Evaluation of different set-up error corrections on dose-volume metrics in prostate IMRT using CBCT images
We investigated the effect of different set-up error corrections on dose–volume metrics in intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for prostate cancer under different planning target volume (PTV) margin settings using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. A total of 30 consecutive patients who underwent IMRT for prostate cancer were retrospectively analysed, and 7–14 CBCT datasets were acquired per patient. Interfractional variations in dose–volume metrics were evaluated under six different set-up error corrections, including tattoo, bony anatomy, and four different target matching groups. Set-up e...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - September 10, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Hirose, Y., Nakamura, M., Tomita, T., Kitsuda, K., Notogawa, T., Miki, K., Nakamura, K., Ishigaki, T. Tags: Oncology Source Type: research
High-dose concurrent chemo-proton therapy for Stage III NSCLC: preliminary results of a Phase II study
The aim of this report is to present the preliminary results of a Phase II study of high-dose (74 Gy RBE) proton beam therapy (PBT) with concurrent chemotherapy for unresectable locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients were treated with PBT and chemotherapy with monthly cisplatin (on Day 1) and vinorelbine (on Days 1 and 8). The treatment doses were 74 Gy RBE for the primary site and 66 Gy RBE for the lymph nodes without elective lymph nodes. Adapted planning was made during the treatment. A total of 15 patients with Stage III NSCLC (IIIA: 4, IIIB: 11) were evaluated in this study. The median follow-up...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - September 10, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Oshiro, Y., Okumura, T., Kurishima, K., Homma, S., Mizumoto, M., Ishikawa, H., Onizuka, M., Sakai, M., Goto, Y., Hizawa, N., Sato, Y., Sakurai, H. Tags: Oncology Source Type: research
Amplitude-based gated phase-controlled rescanning in carbon-ion scanning beam treatment planning under irregular breathing conditions using lung and liver 4DCTs
Amplitude-based gating aids treatment planning in scanned particle therapy because it gives better control of uncertainty with the gate window. We have installed an X-ray fluoroscopic imaging system in our treatment room for clinical use with an amplitude-based gating strategy. We evaluated the effects of this gating under realistic organ motion conditions using 4DCT data of lung and liver tumors. 4DCT imaging was done for 24 lung and liver patients using the area-detector CT. We calculated the field-specific target volume (FTV) for the gating window, which was defined for a single respiratory cycle. Prescribed doses of 48...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - September 10, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Mori, S., Inaniwa, T., Furukawa, T., Takahashi, W., Nakajima, M., Shirai, T., Noda, K., Yasuda, S., Yamamoto, N. Tags: Oncology Source Type: research
Esophageal perforation during or after conformal radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma
In conclusion, patients with T4 stage, extracapsular LN involving the esophagus, and those receiving a second course of RT should be given particular care to avoid perforation. The prognosis after perforation was poor. (Source: Journal of Radiation Research)
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - September 10, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Chen, H.-y., Ma, X.-m., Ye, M., Hou, Y.-l., Xie, H.-Y., Bai, Y.-r. Tags: Oncology Source Type: research
The impact of abdominal compression on outcome in patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy for primary lung cancer
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of abdominal compression (AC) on outcome in patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for primary lung cancer. We retrospectively reviewed data for 47 patients with histologically proven non-small cell lung cancer and lung tumour motion ≥8 mm treated with SBRT. Setup error was corrected based on bony structure. The differences in overall survival (OS), local control (LC) and disease-free survival (DFS) were evaluated to compare patients treated with AC (n = 22) and without AC (n = 25). The median follow-up was 42.6 months (range, 1.4–94.6 months). ...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - September 10, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Mampuya, W. A., Matsuo, Y., Ueki, N., Nakamura, M., Mukumoto, N., Nakamura, A., Iizuka, Y., Kishi, T., Mizowaki, T., Hiraoka, M. Tags: Oncology Source Type: research
Validation of accuracy in image co-registration with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in Gamma Knife radiosurgery
This study assesses the accuracy of image co-registration in a phantom study and evaluates its usefulness in clinical cases. Images of three kinds of phantoms and 11 patients are evaluated. In the phantom study, co-registration errors of the 3D coordinates were measured in overall stereotactic space and compared between stereotactic CT and diagnostic CT, stereotactic MRI and diagnostic MRI, stereotactic CT and diagnostic MRI, and stereotactic MRI and diagnostic MRI co-registered with stereotactic CT. In the clinical study, target contours were compared between stereotactic MRI and diagnostic MRI co-registered with stereota...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - September 10, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Nakazawa, H., Mori, Y., Komori, M., Shibamoto, Y., Tsugawa, T., Kobayashi, T., Hashizume, C. Tags: Oncology Source Type: research
Correlation between tumor size and blood volume in lung tumors: a prospective study on dual-energy gemstone spectral CT imaging
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between tumor size and blood volume for patients with lung tumors, using dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) and a gemstone spectral imaging (GSI) viewer. During the period from March 2011 to March 2013, 50 patients with 57 medically inoperable lung tumors underwent DECT before stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) of 50–60 Gy in 5–6 fractions. DECT was taken for pretreatment evaluation. The region-of-interest for a given spatial placement of the tumors was set, and averages for CT value, water density and iodine density were compared with tumor s...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - September 10, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Aoki, M., Takai, Y., Narita, Y., Hirose, K., Sato, M., Akimoto, H., Kawaguchi, H., Hatayama, Y., Miura, H., Ono, S. Tags: Oncology Source Type: research
Adjuvant single-fraction radiotherapy is safe and effective for intractable keloids
