Comparison of dose-volume histograms between proton beam and X-ray conformal radiotherapy for locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer
This study indicated that some patients who cannot receive photon radiotherapy may be able to be treated using PBT. (Source: Journal of Radiation Research)
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - January 12, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Ohno, T., Oshiro, Y., Mizumoto, M., Numajiri, H., Ishikawa, H., Okumura, T., Terunuma, T., Sakae, T., Sakurai, H. Tags: Oncology Source Type: research
Results and DVH analysis of late rectal bleeding in patients treated with 3D-CRT or IMRT for localized prostate cancer
In patients undergoing radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer, dose–volume histograms and clinical variables were examined to search for correlations between radiation treatment planning parameters and late rectal bleeding. We analyzed 129 patients with localized prostate cancer who were managed from 2002 to 2010 at our institution. They were treated with 3D conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT, 70 Gy/35 fractions, 55 patients) or intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT, 76 Gy/38 fractions, 74 patients). All radiation treatment plans were retrospectively reconstructed, dose–volume histograms of the rectu...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - January 12, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Someya, M., Hori, M., Tateoka, K., Nakata, K., Takagi, M., Saito, M., Hirokawa, N., Hareyama, M., Sakata, K.-i. Tags: Oncology Source Type: research
Dosimetric benefits of placing dose constraints on the brachial plexus in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving intensity-modulated radiation therapy: a comparative study
In conclusion, placing dose constraints on the BP can significantly decrease the irradiated volume and dose, without compromising adequate dose delivery to the target volume. (Source: Journal of Radiation Research)
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - January 12, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Jiang, H., Lu, H., Yuan, H., Huang, H., Wei, Y., Zhang, Y., Liu, X. Tags: Oncology Source Type: research
Cell-permeable intrinsic cellular inhibitors of apoptosis protect and rescue intestinal epithelial cells from radiation-induced cell death
One of the important mechanisms for gastrointestinal (GI) injury following high-dose radiation exposure is apoptosis of epithelial cells. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) and cellular IAP2 (cIAP2) are intrinsic cellular inhibitors of apoptosis. In order to study the effects of exogenously added IAPs on apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells, we constructed bacterial expression plasmids containing genes of XIAP (full-length, BIR2 domain and BIR3-RING domain with and without mutations of auto-ubiquitylation sites) and cIAP2 proteins fused to a protein-transduction domain (PTD) derived from HIV-1 Tat protein (TAT) and...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - January 12, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Matsuzaki-Horibuchi, S., Yasuda, T., Sakaguchi, N., Yamaguchi, Y., Akashi, M. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Evaluation of the cell survival curve under radiation exposure based on the kinetics of lesions in relation to dose-delivery time
We have investigated the dose rate effects on cell damage caused by photon-beam irradiation. During a relatively long dose-delivery time with a low dose rate, lesions created in cells may undergo some reactions, such as DNA repair. In order to investigate these reactions quantitatively, we adopted the microdosimetric–kinetic (MK) model and deduced a cell surviving fraction (SF) formula for continuous irradiation. This model enabled us to estimate the SF from dose and dose rate. The parameters in the MK model were determined so as to generate the SF, and we attempted to evaluate the dose rate effects on the SF. To ded...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - January 12, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Matsuya, Y., Tsutsumi, K., Sasaki, K., Date, H. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Tumoricidal activity of low-energy 160-KV versus 6-MV X-rays against platinum-sensitized F98 glioma cells
The purposes of this study were (i) to investigate the differences in effects between 160-kV low-energy and 6-MV high-energy X-rays, both by computational analysis and in vitro studies; (ii) to determine the effects of each on platinum-sensitized F98 rat glioma and murine B16 melanoma cells; and (iii) to describe the in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo toxicity of a Pt(II) terpyridine platinum (Typ-Pt) complex. Simulations were performed using the Monte Carlo code Geant4 to determine enhancement in absorption of low- versus high-energy X-rays by Pt and to determine dose enhancement factors (DEFs) for a Pt-sensitized tumor ph...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - January 12, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Lim, S. N., Pradhan, A. K., Barth, R. F., Nahar, S. N., Nakkula, R. J., Yang, W., Palmer, A. M., Turro, C., Weldon, M., Bell, E. H., Mo, X. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Increased effectiveness of carbon ions in the production of reactive oxygen species in normal human fibroblasts
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially superoxide anions (O2·–), is enhanced in many normal and tumor cell types in response to ionizing radiation. The influence of ionizing radiation on the regulation of ROS production is considered as an important factor in the long-term effects of irradiation (such as genomic instability) that might contribute to the development of secondary cancers. In view of the increasing application of carbon ions in radiation therapy, we aimed to study the potential impact of ionizing density on the intracellular production of ROS, comparing photons (X-rays) with ...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - January 12, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Dettmering, T., Zahnreich, S., Colindres-Rojas, M., Durante, M., Taucher-Scholz, G., Fournier, C. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Chemical repair activity of free radical scavenger edaravone: reduction reactions with dGMP hydroxyl radical adducts and suppression of base lesions and AP sites on irradiated plasmid DNA
