Telomere length in Chernobyl accident recovery workers in the late period after the disaster
The outcome of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (CNPP) accident was that a huge number of people were exposed to ionizing radiation. Previous studies of CNPP clean-up workers from Latvia revealed a high occurrence of age-associated degenerative diseases and cancer in young adults, as well as a high mortality as a result of cardiovascular disorders at age 45–54 years. DNA tandem repeats that cap chromosome ends, known as telomeres, are sensitive to oxidative damage and exposure to ionizing radiation. Telomeres are important in aging processes and carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term ...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - November 11, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Reste, J., Zvigule, G., Zvagule, T., Kurjane, N., Eglite, M., Gabruseva, N., Berzina, D., Plonis, J., Miklasevics, E. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Significant disparity in base and sugar damage in DNA resulting from neutron and electron irradiation
In this study, a comparison of the effects of neutron and electron irradiation of aqueous DNA solutions was investigated to characterize potential neutron signatures in DNA damage induction. Ionizing radiation generates numerous lesions in DNA, including base and sugar lesions, lesions involving base–sugar combinations (e.g. 8,5'-cyclopurine-2'-deoxynucleosides) and DNA–protein cross-links, as well as single- and double-strand breaks and clustered damage. The characteristics of damage depend on the linear energy transfer (LET) of the incident radiation. Here we investigated DNA damage using aqueous DNA solution...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - November 11, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Pang, D., Nico, J. S., Karam, L., Timofeeva, O., Blakely, W. F., Dritschilo, A., Dizdaroglu, M., Jaruga, P. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Natural and anthropogenic radioactivity levels and the associated radiation hazard in the soil of Oodalia Tea Estate in the hilly region of Fatickchari in Chittagong, Bangladesh
Radioactivity in the soil of a tea garden in the Fatickchari area in Chittagong, Bangladesh, was measured using a high-resolution HPGe detector. The soil samples were collected from depths of up to 20 cm beneath the soil surface. The activity concentrations of naturally occurring 238U and 232Th were observed to be in the range of 27 ± 7 to 53 ± 8 Bq kg–1 and 36 ± 11 to 72 ± 11 Bq kg–1, respectively. The activity concentration of 40K ranged from 201 ± 78 to 672 ± 81 Bq kg–1, and the highest activity of fallout 137Cs observed was 10 ± 1 Bq kg–1. The ave...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - November 11, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Absar, N., Rahman, M. M., Kamal, M., Siddique, N., Chowdhury, M. I. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
The role of interleukin-13 in the removal of hyper-radiosensitivity by priming irradiation
It has previously been demonstrated that the presence of fetal bovine serum is necessary for TGF-β3 (transforming growth factor beta 3)-dependent elimination of low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity (HRS) in cells by 1 h of low-dose-rate -irradiation (0.2–0.3 Gy/h). The purpose of the present study was to identify the serum constituent involved. Two human HRS-positive (T-47D, T98G) cell lines were used. The effects of different pretreatments on HRS were investigated using the colony assay. Total inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels were measured using a cell-based ELISA assay. The serum factor was identified ...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - November 11, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Edin, N. F. J. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) protects skin cells from ionizing radiation via heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) overexpression
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenolic constituent of green tea, is a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger that may have therapeutic applications for the treatment of many disorders. Radiation therapy is widely used for the treatment of various types of cancers; however, radiation-induced skin injury remains a serious concern. EGCG has not yet been reported as protecting skin cells against ionizing radiation. In the present study, we investigated whether EGCG confers cytoprotection against ionizing radiation. We found that, compared with the control, pretreatment with EGCG significantly enhanced...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - November 11, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Zhu, W., Xu, J., Ge, Y., Cao, H., Ge, X., Luo, J., Xue, J., Yang, H., Zhang, S., Cao, J. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Protective effect and the therapeutic index of indralin in juvenile rhesus monkeys
The radioprotective effect of indralin in rhesus monkeys was examined over 60 d following gamma irradiation. Male and female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) 2–3-years-old and weighing 2.1–3.5 kg were used. Animals were exposed to total-body gamma irradiation from 60Co at a dose of 6.8 Gy (lethal dose, 100% lethality over 30 days). Indralin (40–120 mg kg–1) was administered intramuscularly 5 min prior to radiation exposure. Indralin taken at a dose of 120 mg kg–1 protected five out of six monkeys (compared with the radiation control group, in which all 10 animals died). The average effective d...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - November 11, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Vasin, M. V., Semenov, L. F., Suvorov, N. N., Antipov, V. V., Ushakov, I. B., Ilyin, L. A., Lapin, B. A. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Transitioning from conventional radiotherapy to intensity-modulated radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: changing focus from rectal bleeding to detailed quality of life analysis
In conclusion, the focus of toxicity analysis after radiotherapy for prostate cancer patients is changing from rectal bleeding to total elaborate quality of life assessment. (Source: Journal of Radiation Research)
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - November 11, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Yamazaki, H., Nakamura, S., Nishimura, T., Yoshida, K., Yoshioka, Y., Koizumi, M., Ogawa, K. Tags: Review Source Type: research
RBE and OER within the spread-out Bragg peak for proton beam therapy: in vitro study at the Proton Medical Research Center at the University of Tsukuba
In conclusion, biological homogeneity need not necessarily be taken into account for treatment planning for proton beam therapy at the University of Tsukuba. (Source: Journal of Radiation Research)
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - September 10, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Kanemoto, A., Hirayama, R., Moritake, T., Furusawa, Y., Sun, L., Sakae, T., Kuno, A., Terunuma, T., Yasuoka, K., Mori, Y., Tsuboi, K., Sakurai, H. Tags: Short Communications Source Type: research
