Subscriptions
(Source: International Immunology)
Source: International Immunology - July 21, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
Cover
(Source: International Immunology)
Source: International Immunology - July 21, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
Targeting neoantigens for cancer immunotherapy
Studies first carried out in the 1980s have demonstrated murine T cells can recognize mutated gene products, known as neoantigens, and that these T cells are capable of mediating tumor rejection. The first human tumor antigens isolated in the early 1990s were the products of non-mutated genes expressed in a tissue-specific manner; subsequent studies have indicated that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes that are cultured in vitro frequently recognize mutated gene products. In addition, correlative studies indicate that clinical responses to therapies involving the use of antibodies directed against checkpoint inhibitors such a...
Source: International Immunology - June 26, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lu, Y.-C., Robbins, P. F. Tags: Invited review Source Type: research
Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells strike back
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are engineered molecules designed to endow a polyclonal T-cell population with the ability to recognize tumor-associated surface antigens. In their simplest form, CARs comprise a targeting moiety in the form of a single-chain variable fragment from an antibody connected to various intracellular signaling domains allowing for T-cell activation. This powerful approach combines the specificity of an antibody with the cytotoxic ability of a T cell. There has been much excitement since early phase trials of CAR-T cells targeting CD19 expressed on B-cell malignancies demonstrated remarkable effi...
Source: International Immunology - June 26, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Frigault, M. J., Maus, M. V. Tags: Invited review Source Type: research
T-cell adoptive immunotherapy using tumor-infiltrating T cells and genetically engineered TCR-T cells
Immunotherapy has received the expectation that it should contribute to the therapy of cancer patients for >100 years. At long last, recent clinical trials of immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapy with genetically engineered T cells have reported their remarkable efficacies. Nowadays, it is expected that T-cell adoptive immunotherapy can not only control tumor progression but even cure cancer in some patients. Conversely, severe adverse events associated with efficacy have frequently been reported in clinical trials, suggesting that the assessment and control of safety will be indispe...
Source: International Immunology - June 26, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ikeda, H. Tags: Invited review Source Type: research
Immune checkpoint inhibition in ovarian cancer
Recent studies have shown that tumor cells acquire escape mechanisms to evade host immunity in the tumor microenvironment. Two key immune checkpoint pathways mediated by immunosuppressive co-signaling, the first via programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) and the second via CTLA-4 and B7 (CTLA-4/B7), have been previously described. Several clinical trials have revealed an outstanding anti-tumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-CTLA-4 antibody, anti-PD-1 antibody and/or anti-PD-L1 antibody) in patients with various types of solid malignancies, including non-small cell lung cancer, melanom...
Source: International Immunology - June 26, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Hamanishi, J., Mandai, M., Konishi, I. Tags: Invited review Source Type: research
Vaccine adjuvants as potential cancer immunotherapeutics
Accumulated evidence obtained from various clinical trials and animal studies suggested that cancer vaccines need better adjuvants than those that are currently licensed, which include the most commonly used alum and incomplete Freund’s adjuvant, because of either a lack of potent anti-tumor immunity or the induction of undesired immunity. Several clinical trials using immunostimulatory adjuvants, particularly agonistic as well as non-agonistic ligands for TLRs, C-type lectin receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors and stimulator of interferon genes, have revealed their therapeutic potential not only...
Source: International Immunology - June 26, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Temizoz, B., Kuroda, E., Ishii, K. J. Tags: Invited review Source Type: research
The present status and future prospects of peptide-based cancer vaccines
Tumor cells commonly express several antigens, such as tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) or mutation-derived antigens (neoantigens), that can be regarded as foreign antigens and elicit anti-tumor immune responses in cancer patients. Various TAAs or neoantigens expressed in cancer cells have been identified and utilized as targets for cancer vaccines. One approach to elicit tumor-specific immune responses is termed peptide-based cancer vaccination; it involves administrating TAAs or neoantigen-derived peptide for treatment of cancers. There have been several forms of peptide-based cancer vaccines depending on which effector ...
Source: International Immunology - June 26, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Hirayama, M., Nishimura, Y. Tags: Invited review Source Type: research
Introduction: Cancer Immunology Special Issue--Immunotherapy
(Source: International Immunology)
Source: International Immunology - June 26, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kawakami, Y. Tags: Introduction Source Type: research
Table of Contents
(Source: International Immunology)
Source: International Immunology - June 26, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
Subscriptions
(Source: International Immunology)
Source: International Immunology - June 26, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
Cover
(Source: International Immunology)
Source: International Immunology - June 26, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
Immunomodulatory drugs inhibit TLR4-induced type-1 interferon production independently of Cereblon via suppression of the TRIF/IRF3 pathway
Thalidomide and its derivatives, collectively referred to as immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), are effective inhibitors of inflammation and are known to inhibit TLR-induced TNFα production. The identification of Cereblon as the receptor for these compounds has led to a rapid advancement in our understanding of IMiD properties; however, there remain no studies addressing the role of Cereblon in mediating the suppressive effect of IMiDs on TLR responses. Here, we developed Cereblon-deficient mice using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. TLR-induced cytokine responses were unaffected by Cereblon deficiency in vivo. Moreover, IMiD tr...
Source: International Immunology - May 29, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Millrine, D., Miyata, H., Tei, M., Dubey, P., Nyati, K., Nakahama, T., Gemechu, Y., Ripley, B., Kishimoto, T. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
IL-15 boosts the function and migration of human terminally differentiated CD8+ T cells by inducing a unique gene signature
Human CCR7lowCD45RAhigh effector memory CD8+ T cells (terminally differentiated TEMRA) are reportedly a functionally compromised population with characteristics of cellular senescence when examined ex vivo. Although their frequencies are increased in elderly subjects in association with declined immune competence, however, it remains unclear whether their impaired functions can be reversed so that they contribute to immune responses in vivo. Here, I show that, in contrast to TCR stimulation, stimulation of TEMRA with IL-15 induced a unique transcriptional signature, promoted IFN- production and cell cycle entry, and reduce...
Source: International Immunology - May 29, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Setoguchi, R. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Lysophosphatidic acid receptors LPA4 and LPA6 differentially promote lymphocyte transmigration across high endothelial venules in lymph nodes
Naive lymphocytes continuously migrate from the blood into lymph nodes (LNs) via high endothelial venules (HEVs). To extravasate from the HEVs, lymphocytes undergo multiple adhesion steps, including tethering, rolling, firm adhesion and transmigration. We previously showed that autotaxin (ATX), an enzyme that generates lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), is highly expressed in HEVs, and that the ATX/LPA axis plays an important role in the lymphocyte transmigration across HEVs. However, the detailed mechanism underlying this axis’s involvement in lymphocyte transmigration has remained ill-defined. Here, we show that two LPA ...
Source: International Immunology - May 29, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Hata, E., Sasaki, N., Takeda, A., Tohya, K., Umemoto, E., Akahoshi, N., Ishii, S., Bando, K., Abe, T., Kano, K., Aoki, J., Hayasaka, H., Miyasaka, M. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
