Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

The Bone-Inflammation-Cartilage (BIC) Stain: A Novel Staining Method Combining Safranin O and Van Gieson's Stains
(Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry)
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - August 25, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Bergmann, B., Molne, J., Gjertsson, I. Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Image Analysis or Stereology: Which to Choose for Quantifying Fibrosis?
(Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry)
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - August 25, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Marcos, R., Braganca, B., Fontes-Sousa, A. P. Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Silencing SOX2 Expression by RNA Interference Inhibits Proliferation, Invasion and Metastasis, and Induces Apoptosis through MAP4K4/JNK Signaling Pathway in Human Laryngeal Cancer TU212 Cells
SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2) plays an important role in tumor cell metastasis and apoptosis. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), responsible for 1.5% of all cancers, is one of the most common head and neck malignancies. Accumulating evidence shows that SOX2 is overexpressed in several human tumors, including lung cancer, esophageal carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, breast cancer, ovarian carcinoma and glioma. Our study aimed to investigate the silencing effects of SOX2 expression using RNA interference (RNAi) on various biological processes in laryngeal cancer TU212 cells, including proliferation, apopt...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - August 25, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yang, N., Wang, Y., Hui, L., Li, X., Jiang, X. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Decorin in Human Colon Cancer: Localization In Vivo and Effect on Cancer Cell Behavior In Vitro
Decorin is generally recognized as a tumor suppressing molecule. Nevertheless, although decorin has been shown to be differentially expressed in malignant tissues, it has often remained unclear whether, in addition to non-malignant stromal cells, cancer cells also express it. Here, we first used two publicly available databases to analyze the current information about decorin expression and immunoreactivity in normal and malignant human colorectal tissue samples. The analyses demonstrated that decorin expression and immunoreactivity may vary in cancer cells of human colorectal tissues. Therefore, we next examined decorin e...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - August 25, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Nyman, M. C., Sainio, A. O., Pennanen, M. M., Lund, R. J., Vuorikoski, S., Sundstrom, J. T. T., Jarvelainen, H. T. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Using Pharmacokinetic Profiles and Digital Quantification of Stained Tissue Microarrays as a Medium-Throughput, Quantitative Method for Measuring the Kinetics of Early Signaling Changes Following Integrin-Linked Kinase Inhibition in an In Vivo Model of Cancer
A small molecule inhibitor (QLT0267) targeting integrin-linked kinase is able to slow breast tumor growth in vivo; however, the mechanism of action remains unknown. Understanding how targeting molecules involved in intersecting signaling pathways impact disease is challenging. To facilitate this understanding, we used tumor tissue microarrays (TMA) and digital image analysis for quantification of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in order to investigate how QLT0267 affects signaling pathways in an orthotopic model of breast cancer over time. Female NCR nude mice were inoculated with luciferase-positive human breast tumor cells (L...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - August 25, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kalra, J., Dragowska, W. H., Bally, M. B. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Standardizing Immunohistochemistry: A New Reference Control for Detecting Staining Problems
A new standardized immunohistochemistry (IHC) control for breast cancer testing comprises formalin-fixed human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, estrogen receptor, or progesterone receptor peptide antigens covalently attached to 8-µm glass beads. The antigen-coated beads are suspended in a liquid matrix that hardens upon pipetting onto a glass microscope slide. The antigen-coated beads remain in place through deparaffinization, antigen retrieval, and immunostaining. The intensity of the beads’ stain provides feedback regarding the efficacy of both antigen retrieval and immunostaining. As a first report, we te...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - August 25, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Sompuram, S. R., Vani, K., Tracey, B., Kamstock, D. A., Bogen, S. A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Determination of Optimal Sample Size for Quantification of {beta}-Cell Area, Amyloid Area and {beta}-Cell Apoptosis in Isolated Islets
Culture of isolated rodent islets is widely used in diabetes research to assess different endpoints, including outcomes requiring histochemical staining. As islet yields during isolation are limited, we determined the number of islets required to obtain reliable data by histology. We found that mean values for insulin-positive β-cell area/islet area, thioflavin S-positive amyloid area/islet area and β-cell apoptosis do not vary markedly when more than 30 islets are examined. Measurement variability declines as more islets are quantified, so that the variability of the coefficient of variation (CV) in human islet ...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - July 27, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Meier, D. T., Entrup, L., Templin, A. T., Hogan, M. F., Samarasekera, T., Zraika, S., Boyko, E. J., Kahn, S. E. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Characterization of Antibodies to Products of Proinsulin Processing Using Immunofluorescence Staining of Pancreas in Multiple Species
This study aimed to identify and characterize antibodies that can be used to detect products of proinsulin processing by immunofluorescence staining in pancreata from different species (mice, rats, dog, pig and human). We took advantage of several knockout mouse lines that lack either an enzyme involved in proinsulin processing or an insulin gene. Briefly, we report antibodies that are specific for several proinsulin processing products, including: a) insulin or proinsulin that has been appropriately processed at the B-C junction; b) proinsulin with a non-processed B-C junction; c) proinsulin with a non-processed A-C junct...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - July 27, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Asadi, A., Bruin, J. E., Kieffer, T. J. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Human Islets Have Fewer Blood Vessels than Mouse Islets and the Density of Islet Vascular Structures Is Increased in Type 2 Diabetes
