CD4 memory T cells develop and acquire functional competence by sequential cognate interactions and stepwise gene regulation
This study demonstrates that CD4+ T cells develop into antigen-specific memory T cells that can promote the terminal differentiation of memory B cells far more effectively than their naive T-cell counterparts. Memory T cell development requires the transcription factor B-cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6), which is known to direct T-follicular helper (Tfh) cell differentiation. However, unlike Tfh cells, memory T cell development did not require germinal center B cells. Curiously, memory T cells that develop in the absence of cognate B cells cannot promote memory B-cell recall responses and this defect was accompanied by down-regulati...
Source: International Immunology - May 29, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kaji, T., Hijikata, A., Ishige, A., Kitami, T., Watanabe, T., Ohara, O., Yanaka, N., Okada, M., Shimoda, M., Taniguchi, M., Takemori, T. Tags: featured content Source Type: research
In This Issue
(Source: International Immunology)
Source: International Immunology - May 29, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: In This Issue Source Type: research
Outstanding Merit Award for 2015
(Source: International Immunology)
Source: International Immunology - May 29, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Award Source Type: research
Table of Contents
(Source: International Immunology)
Source: International Immunology - May 29, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
Subscriptions
(Source: International Immunology)
Source: International Immunology - May 29, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
Cover
(Source: International Immunology)
Source: International Immunology - May 29, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
CXCR6 regulates the recruitment of pro-inflammatory IL-17A-producing T cells into atherosclerotic aortas
The adaptive immune response is involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis and IL-17A+ cells play a role in this disease. Although elevated number of CD4+ IL-17A+ (Th17) and IL-17A+TCR+ T cells are found within murine atherosclerotic aortas and human plaques, the mechanisms governing IL-17A+ T-cell migration to atherosclerotic lesions are unclear. The chemokine receptor CXCR6 is expressed on several T-cell subsets and plays a pro-atherogenic role in atherosclerosis. Here, we used CXCR6-deficient (Cxcr6 GFP/GFP ) apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe –/– ) mice to investigate the involveme...
Source: International Immunology - April 27, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Butcher, M. J., Wu, C.-I., Waseem, T., Galkina, E. V. Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
Antimicrobial cathelicidin peptide LL-37 inhibits the pyroptosis of macrophages and improves the survival of polybacterial septic mice
LL-37 is the only known member of the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides in humans. In addition to its broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities, LL-37 can modulate various inflammatory reactions. We previously revealed that LL-37 suppresses the LPS/ATP-induced pyroptosis of macrophages in vitro by both neutralizing the action of LPS and inhibiting the response of P2X7 (a nucleotide receptor) to ATP. Thus, in this study, we further evaluated the effect of LL-37 on pyroptosis in vivo using a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis model. As a result, the intravenous administration of LL-37 improved the survival...
Source: International Immunology - April 27, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Hu, Z., Murakami, T., Suzuki, K., Tamura, H., Reich, J., Kuwahara-Arai, K., Iba, T., Nagaoka, I. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Innate-like function of memory Th17 cells for enhancing endotoxin-induced acute lung inflammation through IL-22
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is known as a mouse model of acute respiratory distress syndrome; however, the function of T-cell-derived cytokines in ALI has not yet been established. We found that LPS challenge in one lung resulted in a rapid induction of innate-type pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α, followed by the expression of T-cell-type cytokines, including IL-17, IL-22 and IFN-. We discovered that IL-23 is important for ALI, since blockage of IL-23 by gene disruption or anti-IL-12/23p40 antibody treatment reduced neutrophil infiltration and inflammatory cytokine secre...
Source: International Immunology - April 27, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Sakaguchi, R., Chikuma, S., Shichita, T., Morita, R., Sekiya, T., Ouyang, W., Ueda, T., Seki, H., Morisaki, H., Yoshimura, A. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
TLR7 and TLR9 ligands regulate antigen presentation by macrophages
The toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important innate receptors recognizing potentially pathogenic material. However, they also play a significant role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, autoimmunity and the susceptibility to viral infections. Macrophages are essential for an effective immune response to foreign material and the resolution of inflammation. In these studies, we examined the impact of different TLR ligands on macrophage cell function. We demonstrate that stimulation of all TLRs tested increases the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages. TLR7 and TLR9 ligation decreased the levels...
Source: International Immunology - April 27, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Celhar, T., Pereira-Lopes, S., Thornhill, S. I., Lee, H. Y., Dhillon, M. K., Poidinger, M., Connolly, J. E., Lim, L. H. K., Biswas, S. K., Fairhurst, A.-M. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Guanosine and its modified derivatives are endogenous ligands for TLR7
In conclusion, our results provide evidence that G, dG, 8-OHG and 8-OHdG are novel endogenous ligands for TLR7. (Source: International Immunology)
Source: International Immunology - April 27, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Shibata, T., Ohto, U., Nomura, S., Kibata, K., Motoi, Y., Zhang, Y., Murakami, Y., Fukui, R., Ishimoto, T., Sano, S., Ito, T., Shimizu, T., Miyake, K. Tags: featured content Source Type: research
In This Issue
(Source: International Immunology)
Source: International Immunology - April 27, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: In This Issue Source Type: research
Table of Contents
(Source: International Immunology)
Source: International Immunology - April 27, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
Subscriptions
(Source: International Immunology)
Source: International Immunology - April 27, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
Cover
(Source: International Immunology)
Source: International Immunology - April 27, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
