Radiation response of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and human pluripotent stem cells
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from human pluripotent stem cells are comparable with bone marrow-derived MSCs in their function and immunophenotype. The purpose of this exploratory study was comparative evaluation of the radiation responses of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow- (BMMSCs) and from human embryonic stem cells (hESMSCs). BMMSCs and hESMSCs were irradiated at 0 Gy (control) to 16 Gy using a linear accelerator commonly used for cancer treatment. Cells were harvested immediately after irradiation, and at 1 and 5 days after irradiation. Cell cycle analysis, colony forming ability (CFU-F), diff...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - March 13, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Islam, M. S., Stemig, M. E., Takahashi, Y., Hui, S. K. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Effects of fetal microwave radiation exposure on offspring behavior in mice
The recent rapid development of electronic communication techniques is resulting in a marked increase in exposure of humans to electromagnetic fields (EMFs). This has raised public concerns about the health hazards of long-term environmental EMF exposure for fetuses and children. Some studies have suggested EMF exposure in children could induce nervous system disorders. However, gender-dependent effects of microwave radiation exposure on cognitive dysfunction have not previously been reported. Here we investigated whether in utero exposure to 9.417-GHz microwave throughout gestation (Days 3.5–18) affected behavior, u...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - March 13, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Zhang, Y., Li, Z., Gao, Y., Zhang, C. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Whole-thorax irradiation induces hypoxic respiratory failure, pleural effusions and cardiac remodeling
We report that conditions resembling congestive heart failure contribute to death during radiation pneumonitis, which indicates new targets for therapy. (Source: Journal of Radiation Research)
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - March 13, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Medhora, M., Gao, F., Glisch, C., Narayanan, J., Sharma, A., Harmann, L. M., Lawlor, M. W., Snyder, L. A., Fish, B. L., Down, J. D., Moulder, J. E., Strande, J. L., Jacobs, E. R. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
In vivo measurement of dose distribution in patients' lymphocytes: helical tomotherapy versus step-and-shoot IMRT in prostate cancer
In radiotherapy, in vivo measurement of dose distribution within patients' lymphocytes can be performed by detecting gamma-H2AX foci in lymphocyte nuclei. This method can help in determining the whole-body dose. Options for risk estimations for toxicities in normal tissue and for the incidence of secondary malignancy are still under debate. In this investigation, helical tomotherapy (TOMO) is compared with step-and-shoot IMRT (SSIMRT) of the prostate gland by measuring the dose distribution within patients' lymphocytes. In this prospective study, blood was taken from 20 patients before and 10 min after their first irradiat...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - March 13, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Zwicker, F., Swartman, B., Roeder, F., Sterzing, F., Hauswald, H., Thieke, C., Weber, K.-J., Huber, P. E., Schubert, K., Debus, J., Herfarth, K. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Radiosensitizing effect of carboplatin and paclitaxel to carbon-ion beam irradiation in the non-small-cell lung cancer cell line H460
The present study investigated the ability of carboplatin and paclitaxel to sensitize human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells to carbon-ion beam irradiation. NSCLC H460 cells treated with carboplatin or paclitaxel were irradiated with X-rays or carbon-ion beams, and radiosensitivity was evaluated by clonogenic survival assay. Cell proliferation was determined by counting the number of viable cells using Trypan blue. Apoptosis and senescence were evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining, ...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - March 13, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Kubo, N., Noda, S.-e., Takahashi, A., Yoshida, Y., Oike, T., Murata, K., Musha, A., Suzuki, Y., Ohno, T., Takahashi, T., Nakano, T. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Evaluation of chemical phototoxicity, focusing on phosphorylated histone H2AX
Histone H2AX is a minor component of nuclear histone H2A. The phosphorylation of histone H2AX at Ser 139, termed -H2AX, was originally identified as an early event after the direct formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by ionizing radiation. Now, the generation of -H2AX is also considered to occur in association with secondarily formed DSBs by cellular processing such as DNA replication and repair at the site of the initial damage, including DNA adducts, crosslinks, and UV-induced photolesions. Therefore, -H2AX is currently attracting attention as a new biomarker for detecting various genotoxic insults. We have dete...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - March 13, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Ibuki, Y., Toyooka, T. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Mechanisms and biological importance of photon-induced bystander responses: do they have an impact on low-dose radiation responses
Elucidating the biological effect of low linear energy transfer (LET), low-dose and/or low-dose-rate ionizing radiation is essential in ensuring radiation safety. Over the past two decades, non-targeted effects, which are not only a direct consequence of radiation-induced initial lesions produced in cellular DNA but also of intra- and inter-cellular communications involving both targeted and non-targeted cells, have been reported and are currently defining a new paradigm in radiation biology. These effects include radiation-induced adaptive response, low-dose hypersensitivity, genomic instability, and radiation-induced bys...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - March 13, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Tomita, M., Maeda, M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Radial dependence of lineal energy distribution of 290-MeV/u carbon and 500-MeV/u iron ion beams using a wall-less tissue-equivalent proportional counter
Using a wall-less tissue-equivalent proportional counter for a 0.72-μm site in tissue, we measured the radial dependence of the lineal energy distribution, yf(y), of 290-MeV/u carbon ions and 500-MeV/u iron ion beams. The measured yf(y) distributions and the dose-mean of y, $${\overline{y}}_{D}$$, were compared with calculations performed with the track structure simulation code TRACION and the microdosimetric function of the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS). The values of the measured $${\overline{y}}_{D}$$ were consistent with calculated results within an error of 2%, but differences in the shape o...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - January 12, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Tsuda, S., Sato, T., Watanabe, R., Takada, M. Tags: Physics Source Type: research