The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of high-dose, single-fraction electron beam radiotherapy for therapy-resistant keloids. Before 2010, intractable keloids were treated at our institution with post-operative irradiation of 6–15 Gy in 3–5 fractionations. For convenience and cost effectiveness, we have changed our treatment protocol to high-dose single-fraction radiotherapy. A total of 12 patients with 16 keloid lesions were treated from January 2010 to January 2013 in our department. A 10-Gy dose of electron irradiation was given within 72 h of the surgical excision. The mean follow...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - September 10, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Song, C., Wu, H.-G., Chang, H., Kim, I. H., Ha, S. W. Tags: Oncology Source Type: research
Clinical oxygen enhancement ratio of tumors in carbon ion radiotherapy: the influence of local oxygenation changes
In conclusion, our results suggest that hypoxia can influence the outcome of carbon ion radiotherapy because of the non-negligible oxygen effect at the low LETs in the SOBP. However, if LOCs occur, a relatively high level of tumor control probability is achievable with a large range of fractionation schedules for tumors with hypoxic subvolumes, but both hyperfractionation and hypofractionation should be pursued with caution. (Source: Journal of Radiation Research)
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - September 10, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Antonovic, L., Lindblom, E., Dasu, A., Bassler, N., Furusawa, Y., Toma-Dasu, I. Tags: Oncology Source Type: research
Methodological extensions of meta-analysis with excess relative risk estimates: application to risk of second malignant neoplasms among childhood cancer survivors treated with radiotherapy
Although radiotherapy is recognized as an established risk factor for second malignant neoplasms (SMNs), the dose response of SMNs following radiotherapy has not been well characterized. In our previous meta-analysis of the risks of SMNs occurring among children who have received radiotherapy, the small number of eligible studies precluded a detailed evaluation. Therefore, to increase the number of eligible studies, we developed a method of calculating excess relative risk (ERR) per Gy estimates from studies for which the relative risk estimates for several dose categories were available. Comparing the calculated ERR with ...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - September 10, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Doi, K., Mieno, M. N., Shimada, Y., Yonehara, H., Yoshinaga, S. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Ionizing radiation affects the expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in human monocytic cells through c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation
This study demonstrates that ionizing radiation modulates ligand-responsive TLR expression through the JNK pathway, depending on differentiation state. (Source: Journal of Radiation Research)
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - September 10, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Yoshino, H., Chiba, K., Saitoh, T., Kashiwakura, I. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Investigation into the role of the cholinergic system in radiation-induced damage in the rat liver and ileum
It has been previously shown that acetylcholine (ACh) may affect pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The role of the cholinergic system in radiation-induced inflammatory responses and tissue damage remains unclear. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the radio-protective properties of the cholinergic system in the ileum and the liver of rats. Rats were exposed to 8-Gy single-fraction whole-abdominal irradiation and were then decapitated at either 36 h or 10 d post-irradiation. The rats were treated either with intraperitoneal physiological saline (1 ml/kg), physostigmine (80 µg/kg) or...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - September 10, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Ozyurt, H., Ozden, A. S., CevIk, O., Ozgen, Z., CadIrcI, S., Elmas, M. A., Ercan, F., Şener, G., Goren, M. Z. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Biodosimetry estimation using the ratio of the longest:shortest length in the premature chromosome condensation (PCC) method applying autocapture and automatic image analysis
The combination of automatic image acquisition and automatic image analysis of premature chromosome condensation (PCC) spreads was tested as a rapid biodosimeter protocol. Human peripheral lymphocytes were irradiated with 60Co gamma rays in a single dose of between 1 and 20 Gy, stimulated with phytohaemaglutinin and incubated for 48 h, division blocked with Colcemid, and PCC-induced by Calyculin A. Images of chromosome spreads were captured and analysed automatically by combining the Metafer 4 and CellProfiler platforms. Automatic measurement of chromosome lengths allows the calculation of the length ratio (LR) of the long...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - September 10, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Gonzalez, J. E., Romero, I., Gregoire, E., Martin, C., Lamadrid, A. I., Voisin, P., Barquinero, J.-F., GarcIa, O. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Pencil beam scanning dosimetry for large animal irradiation
The space radiation environment imposes increased dangers of exposure to ionizing radiation, particularly during a solar particle event. These events consist primarily of low-energy protons that produce a highly inhomogeneous depth–dose distribution. Here we describe a novel technique that uses pencil beam scanning at extended source-to-surface distances and range shifter (RS) to provide robust but easily modifiable delivery of simulated solar particle event radiation to large animals. Thorough characterization of spot profiles as a function of energy, distance and RS position is critical to accurate treatment planni...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - September 10, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Lin, L., Solberg, T. D., Carabe, A., Mcdonough, J. E., Diffenderfer, E., Sanzari, J. K., Kennedy, A. R., Cengel, K. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Assessment of the effect of local application of amifostine on acute radiation-induced oral mucositis in guinea pigs
The aim of present study was to assess the radioprotective effects of the local application of amifostine to treat acute buccal mucositis in guinea pigs. A total of 32 guinea pigs were randomized into four groups: (Group A) topically administered 50 mg of amifostine plus radiotherapy (RT); (Group B) 100 mg amifostine plus RT; (Group C) normal saline plus RT; and (Group D) normal saline plus sham RT. The opportunity for administration was 15 min before irradiation. When administered, the cotton pieces that had been soaked with 0.5 ml amifostine solution or saline were applied gently on the buccal mucosa of each guinea pig f...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - September 10, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Li, C. J., Wang, S. Z., Wang, S. Y., Zhang, Y. P. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
