Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

A Comparison between Manual and Automated Evaluations of Tissue Microarray Patterns of Protein Expression
Tissue microarray technology enables us to evaluate the pattern of protein expression in large numbers of samples. However, manual data acquisition and analysis still represent a challenge because they are subjective and time-consuming. Automated analysis may thus increase the speed and reproducibility of evaluation. However, the reliability of automated analysis systems should be independently evaluated. Herein, the expression of phosphorylated AKT and mTOR was determined by ScanScope XT (Aperio; Vista, CA) and ACIS III (Dako; Glostrup, Denmark) and compared with the manual analysis by two observers. The percentage of lab...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - March 25, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Alvarenga, A. W., Coutinho-Camillo, C. M., Rodrigues, B. R., Rocha, R. M., Torres, L. F. B., Martins, V. R., da Cunha, I. W., Hajj, G. N. M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

A Correlative Method for Imaging Identical Regions of Samples by Micro-CT, Light Microscopy, and Electron Microscopy: Imaging Adipose Tissue in a Model System
We present a method in which a precise region of interest within an intact organism is spatially mapped in three dimensions by non-invasive micro-computed X-ray tomography (micro-CT), then further evaluated by light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Tissues are prepared as if for TEM including osmium fixation, which imparts soft tissue contrast in the micro-CT due to its strong X-ray attenuation. This method may therefore be applied to embedded, archived TEM samples. Upon selection of a two-dimensional (2-D) projection from a region of interest (ROI) within the three-dimensional volume, the epoxy-...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - March 25, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Sengle, G., Tufa, S. F., Sakai, L. Y., Zulliger, M. A., Keene, D. R. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

