhaled radon at a concentration of 2000 Bq/m3 for 24 h or were given hot spring water for 2 weeks. Mice were then administrated PO at a dose of 500 mg/kg. The results obtained showed that serum uric acid levels were significantly increased by the administration of PO. Radon inhalation or hot spring water drinking significantl...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - June 20, 2016 Category: Physics Authors: Etani, R., Kataoka, T., Kanzaki, N., Sakoda, A., Tanaka, H., Ishimori, Y., Mitsunobu, F., Yamaoka, K. Tags: Regular paper Source Type: research
Gene expression profiling in undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma induced by high-dose radiation
In this study, we identified differential gene expression in a human thyroid epithelial cell line after exposure to high-dose -radiation. HTori-3 cells were exposed to 5 or 10 Gy of ionizing radiation using two dose rates (high-dose rate: 4.68 Gy/min, and low-dose rate: 40 mGy/h) and then implanted into the backs of BALB/c nude mice after 4 (10 Gy) or 5 weeks (5 Gy). Decreases in cell viability, increases in giant cell frequency, anchorage-independent growth in vitro, and tumorigenicity in vivo were observed. Particularly, the cells irradiated with 5 Gy at the high-dose rate or 10 Gy at the low-dose rate demonstrated more ...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - June 20, 2016 Category: Physics Authors: Bang, H. S., Choi, M. H., Kim, C. S., Choi, S. J. Tags: Regular paper Source Type: research
Genistein sensitizes sarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo by enhancing apoptosis and by inhibiting DSB repair pathways
The aim of this work was to investigate the radiosensitization effects of genistein on mice sarcoma cells and the corresponding biological mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. Using the non-toxic dosage of 10 μM genistein, the sensitizer enhancement ratios after exposure to X-rays at 50% cell survival (IC50) was 1.45 for S180 cells. For mice cotreated with genistein and X-rays, the excised tumor tissues had reduced blood vessels and decreased size and volume compared with the control and irradiation-only groups. Moreover, a significant increase in apoptosis was accompanied by upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 ...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - June 20, 2016 Category: Physics Authors: Liu, X. X., Sun, C., Jin, X. D., Li, P., Zheng, X. G., Zhao, T., Li, Q. Tags: Regular paper Source Type: research
Analysis of chromosome translocation frequency after a single CT scan in adults
We recently reported an increase in dicentric chromosome (DIC) formation after a single computed tomography (CT) scan (5.78–60.27 mSv: mean 24.24 mSv) and we recommended analysis of 2000 metaphase cells stained with Giemsa and centromere-FISH for dicentric chromosome assay (DCA) in cases of low-dose radiation exposure. In the present study, we analyzed the frequency of chromosome translocations using stored Carnoy's-fixed lymphocyte specimens from the previous study; these specimens were from 12 patients who were subject to chromosome painting of Chromosomes 1, 2 and 4. Chromosomes 1, 2 and 4 were analyzed in ~5000 c...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - June 20, 2016 Category: Physics Authors: Abe, Y., Miura, T., Yoshida, M. A., Ujiie, R., Kurosu, Y., Kato, N., Katafuchi, A., Tsuyama, N., Kawamura, F., Ohba, T., Inamasu, T., Shishido, F., Noji, H., Ogawa, K., Yokouchi, H., Kanazawa, K., Ishida, T., Muto, S., Ohsugi, J., Suzuki, H., Ishikawa, T. Tags: Regular paper Source Type: research
Non-induction of radioadaptive response in zebrafish embryos by neutrons
In vivo neutron-induced radioadaptive response (RAR) was studied using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. The Neutron exposure Accelerator System for Biological Effect Experiments (NASBEE) facility at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), Japan, was employed to provide 2-MeV neutrons. Neutron doses of 0.6, 1, 25, 50 and 100 mGy were chosen as priming doses. An X-ray dose of 2 Gy was chosen as the challenging dose. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated at 4 h post fertilization (hpf), irradiated with a chosen neutron dose at 5 hpf and the X-ray dose at 10 hpf. The responses of embryos were assessed at 25 hpf ...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - June 20, 2016 Category: Physics Authors: Ng, C. Y. P., Kong, E. Y., Kobayashi, A., Suya, N., Uchihori, Y., Cheng, S. H., Konishi, T., Yu, K. N. Tags: Regular paper Source Type: research
Development of a minipig model for lung injury induced by a single high-dose radiation exposure and evaluation with thoracic computed tomography
In conclusion, the minipig model can provide useful clinical data regarding RILI caused by the adverse effects of high-dose radiotherapy. Peribronchial opacification, interlobular septal thickening, and lung volume loss are three quantifiable CT parameters that can be used as a simple method for monitoring the progression of RILI. (Source: Journal of Radiation Research)
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - June 20, 2016 Category: Physics Authors: Lee, J.-G., Park, S., Bae, C.-H., Jang, W.-S., Lee, S.-J., Lee, D. N., Myung, J. K., Kim, C. H., Jin, Y.-W., Lee, S.-S., Shim, S. Tags: Regular paper Source Type: research
Efficacy of polysaccharide from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans MSA3 administration as protection against {gamma}-radiation in female rats
