Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

High Expression of SOX2 and OCT4 Indicates Radiation Resistance and an Independent Negative Prognosis in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Radiotherapy (RT) as a preoperative or postoperative adjuvant or primary treatment is the most common management modality for locally advanced cervical cancer. Radioresistance of tumor cells remains a major therapeutic problem. Consequently, we aimed to explore if the stem cell biomarkers SOX2 and OCT4 protein could be used to predict radioresistance in patients with locally advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma (LACSCC). These 132 patients were divided into two groups (radiation-resistant and radiation-sensitive groups) according to progress-free survival (PFS). Using pretreatment paraffin-embedded tissues, we evaluat...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - June 25, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Shen, L., Huang, X., Xie, X., Su, J., Yuan, J., Chen, X. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Immunohistochemical Localization of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) and their Receptors in Solitary and Multiple Human Osteochondromas
The expression of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their cognate receptors (BMPRs) in osteochondromas has not been investigated. We determined the immunohistochemical localization and distribution of BMP-2/4, -6 and -7; BMP receptors BMPR-1A, BMPR-1B and BMPR-2; signal transducing proteins phosphorylated Smad1/5/8; and BMP antagonist noggin in the cartilaginous cap of solitary (SO) and multiple (MO) human osteochondromas and compared these with bovine growth plate and articular cartilage. The distribution and localization patterns for BMP-6, BMP-7, BMPR-1A and BMPR-2 were similar between the cartilaginous cap and the...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - June 25, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Cuellar, A., Inui, A., James, M. A., Borys, D., Reddi, A. H. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Quantitative Imaging of Preamyloid Oligomers, a Novel Structural Abnormality, in Human Atrial Samples
Abnormalities in atrial myocardium increase the likelihood of arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation (AF). The deposition of misfolded protein, or amyloidosis, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of many diseases, including human cardiomyopathies. We have shown that genes implicated in amyloidosis are activated in a cellular model of AF, with the development of preamyloid oligomers (PAOs). PAOs are intermediates in the formation of amyloid fibrils, and they are now recognized to be the cytotoxic species during amyloidosis. To investigate the presence of PAOs in human atrium, we developed a microscopic imagin...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - June 25, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Sidorova, T. N., Mace, L. C., Wells, K. S., Yermalitskaya, L. V., Su, P.-F., Shyr, Y., Byrne, J. G., Petracek, M. R., Greelish, J. P., Hoff, S. J., Ball, S. K., Glabe, C. G., Brown, N. J., Barnett, J. V., Murray, K. T. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Characterization of Leukocyte Formin FMNL1 Expression in Human Tissues
Formins are cytoskeleton regulating proteins characterized by a common FH2 structural domain. As key players in the assembly of actin filaments, formins direct dynamic cytoskeletal processes that influence cell shape, movement and adhesion. The large number of formin genes, fifteen in the human, suggests distinct tasks and expression patterns for individual family members, in addition to overlapping functions. Several formins have been associated with invasive cell properties in experimental models, linking them to cancer biology. One example is FMNL1, which is considered to be a leukocyte formin and is known to be overexp...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - May 25, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Gardberg, M., Heuser, V. D., Iljin, K., Kampf, C., Uhlen, M., Carpen, O. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Human Eosinophil Leukocytes Express Protein Disulfide Isomerase in Secretory Granules and Vesicles: Ultrastructural Studies
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) has fundamental roles in the oxidative folding of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of eukaryotic cells. The study of this molecule has been attracting considerable attention due to its association with other cell functions and human diseases. In leukocytes, such as neutrophils, PDI is involved with cell adhesion, signaling and inflammation. However, the expression of PDI in other leukocytes, such as eosinophils, important cells in inflammatory, allergic and immunomodulatory responses, remains to be defined. Here we used different approaches to investigate PDI expression within hu...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - May 25, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Dias, F. F., Amaral, K. B., Carmo, L. A. S., Shamri, R., Dvorak, A. M., Weller, P. F., Melo, R. C. N. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Marginal Zone Macrophage Receptor MARCO Is Trapped in Conduits Formed by Follicular Dendritic Cells in the Spleen
The marginal zone (MZ) region of the spleen plays an important role in leukocyte traffic and the removal of blood-borne pathogens by resident macrophages. Macrophage receptor with a collagenous structure (MARCO), expressed by MZ macrophages, recognizes several microbial ligands and is also involved in the retention of MZ B cells. Here, we report that MARCO is also associated with follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) in the spleen. In its FDC-associated form MARCO is arranged in 0.3–0.5-μm diameter granular-fibrillar structures with an appearance similar to the white pulp conduit system formed by fibroblastic reticula...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - May 25, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kellermayer, Z., Fisi, V., Mihalj, M., Berta, G., Kobor, J., Balogh, P. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Characterization of Endoneurial Fibroblast-like Cells from Human and Rat Peripheral Nerves
Endoneurial fibroblast-like cells (EFLCs) are one of the cell populations present in the peripheral nervous system. The role and immunophenotypic characteristics of EFLCs are not well known and led us to perform a histological and cytological study of EFLCs in normal human and rat peripheral nerves. We found that all EFLCs express CD34, neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2), and prolyl-4-hydrolase-beta. In addition, half of the EFLCs in normal peripheral nerves express platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β) and some also express the intermediate filament nestin in vivo (at a lower level than Schwann cells, wh...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - May 25, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Richard, L., Vedrenne, N., Vallat, J.-M., Funalot, B. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Characterizing and Diminishing Autofluorescence in Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Human Respiratory Tissue