A Robust Procedure for Distinctively Visualizing Zebrafish Retinal Cell Nuclei Under Bright Field Light Microscopy
To simultaneously visualize individual cell nuclei and tissue morphologies of the zebrafish retina under bright field light microscopy, it is necessary to establish a procedure that specifically and sensitively stains the cell nuclei in thin tissue sections. This necessity arises from the high nuclear density of the retina and the highly decondensed chromatin of the cone photoreceptors, which significantly reduces their nuclear signals and makes nuclei difficult to distinguish from possible high cytoplasmic background staining. Here we optimized a procedure that integrates JB4 plastic embedding and Feulgen reaction for vis...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - February 25, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Fu, J., Fang, W., Zou, J., Sun, M., Lathrop, K., Su, G., Wei, X. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Novel Contrasting and Labeling Procedures for Correlative Microscopy of Thawed Cryosections
One of the major challenges for correlative microscopy is the preparation of the sample; the protocols for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fluorescence microscopy (FM) often prove to be incompatible. Here, we introduce 2+Staining: an improved contrasting procedure for Tokuyasu sections that yields both excellent positive membrane contrast in the TEM and bright fluorescence of the probe labeled on the section. 2+Staining involves the contrasting of the immunolabeled sections with 1% osmium tetroxide, 2% uranyl acetate and lead citrate in sequential steps, followed by embedding in 1.8% methyl cellulose. In additio...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - February 25, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Karreman, M. A., Van Donselaar, E. G., Agronskaia, A. V., Verrips, C. T., Gerritsen, H. C. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Mapping of Carboxypeptidase M in Normal Human Kidney and Renal Cell Carcinoma: Expression in Tumor-Associated Neovasculature and Macrophages
This study provides a detailed localization of CPM in healthy and diseased human kidneys. The results indicate a broad distribution of CPM along the renal tubular structures in the healthy kidney. CPM was identified at the parietal epithelium beneath the Bowman’s basement membrane and in glomerular mesangial cells. Capillaries, podocytes, and most interstitial cells were CPM negative. Tumor cells of renal cell carcinoma subtypes lose CPM expression upon dedifferentiation. Tissue microarray analysis demonstrated a correlation between low CPM expression and tumor cell type. CPM staining was intense on phagocytotic tumo...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - February 25, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Denis, C. J., Van Acker, N., De Schepper, S., De Bie, M., Andries, L., Fransen, E., Hendriks, D., Kockx, M. M., Lambeir, A.-M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Overexpression of PRMT5 Promotes Tumor Cell Growth and Is Associated with Poor Disease Prognosis in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
In this study, PRMT5 and Ki-67 expression were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in cohorts of normal, benign, and cancerous ovarian tissues. PRMT5 overexpression was observed in 83.1% (98/118) of EOCs, and it was significantly associated with serous type, poor differentiation, advanced tumor stage, lymph node invasion, presence of residual tumor, and high expression of Ki-67 (p<0.05, respectively). Moreover, overexpression of PRMT5 was an independent prognostic marker for decreased overall survival and progression-free survival in univariate survival analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis. In ovarian ca...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - February 25, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Bao, X., Zhao, S., Liu, T., Liu, Y., Liu, Y., Yang, X. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Protein Domain Histochemistry (PDH): Binding of the Carbohydrate Recognition Domain (CRD) of Recombinant Human Glycoreceptor CLEC10A (CD301) to Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Breast Cancer Tissues
Specialized protein domains bind to posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, such as phosphorylation or glycosylation. When such PTM-binding protein domains are used as analytical tools, the functional states of cells and tissues can be determined with high precision. Here, we describe the use of recombinant CLEC10A (CD301), a human glycoreceptor of the C-type lectin family, for the detection of ligands in sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded normal and cancerous mammary tissues. A construct, in which part of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) was deleted, was used as a negative control. In com...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - February 25, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Nollau, P., Wolters-Eisfeld, G., Mortezai, N., Kurze, A.-K., Klampe, B., Debus, A., Bockhorn, M., Niendorf, A., Wagener, C. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Regulation of ROCK Activity in Cancer
Cancer-associated changes in cellular behavior, such as modified cell-cell contact, increased migratory potential, and generation of cellular force, all require alteration of the cytoskeleton. Two homologous mammalian serine/threonine kinases, Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCK I and II), are key regulators of the actin cytoskeleton acting downstream of the small GTPase Rho. ROCK is associated with cancer progression, and ROCK protein expression is elevated in several types of cancer. ROCKs exist in a closed, inactive conformation under quiescent conditions, which is changed to an open, active conformation by the direct ...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - February 25, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Morgan-Fisher, M., Wewer, U. M., Yoneda, A. Tags: Review Source Type: research

Relation between Ultrastructural Localization, Changes in Caveolin-1, and Capillarization of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells in Human Hepatitis C-Related Cirrhotic Liver
This study was designed to elucidate the ultrastructural localization and change in caveolin-1 expression within human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) during the progression of cirrhosis caused by hepatitis C, using tissue sections prepared via perfusion-fixation. Normal control liver specimens and hepatitis C–related Child-Pugh A and C cirrhotic liver specimens were studied. Caveolin-1 in the liver sinusoids was examined via immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and immunoelectron microscopy. In control liver tissue, caveolin-1 was localized on caveolae mainly in arterial and portal endothelial cells of...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - January 26, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yamazaki, H., Oda, M., Takahashi, Y., Iguchi, H., Yoshimura, K., Okada, N., Yokomori, H. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Immunohistochemical Analysis of IA-2 Family of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in Rat Gastrointestinal Endocrine Cells
Islet-associated protein–2 (IA-2) and IA-2β (also known as phogrin) are unique neuroendocrine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). The IA-2 family of PTPs was originally identified from insulinoma cells and discovered to be major autoantigens in type 1 diabetes. Despite its expression in the neural and canonical endocrine tissues, data on expression of the IA-2 family of PTPs in gastrointestinal endocrine cells (GECs) are limited. Therefore, we immunohistochemically investigated the expression of the IA-2 family of PTPs in the rat gastrointestinal tract. In the stomach, IA-2 and IA-2β were express...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - January 26, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Gomi, H., Kubota-Murata, C., Yasui, T., Tsukise, A., Torii, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