This study was designed to investigate the radioprotective and biological effects of AXEPS in alleviating the toxicity of ionizing radiation in female albino rats. A total of 32 female albino rats were divided into four groups. In the control group, rats were administered vehicle by tube for four weeks. The second group was administered AXEPS (100 mg/kg) orally by gavage for four weeks. Animals in the third group were exposed to whole-body -rays (5 Gy) and remained for 2 weeks without treatment. The fourth group received AXEPS (100 mg/kg) orally by gavage for two weeks before being exposed to whole-body -rays (5 Gy), then ...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - March 17, 2016 Category: Physics Authors: Hassan, A. I., Ghoneim, M. A. M., Mahmoud, M. G., Asker, M. M. S., Mohamed, S. S. Tags: Radiation Physics/Chemistry Source Type: research
Determining organ dose conversion coefficients for external neutron irradiation by using a voxel mouse model
A set of fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients has been calculated for neutrons with energies <20 MeV using a developed voxel mouse model and Monte Carlo N-particle code (MCNP), for the purpose of neutron radiation effect evaluation. The calculation used 37 monodirectional monoenergetic neutron beams in the energy range 10–9 MeV to 20 MeV, under five different source irradiation configurations: left lateral, right lateral, dorsal–ventral, ventral–dorsal, and isotropic. Neutron fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients for selected organs of the body were presented in the paper, and the effect of irradi...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - March 17, 2016 Category: Physics Authors: Zhang, X., Xie, X., Qu, D., Ning, J., Zhou, H., Pan, J., Yang, G. Tags: Radiation Physics/Chemistry Source Type: research
External effective radiation dose to workers in the restricted area of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant during the third year after the Great East Japan Earthquake
In this study, we measured the annual effective radiation dose to workers in Iitate Village from 15 January to 13 December 2013. The workers stayed in Iitate for 10 h and left the village for the remaining 14 h each working day. They worked for 5 days each week in Iitate Village, but stayed outside of the village for the remaining 2 days each week. We found that the effective radiation dose of 70% of the workers was <2 mSv, including natural radiation; the maximum dose was 3.6 mSv. We estimated the potential annual additional effective radiation dose if people returned full-time to Iitate. Our analysis supports the plan...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - March 17, 2016 Category: Physics Authors: Sakumi, A., Miyagawa, R., Tamari, Y., Nawa, K., Sakura, O., Nakagawa, K. Tags: Radiation Epidemiology Source Type: research
Percutaneous fiducial marker placement prior to stereotactic body radiotherapy for malignant liver tumors: an initial experience
The aim of this study was to describe our initial experience with a gold flexible linear fiducial marker and to evaluate the safety and technical and clinical efficacy of stereotactic body radiotherapy using this marker for malignant liver tumors. Between July 2012 and February 2015, 18 patients underwent percutaneous fiducial marker placement before stereotactic body radiotherapy for malignant liver tumors. We evaluated the technical and clinical success rates of the procedure and the associated complications. Technical success was defined as successful placement of the fiducial marker at the target site, and clinical suc...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - March 17, 2016 Category: Physics Authors: Ohta, K., Shimohira, M., Murai, T., Nishimura, J., Iwata, H., Ogino, H., Hashizume, T., Shibamoto, Y. Tags: Clinical Radiation Oncology Source Type: research
Early-onset dropped head syndrome after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: dose constraints for neck extensor muscles
We reported this early-onset complication and analyzed the dose to the neck extensor muscles. We examined the records of three patients with DHS after radiotherapy. The doses to the neck extensor muscles were compared between three patients with DHS and nine patients without DHS. The mean dose to the neck extensor muscles of the three patients with DHS were 58.5 Gy, 42.3 Gy and 60.9 Gy, while the dose was <50 Gy in all nine patients in the control group. The onset of this syndrome was 5 months, 6 months and 15 months. The early-onset DHS may have something to do with dose to the neck extensor muscles. The proposed dose ...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - March 17, 2016 Category: Physics Authors: Inaba, K., Nakamura, S., Okamoto, H., Kashihara, T., Kobayashi, K., Harada, K., Kitaguchi, M., Sekii, S., Takahashi, K., Murakami, N., Ito, Y., Igaki, H., Uno, T., Itami, J. Tags: Clinical Radiation Oncology Source Type: research
Partial-brain radiotherapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma: multi-institutional experience
In this study, we evaluated the treatment outcome in PCNSL patients undergoing PBRT. Between 2003 and 2014, 24 patients were treated with PBRT; 16 received high-dose-methotrexate (MTX) –containing chemotherapy before PBRT. Conventional fractionation with a median dose of 54 Gy was used. For reference, 15 patients undergoing MTX-based chemotherapy and WBRT were also analyzed. The 3-year overall survival rate was 60% for all 24 patients undergoing PBRT and 68% for the 16 patients undergoing MTX-based chemotherapy plus PBRT. The 3-year progression-free survival rate was 41% for all 24 patients undergoing PBRT and 36% fo...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - March 17, 2016 Category: Physics Authors: Iwabuchi, M., Shibamoto, Y., Sugie, C., Ayakawa, S., Ogino, H., Baba, F. Tags: Clinical Radiation Oncology Source Type: research
