Current status and outcomes of patients developing PSA recurrence after prostatectomy who were treated with salvage radiotherapy: a JROSG surveillance study
The conditions and outcomes of Japanese patients with prostate cancer who developed PSA failure after radical prostatectomy (RP), and who were treated via salvage radiotherapy (S-RT), were surveyed. Clinical data on S-RT were gathered in questionnaires completed by facilities participating in the Japanese Radiation Oncology Study Group. S-RT was defined as external-beam radiotherapy delivered to the prostate beds of patients with prostate cancer who had eventually developed PSA failure, although their PSA values had at one stage attained levels <0.2 ng/ml following RP. Hormonal therapy was combined with S-RT in ~40% of ...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - July 9, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Mizowaki, T., Aoki, M., Nakamura, K., Yorozu, A., Kokubo, M., Karasawa, K., Kozuka, T., Nakajima, N., Sasai, K., Akimoto, T. Tags: Oncology Source Type: research
Prognostic factors, patterns of recurrence and toxicity for patients with esophageal cancer undergoing definitive radiotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of definitive chemo-radiation or radiotherapy alone in patients with esophageal cancer. We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of n = 238 patients with squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the esophagus treated with definitive radiotherapy with or without concomitant chemotherapy at our institution between 2000 and 2012. Patients of all stages were included to represent actual clinical routine. We performed univariate and multivariate analysis to identify prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS)...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - July 9, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Haefner, M. F., Lang, K., Krug, D., Koerber, S. A., Uhlmann, L., Kieser, M., Debus, J., Sterzing, F. Tags: Oncology Source Type: research
A surveillance study of intensity-modulated radiation therapy for postoperative cervical cancer in Japan
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) was recently introduced to the field of gynecologic malignancies; however, its value is not yet validated. A clinical trial is in preparation to investigate the efficacy and feasibility of IMRT for postoperative cervical cancer. The object of this study was to perform a surveillance study of IMRT for post-operative cervical cancer. A questionnaire regarding the precise methods of conducting IMRT was sent to six institutions that had already introduced IMRT for post-operative cervical cancer, and the data were analyzed. Half of the institutions used static IMRT and the others use...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - July 9, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Murakami, N., Okamoto, H., Isohashi, F., Murofushi, K., Ohno, T., Yoshida, D., Saito, M., Inaba, K., Ito, Y., Toita, T., Itami, J. Tags: Oncology Source Type: research
Stereotactic body radiotherapy for Stage I lung cancer with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: special reference to survival and radiation-induced pneumonitis
This retrospective study aimed to evaluate radiation-induced pneumonitis (RIP) and a related condition that we define in this report—prolonged minimal RIP (pmRIP)—after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for Stage I primary lung cancer in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We assessed 136 Stage I lung cancer patients with COPD who underwent SBRT. Airflow limitation on spirometry was classified into four Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grades, with minor modifications: GOLD 1 (mild), GOLD 2 (moderate), GOLD 3 (severe) and GOLD 4 (very severe). On this bas...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - July 9, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Inoue, T., Shiomi, H., Oh, R.-J. Tags: Oncology Source Type: research
Dosimetric comparison of three different treatment modalities for total scalp irradiation: the conventional lateral photon-electron technique, helical tomotherapy, and volumetric-modulated arc therapy
The aim of this study was to compare lateral photon–electron (LPE), helical tomotherapy (HT), and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans for total scalp irradiation. We selected a single adult model case and compared the dosimetric results for the three plans. All plans mainly used 6-MV photon beams, and the prescription dose was 60 Gy in 30 fractions. First, we compared the LPE, HT and VMAT plans, with all plans including a 1-cm bolus. We also compared HT plans with and without the bolus. The conformity indices for LPE, HT and VMAT were 1.73, 1.35 and 1.49, respectively. The HT plan showed the best conformity...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - July 9, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Song, J. H., Jung, J.-Y., Park, H.-W., Lee, G. W., Chae, S.-M., Kay, C. S., SON, S. H. Tags: Oncology Source Type: research
Retrospective biodosimetry using translocation frequency in a stable cell of occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation
In this study, while the frequency of reciprocal translocations was maintained at the initial level, dicentric chromosomes were decreased to 46.9% (31.0–76.5) of the initial frequency over the follow-up period. Our results support the long-term stability of reciprocal translocation through the cell cycle and validate the usefulness of translocation analysis as a retrospective biodosimetry for cases of occupational exposure. (Source: Journal of Radiation Research)
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - July 9, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Cho, M. S., Lee, J. K., Bae, K. S., Han, E.-A., Jang, S. J., Ha, W.-H., Lee, S.-S., Barquinero, J. F., Kim, W. T. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium prevents radiation-induced liver injury by inhibiting inflammation and protecting sinusoidal endothelial cells
This study aims to examine whether MSC-derived bioactive components are protective against radiation-induced liver injury in rats. MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) was generated from rat bone marrow–derived MSCs. The effect of MSC-CM on the viability of irradiated SECs was examined by flow cytometric analysis. Activation of the Akt and ERK pathways was analyzed by western blot. MSC-CM was also delivered to Sprague–Dawley rats immediately before receiving liver irradiation, followed by testing for pathological features, changes in serum hyaluronic acid, ALT, and inflammatory cytokine levels, and liver cell apopto...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - July 9, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Chen, Y.-X., Zeng, Z.-C., Sun, J., Zeng, H.-Y., Huang, Y.-, Zhang, Z.-Y. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Effects of indirect actions and oxygen on relative biological effectiveness: estimate of DSB induction and conversion induced by gamma rays and helium ions