High Expression of Survivin Is Prognostic of Shorter Survival but Not Predictive of Adjuvant Gemcitabine Benefit in Patients with Resected Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
This study aims to determine its prognostic value in resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma with or without adjuvant therapy and its predictive value in adjuvant gemcitabine benefit in patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This study included 118 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodectomy from 1999 to 2007, with no neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Forty-five patients received adjuvant gemcitabine. Survivin expression was assessed immunohistochemically and was graded as low (≤10% positive cells) and high (>10% positive cells) by recursive partitioning analysis. Prognostic factors, including tumor size, number of ...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - January 26, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Xie, H., Jiang, W., Xiao, S.-Y., Liu, X. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Bioinformatics Tools Allow Targeted Selection of Chromosome Enumeration Probes and Aneuploidy Detection
Accurate determination of cellular chromosome complements is a highly relevant issue beyond prenatal/pre-implantation genetic analyses or stem cell research, because aneusomy may be an important mechanism by which organisms control the rate of fetal cellular proliferation and the fate of regenerating tissues. Typically, small amounts of individual cells or nuclei are assayed by in situ hybridization using chromosome-specific DNA probes. Careful probe selection is fundamental to successful hybridization experiments. Numerous DNA probes for chromosome enumeration studies are commercially available, but their use in multiplex...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - January 26, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: O'Brien, B., Zeng, H., Polyzos, A. A., Lemke, K. H., Weier, J. F., Wang, M., Zitzelsberger, H. F., Weier, H.-U. G. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Murine Whole-Organ Immune Cell Populations Revealed by Multi-epitope-Ligand Cartography
In this study, we adapted this method to identify a large panel of murine leukocyte subpopulations in a whole frozen section of a peripheral lymph node. Using the resulting antibody library, we examined non-inflamed versus inflamed tissues of brain and spinal cord in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. The presence and activity of specific leukocyte subpopulations (different T cell subpopulations, dendritic cells, macrophages, etc.) could be assessed and the cellular localizations and the corresponding activation status in situ were investigated. The results were then correlated with quantitative RT-...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - January 26, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Eckhardt, J., Ostalecki, C., Kuczera, K., Schuler, G., Pommer, A. J., Lechmann, M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Cell and Tissue Microarray Technologies for Protein and Nucleic Acid Expression Profiling
Tissue microarray (TMA) and cell microarray (CMA) are two powerful techniques that allow for the immunophenotypical characterization of hundreds of samples simultaneously. In particular, the CMA approach is particularly useful for immunophenotyping new stem cell lines (e.g., cardiac, neural, mesenchymal) using conventional markers, as well as for testing the specificity and the efficacy of newly developed antibodies. We propose the use of a tissue arrayer not only to perform protein expression profiling by immunohistochemistry but also to carry out molecular genetics studies. In fact, starting with several tissues or cell ...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - January 26, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Cardano, M., Diaferia, G. R., Falavigna, M., Spinelli, C. C., Sessa, F., DeBlasio, P., Biunno, I. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Endothelial Tip Cells in Ocular Angiogenesis: Potential Target for Anti-Angiogenesis Therapy
Endothelial tip cells are leading cells at the tips of vascular sprouts coordinating multiple processes during angiogenesis. In the developing retina, tip cells play a tightly controlled, timely role in angiogenesis. In contrast, excessive numbers of tip cells are a characteristic of the chaotic pathological blood vessels in proliferative retinopathies. Tip cells control adjacent endothelial cells in a hierarchical manner to form the stalk of the sprouting vessel, using, among others, the VEGF-DLL-Notch signaling pathway, and recruit pericytes. Tip cells are guided toward avascular areas by signals from the local extracell...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - January 26, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Siemerink, M. J., Klaassen, I., Van Noorden, C. J. F., Schlingemann, R. O. Tags: Review Source Type: research