Effects of Chk1 inhibition on the temporal duration of radiation-induced G2 arrest in HeLa cells
Chk1 inhibitor acts as a potent radiosensitizer in p53-deficient tumor cells by abrogating the G2/M checkpoint. However, the effects of Chk1 inhibitor on the duration of G2 arrest have not been precisely analyzed. To address this issue, we utilized a cell-cycle visualization system, fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell-cycle indicator (Fucci), to analyze the change in the first green phase duration (FGPD) after irradiation. In the Fucci system, G1 and S/G2/M cells emit red and green fluorescence, respectively; therefore, G2 arrest is reflected by an elongated FGPD. The system also allowed us to differentially analyze cell...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - September 10, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Nahar, K., Goto, T., Kaida, A., Deguchi, S., Miura, M. Tags: Short Communications Source Type: research
Feasibility of single-isocenter, multi-arc non-coplanar volumetric modulated arc therapy for multiple brain tumors using a linear accelerator with a 160-leaf multileaf collimator: a phantom study
The feasibility of single isocenter, multi-arc non-coplanar volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for multiple brain tumors was studied using an Elekta Synergy linear accelerator with an Agility multileaf collimator and a Monaco treatment planning system. Two VMAT radiosurgery plans consisting of a full arc and three half arcs were created with a prescribed dose of 20 Gy in a single fraction. After dose delivery to a phantom, ionization chambers and radiochromic films were used for dose measurement. The first VMAT radiosurgery plan had nine targets inside the phantom, and the doses were measured by the chambers at two di...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - September 10, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Iwai, Y., Ozawa, S., Ageishi, T., Pellegrini, R., Yoda, K. Tags: Technology Source Type: research
How air influences radiation dose deposition in multiwell culture plates: a Monte Carlo simulation of radiation geometry
The objective of our study was to quantify this error in culture plates with multiple wells. Radiation conditions were simulated with the GAMOS code, based on the GEANT4 code, and this was compared with a simulation performed with PENELOPE and measured data. We observed a slight underdosage of ~4% on the most superficial half of the culture medium. We believe that this underdosage does not have a significant effect on the dose received by culture cells deposited in a monolayer and adhered to the base of the wells. (Source: Journal of Radiation Research)
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - September 10, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Sabater, S., Berenguer, R., Honrubia-Gomez, P., Rivera, M., Nunez, A., Jimenez-Jimenez, E., Martos, A., Ramirez-Castillejo, C. Tags: Technology Source Type: research
Dosimetric and geometric evaluation of the use of deformable image registration in adaptive intensity-modulated radiotherapy for head-and-neck cancer
The aim of this study was to carry out geometric and dosimetric evaluation of the usefulness of a deformable image registration algorithm utilized for adaptive head-and-neck intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Data consisted of seven patients, each with a planning CT (pCT), a rescanning CT (ReCT) and a cone beam CT (CBCT). The CBCT was acquired on the same day (±1 d) as the ReCT (i.e. at Fraction 17, 18, 23, 24 or 29). The ReCT served as ground truth. A deformed CT (dCT) with structures was created by deforming the pCT to the CBCT. The geometrical comparison was based on the volumes of the deformed, and the manually d...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - September 10, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Eiland, R. B., Maare, C., Sjostrom, D., Samsoe, E., Behrens, C. F. Tags: Oncology Source Type: research
Delayed renal dysfunction after total body irradiation in pediatric malignancies
The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the incidence of delayed renal dysfunction after total body irradiation (TBI) in long-term survivors of TBI/hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Between 1989 and 2006, 24 pediatric patients underwent TBI as part of the conditioning regimen for HSCT at Chiba University Hospital. Nine patients who survived for more than 5 years were enrolled in this study. No patient had any evidence of renal dysfunction prior to the transplant according to their baseline creatinine levels. The median age at the time of diagnosis was 6 years old (range: 1–17 years old...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - September 10, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Watanabe Nemoto, M., Isobe, K., Togasaki, G., Kanazawa, A., Kurokawa, M., Saito, M., Harada, R., Kobayashi, H., Ito, H., Uno, T. Tags: Oncology Source Type: research
Feasibility study of stereotactic body radiotherapy for peripheral lung tumors with a maximum dose of 100 Gy in five fractions and a heterogeneous dose distribution in the planning target volume
We evaluated toxicity and outcomes for patients with peripheral lung tumors treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in a dose-escalation and dose-convergence study. A total of 15 patients were enrolled. SBRT was performed with 60 Gy in 5 fractions (fr.) prescribed to the 60% isodose line of maximum dose, which was 100 Gy in 5 fr., covering the planning target volume (PTV) surface (60 Gy/5 fr. – (60%-isodose)) using dynamic conformal multiple arc therapy (DCMAT). The primary endpoint was radiation pneumonitis (RP) ≥ Grade 2 within 6 months. Toxicities were graded according to the Common Terminology ...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - September 10, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Takeda, A., Oku, Y., Sanuki, N., Eriguchi, T., Aoki, Y., Enomoto, T., Kaneko, T., Nishimura, S., Kunieda, E. Tags: Oncology Source Type: research
Determining leaf trajectories for dynamic multileaf collimators with consideration of marker visibility: an algorithm study
The purpose of this study was to develop a leaf-setting algorithm for Dynamic Multileaf Collimator–Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (DMLC–IMRT) for optimal marker visibility. Here, a leaf-setting algorithm (called a Delta algorithm) was developed with the objective of maximizing marker visibility so as to improve the tracking effectiveness of fiducial markers during treatment delivery. The initial leaf trajectories were generated using a typical leaf-setting algorithm, then the leaf trajectories were adjusted by Delta algorithm operations (analytical computations and a series of matrix calculations) to ach...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - September 10, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Zhao, B., Dai, J. Tags: Oncology Source Type: research