A motion-compensated image filter for low-dose fluoroscopy in a real-time tumor-tracking radiotherapy system
In the real-time tumor-tracking radiotherapy system, a surrogate fiducial marker inserted in or near the tumor is detected by fluoroscopy to realize respiratory-gated radiotherapy. The imaging dose caused by fluoroscopy should be minimized. In this work, an image processing technique is proposed for tracing a moving marker in low-dose imaging. The proposed tracking technique is a combination of a motion-compensated recursive filter and template pattern matching. The proposed image filter can reduce motion artifacts resulting from the recursive process based on the determination of the region of interest for the next frame ...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - January 12, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Miyamoto, N., Ishikawa, M., Sutherland, K., Suzuki, R., Matsuura, T., Toramatsu, C., Takao, S., Nihongi, H., Shimizu, S., Umegaki, K., Shirato, H. Tags: Physics Source Type: research
Evaluation of endogenous control gene(s) for gene expression studies in human blood exposed to 60Co {gamma}-rays ex vivo
In this study, a comparative assessment of the gene expression of six widely used housekeeping endogenous control genes, namely 18S, ACTB, B2M, GAPDH, MT-ATP6 and CDKN1A, was undertaken for a range of 60Co -ray doses (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 Gy) at 8.4 Gy min–1 at 0 and 24 h post-irradiation time intervals. Using the NormFinder algorithm, real-time PCR data obtained from six individuals (three males and three females) were analyzed with respect to the threshold cycle (Ct) value and abundance, Ct pair-wise comparison, intra- and inter-group variability assessments, etc. GAPDH, either alone or in combination with 18S, wa...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - January 12, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Vaiphei, S. T., Keppen, J., Nongrum, S., Chaubey, R. C., Kma, L., Sharan, R. N. Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research
Clinical results and toxicity for short-course preoperative radiotherapy and total mesorectal excision in rectal cancer patients
Short-course preoperative radiotherapy (SCPRT) is an alternative method to chemoirradiation for patients with Stage II and III rectal cancer when no downsizing is needed, but there is still widespread reluctance to use this method because of fear of side effects from high-fraction doses. This paper reports on a single institution patient cohort of operated rectal cancer patients after SCPRT, evaluated for chronic adverse effects, local control, progression-free survival and overall survival. Altogether, 257 patients were treated with SCPRT and surgery including total mesorectal excision (92% total mesorectal excision = TME...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - January 12, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Sterzing, F., Hoehle, F., Ulrich, A., Jensen, A., Debus, J., Muenter, M. Tags: Oncology Source Type: research
Subjective voice quality, communicative ability and swallowing after definitive radio(chemo)therapy, laryngectomy plus radio(chemo)therapy, or organ conservation surgery plus radio(chemo)therapy for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer
This retrospective analysis focusses on the impact of therapy on perceived long-term post-cancer treatment function. A validated questionnaire including items and components for the assessment of communicative ability, quality of voice and swallowing was sent to 129 patients. All patients were treated between 1998 and 2007. A total of 76 patients (58.9%) with carcinoma of the larynx or hypopharynx replied to the questionnaire. Data was evaluated retrospectively. Therapy delivered was definitive radio(chemo)therapy (defchRT/RT) (21/76, 28%), laryngectomy + radio(chemo)therapy (LE + chRT/RT) (28/76, 37%), or larynx conservat...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - January 12, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Szuecs, M., Kuhnt, T., Punke, C., Witt, G., Klautke, G., Kramp, B., Hildebrandt, G. Tags: Oncology Source Type: research
Treatment outcomes using CyberKnife for brain metastases from lung cancer
We investigated the clinical outcomes following treatment using stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for brain metastases from lung cancer. A total of 67 patients with 109 brain metastases from lung cancer treated using CyberKnife between 1998 and 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. SRS (median dose, 24 Gy) was used to treat 79 lesions, and 3-fraction SRT (median dose, 30 Gy) was used to treat 30 lesions. The median follow-up time was 9.4 months (range, 0.4–125 months). The 1-year local control rate was 83.3%, and the 1-year distant brain failure rate was 30.1%. The median ...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - January 12, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Tamari, K., Suzuki, O., Hashimoto, N., Kagawa, N., Fujiwara, M., Sumida, I., Seo, Y., Isohashi, F., Yoshioka, Y., Yoshimine, T., Ogawa, K. Tags: Oncology Source Type: research
Whole-pelvic volumetric-modulated arc therapy for high-risk prostate cancer: treatment planning and acute toxicity
The objectives of this study were to evaluate dosimetric quality and acute toxicity of volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and daily image guidance in high-risk prostate cancer patients. A total of 100 consecutive high-risk prostate cancer patients treated with definitive VMAT with prophylactic whole-pelvic radiotherapy (WPRT) were enrolled. All patients were treated with a double-arc VMAT plan delivering 52 Gy to the prostate planning target volume (PTV), while simultaneously delivering 46.8 Gy to the pelvic nodal PTV in 26 fractions, followed by a single-arc VMAT plan delivering 26 Gy to the prostate PTV in 13 fracti...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - January 12, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Ishii, K., Ogino, R., Hosokawa, Y., Fujioka, C., Okada, W., Nakahara, R., Kawamorita, R., Tada, T., Hayashi, Y., Nakajima, T. Tags: Oncology Source Type: research
Identification of biomarkers for radiation-induced acute intestinal symptoms (RIAISs) in cervical cancer patients by serum protein profiling
This study suggests that serum proteomic analysis by SELDI-TOF MS can identify cervical cancer patients that are susceptible to RIAISs prior to pelvic radiotherapy. (Source: Journal of Radiation Research)
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - January 12, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Chai, Y., Wang, J., Gao, Y., Wang, T., Shi, F., Su, J., Yang, Y., Zhou, X., Song, L., Liu, Z. Tags: Oncology Source Type: research