Tissue autofluorescence frequently hampers visualization of immunofluorescent markers in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded respiratory tissues. We assessed nine treatments reported to have efficacy in reducing autofluorescence in other tissue types. The three most efficacious were Eriochrome black T, Sudan black B and sodium borohydride, as measured using white light laser confocal 2 (multi-lambda) analysis. We also assessed the impact of steam antigen retrieval and serum application on human tracheal tissue autofluorescence. Functionally fitting this 2 data to 2-dimensional Gaussian surfaces revealed that steam antigen ret...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - May 25, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Davis, A. S., Richter, A., Becker, S., Moyer, J. E., Sandouk, A., Skinner, J., Taubenberger, J. K. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Validating Antibodies to the Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor: Antibody Sensitivity Is Not Evidence of Antibody Specificity
In this report, we investigate one of the most commonly utilized commercial antibodies for the cannabinoid CB2 receptor, a GPCR, using immunoblotting in combination with mass spectrometry. In this way, we were able to develop powerful negative and novel positive controls. By doing this, we are able to demonstrate that it is possible for an antibody to be sensitive for a protein of interest—in this case CB2—but still cross-react with other proteins and therefore lack specificity. Specifically, we were able to use western blotting combined with mass spectrometry to unequivocally identify CB2 protein in over-expre...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - May 25, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Marchalant, Y., Brownjohn, P. W., Bonnet, A., Kleffmann, T., Ashton, J. C. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Brain Barriers and a Subpopulation of Astroglial Progenitors of Developing Human Forebrain Are Immunostained for the Glycoprotein YKL-40
YKL-40, a glycoprotein involved in cell differentiation, has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, angiogenesis, neuroinflammation and glioblastomas. We evaluated YKL-40 protein distribution in the early human forebrain using double-labeling immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactivity was detected in neuroepithelial cells, radial glial end feet, leptomeningeal cells and choroid plexus epithelial cells. The subpial marginal zone was YKL-40-positive, particularly in the hippocampus, from an early beginning stage in its development. Blood vessels in the intermediate and subventricular zones show...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - April 29, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Bjornbak, C., Brochner, C. B., Larsen, L. A., Johansen, J. S., Mollgard, K. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Down-regulation of Heat Shock Protein HSP90ab1 in Radiation-damaged Lung Cells other than Mast Cells
Ionizing radiation (IR) leads to fibrosing alveolitis (FA) after a lag period of several weeks to months. In a rat model, FA starts at 8 weeks after IR. Before that, at 5.5 weeks after IR, the transcription factors Sp1 (stimulating protein 1) and AP-1 (activator protein 1) are inactivated. To find genes/proteins that were down-regulated at that time, differentially expressed genes were identified in a subtractive cDNA library and verified by quantitative RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction), western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IH). The mRNA of the molecular chaperone HSP90AB1 (heat shock protein ...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - April 29, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Haase, M. G., Geyer, P., Fitze, G., Baretton, G. B. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Expression of G-Protein Subunit {alpha}-14 Is Increased in Human Placentas from Preeclamptic Pregnancies
G-proteins mediate cellular function upon interaction with G-protein coupled receptors. Of the 16 mammalian G-protein α subunits identified, G-protein subunit α-11 (GNA11) and -14 (GNA14) have been implicated in modulating hypertension and endothelial function. However, little is known about their expression and roles in human placentas. Here, we examined GNA11 and GNA14 protein expression in first trimester (FT), normal term (NT), and severe preeclamptic (sPE) human placentas as well as in NT human umbilical cords. We found that GNA11 and GNA14 were immunolocalized primarily in trophoblasts, villous stromal ce...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - April 29, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zhao, Y.-J., Zou, Q.-Y., Li, Y., Li, H.-H., Wu, Y.-M., Li, X.-F., Wang, K., Zheng, J. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Profiling of Phospho-AKT, Phospho-mTOR, Phospho-MAPK and EGFR in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Activation of numerous pathways has been documented in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has emerged as a common therapeutic target. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and AKT signaling pathways are downstream of EGFR and deregulated via genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in many human cancers. We evaluated selected markers in the EGFR pathway with reference to outcome. Tissues from 220 cases of NSCLC patients presented in a tissue microarray were assayed with immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated AKT, phosphorylated MAPK, phosphorylated mTOR, and EGFR and then quantified...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - April 29, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kitano, H., Chung, J.-Y., Ylaya, K., Conway, C., Takikita, M., Fukuoka, J., Doki, Y., Hanaoka, J., Hewitt, S. M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

The Use of Mouse Models of Breast Cancer and Quantitative Image Analysis to Evaluate Hormone Receptor Antigenicity after Microwave-assisted Formalin Fixation
Microwave methods of fixation can dramatically shorten fixation times while preserving tissue structure; however, it remains unclear if adequate tissue antigenicity is preserved. To assess and validate antigenicity, robust quantitative methods and animal disease models are needed. We used two mouse mammary models of human breast cancer to evaluate microwave-assisted and standard 24-hr formalin fixation. The mouse models expressed four antigens prognostic for breast cancer outcome: estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, Ki67, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Using pathologist evaluation and novel methods of ...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - April 29, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Engelberg, J. A., Giberson, R. T., Young, L. J. T., Hubbard, N. E., Cardiff, R. D. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Profilin-1 Promotes the Development of Hypertension-induced Artery Remodeling
Hypertension is associated with the structural remodeling and stiffening of arteries and is known to increase cardiovascular risk. In the present study, we investigated the effects of overexpression and knock down of profilin-1 on the vascular structural remodeling in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) using an adenovirus injection to knock down or overexpress profilin-1 mRNA. As a control, blank adenovirus was injected into age-matched SHRs and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs). We quantified arterial structural remodeling through morphological methods, with thoracic aortas stained with hematoxylin–eosin and picosirius red...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - March 25, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Gao, H., Zhao, S., Ji, X., Liu, X., You, B., Li, X., Qiu, J. Tags: Articles Source Type: research