This study aimed to quantify the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) when DSB induction and conversion from non-DSB clustered damage misrepair were used as biological endpoints. The results showed that both linear energy transfer (LET) and indirect action had a strong impact on the yields for DSB induction and conversion. RBE values for DSB induction and maximum DSB conversion of helium ions (LET = 120 keV/μm) to 60Co gamma rays were 3.0 and 3.2, respectively. These RBE values increased to 5.8 and 5.6 in the absence of interference of indirect action initiated by addition of 2-M dimethylsulfoxide. DSB conversion was...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - July 9, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Tsai, J.-Y., Chen, F.-H., Hsieh, T.-Y., Hsiao, Y.-Y. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Characteristics of human CD34+ cells exposed to ionizing radiation under cytokine-free conditions
To clarify the mechanisms underlying radiation-induced hematopoietic stem cell death, we investigated the effects of excessive ionizing radiation on the clonogenic potential of CD34+ cells obtained from human umbilical cord blood under cytokine-free conditions. The CD34+ cells were X-ray–irradiated (up to 2 Gy) and were cultured for 0–48 h under cytokine-free conditions. At various time-points, the CD34+ cells were investigated for survival, clonogenic potential and the generation of mitochondrial superoxide. At 12 h after X-ray irradiation, the number of viable cells had decreased to ~70–80% compared wit...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - July 9, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Ishikawa, J., Hayashi, N., Yamaguchi, M., Monzen, S., Kashiwakura, I. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Analysis of the antioxidative function of the radioprotective Japanese traditional (Kampo) medicine, hangeshashinto, in an aqueous phase
Oral mucositis (OM) is a common and painful complication of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Hangeshashinto (HST), a Japanese traditional medicine, is known to alleviate radiotherapy- and/or chemotherapy-induced OM; however, the detailed mechanism has not yet been clarified. The aim of the present study was to clarify the details of the antioxidative functions of HST against reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by radiation. The hydroxyl radical (•OH)–scavenging ability and the reduction ability was simultaneously measured using a modified electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin-trapping method. The s...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - July 9, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Matsumoto, C., Sekine-Suzuki, E., Nyui, M., Ueno, M., Nakanishi, I., Omiya, Y., Fukutake, M., Kase, Y., Matsumoto, K.-i. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Radio-sensitization effect of an mTOR inhibitor, temsirolimus, on lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) correlates with cell survival under hypoxia and regulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a key protein in hypoxia-related events. However, the role of mTOR in radio-resistance has not been fully investigated. Therefore, the effect of mTOR on the radio-resistance of cancer cells under hypoxia was evaluated using the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus. Clonogenic survival was examined in the A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line under normoxia or hypoxia, with or without temsirolimus. An oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) was calculated using the D10 values, the doses givin...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - July 9, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Ushijima, H., Suzuki, Y., Oike, T., Komachi, M., Yoshimoto, Y., Ando, K., Okonogi, N., Sato, H., Noda, S.-e., Saito, J.-i., Nakano, T. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Reprogramming mediated radio-resistance of 3D-grown cancer cells
In vitro 3D growth of tumors is a new cell culture model that more closely mimics the features of the in vivo environment and is being used increasingly in the field of biological and medical research. It has been demonstrated that cancer cells cultured in 3D matrices are more radio-resistant compared with cells in monolayers. However, the mechanisms causing this difference remain unclear. Here we show that cancer cells cultured in a 3D microenvironment demonstrated an increase in cells with stem cell properties. This was confirmed by the finding that cells in 3D cultures upregulated the gene and protein expression of the ...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - July 9, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Xue, G., Ren, Z., Grabham, P. W., Chen, Y., Zhu, J., Du, Y., Pan, D., Li, X., Hu, B. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Dose estimations for Iranian 11-year-old pediatric phantoms undergoing computed tomography examinations
In order to establish an organ and effective dose database for Iranian children undergoing computed tomography (CT) examinations, in the first step, two Iranian 11-year-old phantoms were constructed from image series obtained from CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Organ and effective doses for these phantoms were calculated for head, chest, abdomen–pelvis and chest–abdomen–pelvis (CAP) scans at tube voltages of 80, 100 and 120 kVp, and then they were compared with those of the University of Florida (UF) 11-year-old male phantom. Depth distributions of the organs and the mass of the surrounding tiss...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - July 9, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Akhlaghi, P., Miri-Hakimabad, H., Rafat-Motavalli, L. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
Relative clinical effectiveness of carbon ion radiotherapy: theoretical modelling for H&N tumours
In conclusion, this study showed that in silico modelling enables the study of a wide range of factors in the clinical considerations and could be an important step towards individualisation of RT treatments. (Source: Journal of Radiation Research)
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - July 9, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Antonovic, L., Dasu, A., Furusawa, Y., Toma-Dasu, I. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
A laser-plasma-produced soft X-ray laser at 89 eV generates DNA double-strand breaks in human cancer cells
While it has been expected that X-ray laser will be widely applied to biomedical studies, this has not been achieved to date and its biological effects such as DNA damage have not been evaluated. As a first step for its biological application, we developed a culture cell irradiation system, particularly designed for a plasma-driven soft X-ray laser pulse, to investigate whether the soft X-ray laser is able to induce DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in living cells or not. The human adenocarcimona cell line A549 was irradiated with the soft X-ray laser at a photon energy of 89 eV and the repair focus formation of the DSBs wa...
Source: Journal of Radiation Research - July 9, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Sato, K., Nishikino, M., Kawachi, T., Shimokawa, T., Imai, T., Teshima, T., Nishimura, H., Kando, M. Tags: Biology Source Type: research
