Individualizing therapies with Responsive Epilepsy Neurostimulation- A mirtazapine case study on hippocampal excitability
Conclusions RNS systems may assess a medication's effect on hippocampal excitability. Mirtazapine worsened hippocampal excitability in a patient with bitemporal epilepsy. (Source: Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports)
Source: Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports - August 3, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
“Tickling” seizures originating in the left fronto-parietal region
We report a 10-year-old boy with mild developmental delay and epilepsy with new events of right back tickling and emotional upset. These initially appeared behavioral, causing postulation of habit behaviors or psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. Several ictal and interictal EEGs were unrevealing. Continuous EEG revealed only poorly localized frontal ictal activity. Given his clinical symptoms suggested a parietal localization, double-density EEG electrodes were placed to better localize the epileptogenic and symptomatogenic zones. These revealed evolution of left greater than right fronto-parietal discharges consistent wit...
Source: Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports - August 3, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
EEG –EMG polygraphic study of dystonia and myoclonus in a case of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
We report on a patient with sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) who showed dystonia, periodic myoclonus, and periodic sharp wave complexes (PSWCs) on EEG. The EEG–EMG polygraphic study revealed that dystonia appeared without relation to periodic myoclonus and PSWCs and that dystonia EMGs were strongly suppressed after periodic myoclonus EMGs. These findings suggest that dystonia has a pathogenesis different from that of periodic myoclonus and PSWCs, but dystonia and periodic myoclonus may be generated through the sensorimotor cortex in CJD. (Source: Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports)
Source: Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports - June 17, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Unilateral periventricular heterotopia and epilepsy in a girl with Ehlers –Danlos syndrome
Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report of unilateral periventricular heterotopia associated with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. We first hypothesized a mosaicism as the cause of both, a unilateral localization of the heterotopias and a favorable long-term course with good response to anticonvulsant therapy; however, intriguingly, we could not demonstrate a mosaicism as the genetic condition in our patient and the neuroradiological findings and the favorable clinical outcome still remain unexplained. (Source: Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports)
Source: Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports - June 17, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Long-term accelerometry-triggered video monitoring and detection of tonic –clonic and clonic seizures in a home environment: Pilot study
Conclusion While the algorithms were previously validated in a controlled video/EEG monitoring unit with wired sensors, we now show the first results of long-term, wireless testing in a home environment. (Source: Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports)
Source: Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports - June 17, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Challenges in identifying Lennox –Gastaut syndrome in adults: A case series illustrating its changing nature
We present 5 cases that illustrate changes in LGS features over time. Cases 1 and 2 were diagnosed by age 8 with intractable seizures, developmental delay, and abnormal EEGs with 1.5–2Hz SSW discharges. However, seizure type and frequency changed over time for both patients, and the incidence of SSW discharges decreased. Cases 3, 4, and 5 were diagnosed with LGS as adults based on current and past features and symptoms, including treatment-resistant seizures, cognitive and motor impairment, and abnormal EEG findings. While incomplete, their records indicate that an earlier LGS diagnosis may have been missed or lost to hi...
Source: Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports - June 17, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Potential brain language reorganization in a boy with refractory epilepsy; an fNIRS –EEG and fMRI comparison
In this study, we compared functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) results obtained while the participant performed expressive and receptive language tasks with those obtained using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This case study illustrates the potential for NIRS to contribute favorably to the localization of language functions in children with epilepsy and cognitive or behavioral problems and its potential advantages over fMRI in presurgical assessment. Moreover, it suggests that fNIRS is sensitive in localizing an atypical language network or potential brain reorganization related to epilepsy in youn...
Source: Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports - June 17, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Epilepsy with myoclonic –atonic seizures (Doose syndrome): When video-EEG polygraphy holds the key to syndrome diagnosis
We report a child who presented with reflex myoclonus at the age of 9months and was initially diagnosed with myoclonic epilepsy in infancy. After 9years of medically resistant myoclonic seizures, extensive investigations, and emerging learning difficulties, she was referred for video-telemetry to characterize her seizures in an attempt to make a syndromic diagnosis. A three-day video-telemetry assessment was performed to document seizures. Neck and deltoid EMG channels were applied from the onset of the recording. Frequent generalized bursts of 3- to 5-Hz spike/polyspike and slow wave discharges, associated with clinical m...
Source: Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports - June 17, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Occipital seizures and persistent homonymous hemianopia with T2 hypointensity on MRI in nonketotic hyperglycemia
Conclusion Occipital seizures with visual field deficits can occur in hyperglycemic states. These can be associated with specific MRI brain and EEG changes. The HH is reversible with apt treatment primarily including glycemic control with or without antiseizure medication. (Source: Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports)
Source: Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports - June 17, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Status epilepticus caused by cerebral amyloid angiopathy related inflammation
This report discusses a case of non-convulsive status epilepticus, caused by cerebral amyloid angiopathy related inflammation. Brain biopsy demonstrated cerebral amyloid angiopathy, with clinical and radiographic features indicative of a fluctuating inflammatory process. Immunomodulatory treatment with pulse steroids resulted in rapid and dramatic clinical and radiographic improvement. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy related inflammation should be considered in the differential diagnosis of new onset seizures after the age of 40, when associated with fluctuating multifocal T2 hyperintensities and petechial hemorrhages on gradi...
Source: Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports - June 4, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Forced normalization's converse as nature's model for use of ECT in the management of psychosis: An observational case series
Publication date: Available online 3 June 2016 Source:Epilepsy & Behavior Case Reports Author(s): Andrea L. Green, Patrick H. Harmon, F. Austin Boyer, Kamil Detyniecki, Maria G. Motlagh, Predrag V. Gligorovic (Source: Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports)
Source: Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports - June 3, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Marked improvement in febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome after lidocaine plus MgSO4 treatment in a 12-year-old girl
Conclusion This is the first report describing the combined use of lidocaine and MgSO4 with successful treatment outcomes. This experience has indicated that even FIRES can be controlled if treated promptly with certain agents. However, more studies are needed to explore the mechanisms and effects of lidocaine and MgSO4 in FIRES. (Source: Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports)
Source: Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports - June 1, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Add-on perampanel in Lance Adams syndrome
Publication date: Available online 1 June 2016 Source:Epilepsy & Behavior Case Reports Author(s): Bernhard J. Steinhoff, Matthias Bacher, Christoph Kurth, Anke M. Staack, Reinhold Kornmeier Perampanel (PER) is the first-in-class selective, non-competitive α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist that has been licensed and marketed as antiepileptic drug (AED) indicated for patients with partial-onset and primary generalized tonic–clonic seizures. A positive effect was reported in some patients with epileptic myoclonic jerks in idiopathic generalized epilepsy an...
Source: Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports - May 31, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A unique patient with epilepsy with cinematographic visual hallucinations
Conclusion The present study demonstrates focal seizures of temporal lobe origin producing complex visual hallucinations without a corresponding lesion on MRI brain imaging. (Source: Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports)
Source: Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports - May 19, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus Cases Arising in Connection with Cephalosporins
Publication date: Available online 20 May 2016 Source:Epilepsy & Behavior Case Reports Author(s): Aylin Bican Demir, Ibrahim Bora, Pinar Uzun Cephalosporins, particularly cefepime, exert neurotoxic side effects that can lead to status epilepticus. These neurotoxic side effects include myoclonus, dystonic movements, tremor, asterixis, seizure, status epilepticus, encephalopathy and sometimes coma. Status epilepticus, particularly non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), is a well-known but unusual complication in patients with altered renal function who were receiving treatment with intravenous cephalospo...
Source: Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports - May 19, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
