Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus Cases Arising in Connection with Cephalosporins

Publication date: Available online 20 May 2016 Source:Epilepsy & Behavior Case Reports Author(s): Aylin Bican Demir, Ibrahim Bora, Pinar Uzun Cephalosporins, particularly cefepime, exert neurotoxic side effects that can lead to status epilepticus. These neurotoxic side effects include myoclonus, dystonic movements, tremor, asterixis, seizure, status epilepticus, encephalopathy and sometimes coma. Status epilepticus, particularly non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), is a well-known but unusual complication in patients with altered renal function who were receiving treatment with intravenous cephalosporins, especially cefepime.We reviewed the clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics of 7 patients with renal failure who developed consciousness alterationswith changesin EEG activity while being treated with cephalosporins. All patients developed renal failure; 6 patients had chronic renal failure, one had acute renal failure, and two patients were administered hemodialysis.NCSE was observed between 2 and 8 days (average of 5.6 days) after initiation of cephalosporins. Cephalosporins are epileptogenic drugs, especially when used in excessive doses or when patient renal function is impaired. Critically ill patients with chronic kidney disease are particularly susceptible to cefepime neurotoxicity. Clinical and electrophysiological results of patients guide the diagnosis of NCSE by healthcare providers.
Source: Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports - Category: Neurology Source Type: research