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Resistance to the quorum quenching compounds brominated furanone C‐30 and 5‐fluorouracil in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates
Abstract The quorum quenching compounds brominated furanone C‐30 and 5‐fluorouracil inhibit the pathogenicity of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa laboratory strains PA01 and PA14; however, there is no report studying the effectiveness of these compounds for clinical isolates. Therefore, the effect of both quorum quenchers on the production of pyocyanin, elastase and alkaline protease of eight clinical strains from children was evaluated. Although both compounds were in general effective for the attenuation of these factors, three strains resistant to C‐30 were found. For 5‐fluorouracil, PA01 and some clinical isolates sh...
Source: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology - March 16, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Rodolfo García‐Contreras, Mariano Martínez‐Vázquez, Alejandra Guadalupe Villegas Pañeda, Takahiro Hashimoto, Toshinari Maeda, Hector Quezada, Thomas K. Wood, Norma Velázquez Guadarrama Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Protective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG against human rotavirus‐induced diarrhoea in a neonatal mouse model
This study demonstrates that the protective effects of LGG against RV‐induced diarrhoea are highly correlated with the timing and dosage of LGG administration in neonatal mice. (Source: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology)
Source: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology - March 11, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Zhen Zhang, Yun Xiang, Na Li, Baoxiang Wang, Hongwu Ai, Xiaomei Wang, Laiqiang Huang, Yi Zheng Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Acid‐detoxified Inaba lipopolysaccharide (pmLPS) is a superior cholera conjugate vaccine immunogen than hydrazine‐detoxified lipopolysaccharide and induces vibriocidal and protective antibodies
Abstract Worldwide, in endemic areas of cholera, the group most burdened with cholera is children. This is especially vexing as young children (2–5 years of age) do not respond as well, or for as long as adults do, to the current killed oral cholera vaccines (OCV). Conjugate vaccines based on the hapten‐carrier paradigm have been developed for several bacterial pathogens that cause widespread and severe diseases in young children. We and others have studied different formulations of Vibrio cholerae (Vc) O1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a T‐independent antigen) conjugates. Detoxified LPS is a central component of a LPS‐...
Source: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology - February 25, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Cyrille Grandjean, Terri K. Wade, David Ropartz, Logan Ernst, William F. Wade Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Issue Information
(Source: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology)
Source: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology - February 12, 2013 Category: Microbiology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research

Protective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG against human rotavirus‐induced diarrhea in a neonatal mouse model
This study here demonstrated that the protective effects of LGG against RV‐induced diarrhea were highly correlated with the timing and dosage of administering LGG, and intragastric administering 2×109 CFU LGG four consecutive days before RV‐infection here may be one of the most effective treatment options against RV‐induced diarrhea in neonatal mice. © 2013 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved (Source: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology)
Source: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology - February 11, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Zhen Zhang, Yun Xiang, Na Li, Baoxiang Wang, Hongwu Ai, Xiaomei Wang, Laiqiang Huang, Yi Zheng Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: New insights into pathogenesis and host defenses
Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a metabolically versatile bacterium that can cause a wide range of severe opportunistic infections in patients with serious underlying medical conditions. These infections are characterized by an intense neutrophilic response resulting in significant damage to host tissues, and often exhibit resistance to antibiotics leading to mortality. Treatment of persistent infections is additionally hampered by adaptive resistance, due to the growth state of the bacterium in the patient including the microbe's ability to grow as a biofilm. An array of P. aeruginosa virulence factors counteract host ...
Source: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology - February 1, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Shaan L. Gellatly, Robert E.W. Hancock Tags: MiniReview Source Type: research

OT‐1 Mice Display Minimal Upper Genital Tract Pathology Following Primary Intravaginal Chlamydia muridarum Infection
In this study, we compared chlamydial clearance and UGT pathology in OT‐1 transgenic mice and the corresponding C57BL/6J wild type mice following primary intravaginal C. muridarum infection. All CD8+ T cells in the OT‐1 mice respond only to the Ova 257‐264 peptide and are incapable of responding to other antigenic epitopes including those of Chlamydia. OT‐1 mice displayed vaginal chlamydial clearance comparable to the wild type animals. However, both oviduct and uterine horn pathology were minimal in the OT‐1 mice compared to the high degree of pathology observed in the wild type animals. These results strongly s...
Source: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology - February 1, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Srikanth Manam, Bruce J. Nicholson, Ashlesh K. Murthy Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Lipid IVa incompletely activates MyD88‐independent Toll‐like receptor 4 signaling in mouse macrophage cell lines
Abstract We investigated the difference in the effect of synthetic lipid A compounds on MyD88‐dependent and ‐independent Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in mouse macrophage cells. At higher concentrations, E. coli‐type hexa‐acylated lipid A 506, Salmonella‐type hepta‐acylated lipid A 516, the lipid A precursor lipid IVa and monophosphoryl lipid A induced similar levels of production of the MyD88‐dependent cytokine IL‐1β although their potencies varied, whereas the maximum production of the MyD88‐independent cytokine RANTES induced by lipid IVa was less than 50% that of other lipid A compounds. A ...
Source: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology - February 1, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Norihiko Ogura, Masashi Muroi, Yuka Sugiura, Ken‐ichi Tanamoto Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