Reactions of edaravone (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one) with deoxyguanosine monophosphate (dGMP) hydroxyl radical adducts were investigated by pulse radiolysis technique. Edaravone was found to reduce the dGMP hydroxyl radical adducts through electron transfer reactions. The rate constants of the reactions were greater than 4 x 108 dm3 mol–1 s–1 and similar to those of the reactions of ascorbic acid, which is a representative antioxidant. Yields of single-strand breaks, base lesions, and abasic sites produced in pUC18 plasmid DNA by gamma ray irradiation in the presence of low concentrations (10–1000...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - January 12, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Hata, K., Urushibara, A., Yamashita, S., Lin, M., Muroya, Y., Shikazono, N., Yokoya, A., Fu, H., Katsumura, Y. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Identification of low-dose responsive metabolites in X-irradiated human B lymphoblastoid cells and fibroblasts
Ionizing radiation (IR) induces cellular stress responses, such as signal transduction, gene expression, protein modification, and metabolite change that affect cellular behavior. We analyzed X-irradiated human Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphoblastoid cells and normal fibroblasts to search for metabolites that would be suitable IR-responsive markers by Liquid Chromotography–Mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Mass spectra, as analyzed with principal component analysis, showed that the proportion of peaks with IR-induced change was relatively small compared with the influence of culture time. Dozens of peaks that ...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - January 12, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Tsuyama, N., Mizuno, H., Katafuchi, A., Abe, Y., Kurosu, Y., Yoshida, M., Kamiya, K., Sakai, A. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Combination of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha with existing therapies to enhance the antitumor effects on murine hepatoma
This study investigated whether intravenous injection of MIP-1α in conjunction with irradiation or sorafenib could enhance the antitumor effects on murine hepatoma. An HCa-I tumor was grown on the right thigh of each C3H/HeN mouse. Mice were then treated with 10 Gy of irradiation, sorafenib, or a combination of MIP-1α with either irradiation or sorafenib, and antitumor and antimetastatic effects were then investigated. To understand the mechanisms, changes in the level of immunological markers were also evaluated. Combination treatment of MIP-1α with irradiation or sorafenib resulted in a significant enha...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - January 12, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Jeong, K.-Y., Lee, E.-J., Yang, S.-H., Seong, J. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Effect of a 2.45-GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field on neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis in differentiated human HL-60 cells
The potential public health risks of radiofrequency (RF) fields have been discussed at length, especially with the use of mobile phones spreading extensively throughout the world. In order to investigate the properties of RF fields, we examined the effect of 2.45-GHz RF fields at the specific absorption rate (SAR) of 2 and 10 W/kg for 4 and 24 h on neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis in differentiated human HL-60 cells. Neutrophil chemotaxis was not affected by RF-field exposure, and subsequent phagocytosis was not affected either compared with that under sham exposure conditions. These studies demonstrated an initial i...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - January 12, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Koyama, S., Narita, E., Suzuki, Y., Taki, M., Shinohara, N., Miyakoshi, J. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Assessment of radionuclides in the soil of residential areas of the Chittagong metropolitan city, Bangladesh and evaluation of associated radiological risk
Soil samples from the three residential hubs of Chittagong city, Bangladesh were analyzed using gamma spectrometry to estimate radiation hazard due to natural radioactive sources and anthropogenic nuclide 137Cs. The activity concentration of 226Ra was found to be in the range 11–25 Bq.kg–1, 232Th in the range 38–59 Bq.kg–1 and 40K in the range 246–414 Bq.kg–1. These results were used to calculate the radiological hazard parameters including Excess of Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR). The estimated outdoor gamma exposure rates were 40.6–63.8 nGy.h–1. The radiation hazard index (rad...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - January 12, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Rashed-Nizam, Q. M., Rahman, M. M., Kamal, M., Chowdhury, M. I. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Dose- and time-dependent gene expression alterations in prostate and colon cancer cells after in vitro exposure to carbon ion and X-irradiation
Hadrontherapy is an advanced form of radiotherapy that uses beams of charged particles (such as protons and carbon ions). Compared with conventional radiotherapy, the main advantages of carbon ion therapy are the precise absorbed dose localization, along with an increased relative biological effectiveness (RBE). This high ballistic accuracy of particle beams deposits the maximal dose to the tumor, while damage to the surrounding healthy tissue is limited. Currently, hadrontherapy is being used for the treatment of specific types of cancer. Previous in vitro studies have shown that, under certain circumstances, exposure to ...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - January 12, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Suetens, A., Moreels, M., Quintens, R., Soors, E., Buset, J., Chiriotti, S., Tabury, K., Gregoire, V., Baatout, S. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Comparative efficacy and the window of radioprotection for adrenergic and serotoninergic agents and aminothiols in experiments with small and large animals
This review gives a comparative evaluation of the radioprotective properties and the therapeutic index (TI) of radioprotectors from various pharmacological group in experiments on both small and large animals. It presents a hypothesis explaining the decrease in the TI of cystamine and 5-methoxytryptamine (mexamine), and the retention of that of α1-adrenomimetic indralin, and also compares the effects on large and small animals. The considerable differences in the therapeutic indices of catecholamines, serotonin and cystamine are a consequence of specific features of their mechanisms of radioprotective action. Radiopr...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - January 12, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Vasin, M. V., Ushakov, I. B. Tags: Review Source Type: research
2014 JRR Terashima Award
(Source: Journal of Radiation Research)
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - November 11, 2014 Category: Physics Tags: Announcement Source Type: research