Human and rodent islets differ substantially in several features, including architecture, cell composition, gene expression and some aspects of insulin secretion. Mouse pancreatic islets are highly vascularized with interactions between islet endothelial and endocrine cells being important for islet cell differentiation and function. To determine whether human islets have a similar high degree of vascularization and whether this is altered with diabetes, we examined the vascularization of islets from normal human subjects, subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and normal mice. Using an integrated morphometry approach to qua...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - July 27, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Brissova, M., Shostak, A., Fligner, C. L., Revetta, F. L., Washington, M. K., Powers, A. C., Hull, R. L. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Heterogeneity and Lobularity of Pancreatic Pathology in Type 1 Diabetes during the Prediabetic Phase
In this report, we studied pancreas tissue from a 22-year-old non-diabetic male cadaveric organ donor who had been at high risk of developing T1D, in which autoantibodies against GAD and IA-2 were detected. Pancreas sections were analyzed for signs of inflammation. Multiple insulin-containing islets were identified, which hyper-expressed MHC-I. However, islet density and MHC-I expression exhibited a highly lobular and heterogeneous pattern even within the same section. In addition, many islets with high expression of MHC-I presented higher levels of CD8 T cell infiltration than normal islets. These results demonstrate the ...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - July 27, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Rodriguez-Calvo, T., Suwandi, J. S., Amirian, N., Zapardiel-Gonzalo, J., Anquetil, F., Sabouri, S., von Herrath, M. G. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

MMTV/LTR Promoter-Driven Transgenic Expression of EpCAM Leads to the Development of Large Pancreatic Islets
Our previous work demonstrated an important role of EpCAM in the regulation of pancreatic cell adhesion, growth and differentiation. Here we investigated the consequences of human EpCAM (hEpCAM) overexpression under the control of the MMTV-LTR promoter, known to drive robust gene expression in a number of ductal epithelia, including the pancreas. In this animal model (MMTV-hEpCAM) we uncovered a striking pancreatic phenotype exhibiting a 12-fold increase in the islet cell mass, with normal expression patterns of insulin and the transcription factor PDX-1. Intriguingly, these large islet clusters revealed an altered archite...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - July 27, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Vercollone, J. R., Balzar, M., Litvinov, S. V., Yang, W., Cirulli, V. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Human Islet Morphology Revisited: Human and Rodent Islets Are Not So Different After All
There has been great interest in understanding how human islets differ from rodent islets. Three major issues about human islet morphology have remained controversial over recent decades: 1) the proportion of the islet made up of β-cells; 2) whether islet cell types have a non-random mantle-core pattern, as seen in rodents, or are randomly scattered throughout the islet; 3) the relation of the different cell types to the blood vessels within the islet, which has implications for intraislet function. We re-examined these issues on immunostained sections of non-diabetic adult human pancreas. The composition of the islet...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - July 27, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Bonner-Weir, S., Sullivan, B. A., Weir, G. C. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Hyaluronan: A Mediator of Islet Dysfunction and Destruction in Diabetes?
Hyaluronan (HA) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) component that is present in mouse and human islet ECM. HA is localized in peri-islet and intra-islet regions adjacent to microvessels. HA normally exists in a high molecular weight form, which is anti-inflammatory. However, under inflammatory conditions, HA is degraded into fragments that are proinflammatory. HA accumulates in islets of human subjects with recent onset type 1 diabetes (T1D), and is associated with myeloid and lymphocytic islet infiltration, suggesting a possible role for HA in insulitis. A similar accumulation of HA, in amount and location, occurs in non-ob...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - July 27, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Hull, R. L., Bogdani, M., Nagy, N., Johnson, P. Y., Wight, T. N. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Alpha-, Delta- and PP-cells: Are They the Architectural Cornerstones of Islet Structure and Co-ordination?
Islet non-β-cells, the α- - and pancreatic polypeptide cells (PP-cells), are important components of islet architecture and intercellular communication. In α-cells, glucagon is found in electron-dense granules; granule exocytosis is calcium-dependent via P/Q-type Ca2+-channels, which may be clustered at designated cell membrane sites. Somatostatin-containing -cells are neuron-like, creating a network for intra-islet communication. Somatostatin 1-28 and 1-14 have a short bioactive half-life, suggesting inhibitory action via paracrine signaling. PP-cells are the most infrequent islet cell type. The embryolog...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - July 27, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Brereton, M. F., Vergari, E., Zhang, Q., Clark, A. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Progenitor Epithelium: Sorting Out Pancreatic Lineages
Insulin-producing β cells within the vertebrate fetal pancreas acquire their fate in a step-wise manner. Whereas the intrinsic factors dictating the transcriptional or epigenetic status of pancreatic lineages have been intensely examined, less is known about cell–cell interactions that might constitute a niche for the developing β cell lineage. It is becoming increasingly clear that understanding and recapitulating these steps may instruct in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells and/or therapeutic regeneration. Indeed, directed differentiation techniques have improved since transitioning from 2D to...
Source: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry - July 27, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Marty-Santos, L., Cleaver, O. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research