Proteus mirabilis uroepithelial cell adhesin (UCA) fimbria plays a role in the colonization of the urinary tract
In this report we used a uropathogenic P. mirabilis wild‐type strain and an isogenic ucaA mutant unable to express UCA in order to study the pathogenic role of this fimbria in UTI. Ability of the mutant to adhere to desquamated uroepithelial cells and to infect mice using different experimental UTI models was significantly impaired. These results allow us to conclude that P. mirabilis UCA plays an important role in the colonization of the urinary tract. © 2013 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved (Source: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology)
Source: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology - January 29, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Rafael Pellegrino, Paola Scavone, Ana Umpiérrez, Duncan J. Maskell, Pablo Zunino Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

In Chlamydia veritas
Microbial taxonomy is an essential tool used to classify strains into different clades, i.e. taxonomic units. A natural classification system should be based on evolutionary history but this is often incompletely known. Hence taxonomy remains an evolving field changing as new information becomes available. © 2013 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved (Source: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology)
Source: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology - January 29, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Patrik Bavoil, Bernard Kaltenboeck, Gilbert Greub Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Autophagy as an Innate Defense against Mycobacteria
Summary Over the past several years, much has been revealed about the roles of autophagy and the mechanisms by which the autophagic pathway activates the host innate effector response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. In response to invading mycobacteria, the host innate immune system not only recognizes pathogen motifs through innate receptors, it also produces appropriate effector proteins, including cytokines. These innate signals activate or regulate autophagic pathways during infection. It is now clear that vitamin D and functional vitamin D receptor signaling are critical in the activation of autoph...
Source: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology - January 25, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Eun‐Kyeong Jo Tags: MiniReview Source Type: research

Transformation of a plasmid‐free, genital tract isolate of Chlamydia trachomatis with a plasmid vector carrying a deletion in CDS6 revealed that this gene regulates inclusion phenotype
In this study we constructed a plasmid vector with CDS6 deleted (pCDS6KO) from the original E. coli/C. trachomatis shuttle vector pGFP::SW2. pCDS6KO was transformed into a clinical isolate of C. trachomatis from Sweden which is plasmid free (C.trachomatis SWFP‐). Penicillin resistant transformants expressing the green fluorescent protein were selected. These transformants did not stain with Iodine indicating that this property is regulated by CDS6 or its gene product. In addition, mature inclusions of C. trachomatis SWFP‐ transformed by pCDS6KO displayed an identical morphological phenotype to the untransformed plasmid...
Source: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology - January 25, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Yibing Wang, Lesley T. Cutcliffe, Rachel J. Skilton, Kenneth Persson, Carina Bjartling, Ian N. Clarke Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Acid detoxified Inaba LPS (pmLPS) is a superior cholera conjugate vaccine immunogen than hydrazine detoxified LPS and induces vibriocidal and protective antibodies
Abstract Worldwide, in endemic areas of cholera, the group most burdened with cholera is children. This is especially vexing as young children (2‐5 years old) do not respond as well, or for as long as adults do to the current killed, oral cholera vaccines (OCV). Conjugate vaccines based on the hapten‐carrier paradigm have been developed for several bacterial pathogens that cause widespread and severe diseases in young children. We and others have studied different formulations of Vibrio cholerae (Vc) O1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a T independent antigen) conjugates. Detoxified LPS is a central component of a LPS‐based ...
Source: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology - January 25, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Cyrille Grandjean, Terri K. Wade, David Ropartz, Logan Ernst, William F. Wade Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

Staphylococcus aureus mutants lacking cell wall‐bound protein A found in isolates from bacteraemia, MRSA infection and a healthy nasal carrier
Abstract Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen and a multitude of virulence factors enables it to cause infections, from superficial lesions to life‐threatening systemic conditions. Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) is a surface protein contributing to S. aureus pathogenesis by interfering with immune responses and activating inflammation. Seven isolates with frameshift mutations in the spa repeat region were investigated to determine whether these mutations lead to truncation and secretion of SpA into the extracellular environment. Five isolates originated from blood cultures, one from an MRSA infection and one ...
Source: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology - January 10, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Marit Sørum, Maria Sangvik, Marc Stegger, Renate S. Olsen, Mona Johannessen, Robert Skov, Johanna U. E. Sollid Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Why was Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis not found in faecal DNA from patients with gastric disease?
We recently compared the diversity and approximate abundance of sulphate reducing bacteria in faeces from gastric disease patients with those from a healthy control group (Jia et al., 2012). Major conclusions from that study included that relatively few species of sulphate reducing bacteria are associated with human faeces, and that there was no correlation between the species detected and the disease state: Crohn's disease; ulcerative colitis; or irritable bowel syndrome. However, as noted by one anonymous reviewer, a surprising result was our failure to detect widespread occurrence of Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis, a spec...
Source: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology - January 5, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: W. Jia, M. Faulkner, I. Cadby, J. Cole Tags: Letter Source Type: research