Endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19: a position paper of the ESC Working Group for Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, and the ESC Council of Basic Cardiovascular Science
AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented healthcare emergency causing mortality and illness across the world. Although primarily affecting the lungs, the SARS-CoV-2 virus also affects the cardiovascular system. In addition to cardiac effects, e.g. myocarditis, arrhythmias, and myocardial damage, the vasculature is affected in COVID-19, both directly by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and indirectly as a result of a systemic inflammatory cytokine storm. This includes the role of the vascular endothelium in the recruitment of inflammatory leucocytes where they contribute to tissue damage and cytokine release, which are key dr...
Source: Cardiovascular Research - August 4, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Adult zebrafish ventricular electrical gradients as tissue mechanisms of ECG patterns under baseline vs. oxidative stress
ConclusionsDespite remarkable apparent similarities, zebrafish and human ventricular electrocardiographic patterns are mirror images supported by opposite electrical gradients. Like mammalian ventricles, zebrafish ventricles are also susceptible to H2O2 proarrhythmic perturbation via CaMKII activation. Our findings suggest that the adult zebrafish heart may constitute a clinically relevant model to investigate ventricular arrhythmias induced by oxidative stress. However, the fundamental ventricular activation and repolarization differences between the two species that we demonstrated in this study highlight the potential l...
Source: Cardiovascular Research - July 31, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Human CD16+ monocytes promote a pro-atherosclerotic endothelial cell phenotype via CX3CR1 –CX3CL1 interaction
ConclusionBy demonstrating endothelial proatherosclerotic gene regulation in direct contact with CD16+ monocytes, in part via cellular CX3CR1 –CX3CL1 interaction, our data delineate a mechanism how this celltype can increase cardiovascular risk. (Source: Cardiovascular Research)
Source: Cardiovascular Research - July 27, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Gene expression profiling of hypertrophic cardiomyocytes identifies new players in pathological remodelling
ConclusionUsing CM-specific transcriptomic analysis, we identified novel genes induced during pathological hypertrophy that are relevant for human HF, and we show thatPFKP is a conserved failure-induced gene that can modulate the CM stress response. (Source: Cardiovascular Research)
Source: Cardiovascular Research - July 27, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: insights into diagnosis and pathophysiology
AbstractHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for at least half the cases of heart failure, currently diagnosed. There are several cardiac and non-cardiac manifestations of the syndrome. Structure and function abnormalities can include all four cardiac chambers. The left ventricle has abnormal systolic and diastolic functions which can be examined by invasive and non-invasive measurements. In addition, the left atrium enlarges with abnormal left atrial function, pulmonary hypertension occurs, and the right ventricle can develop hypertrophy, enlargement, and systolic dysfunction. There are a paucit...
Source: Cardiovascular Research - July 27, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Therapeutic potential of inhibiting mitochondrial fission to reduce abdominal aortic aneurysms
This editorial refers to ‘Targeting mitochondrial fission as a potential therapeutic for abdominal aortic aneurysm’ by H. Cooperet al., pp.971 –982. (Source: Cardiovascular Research)
Source: Cardiovascular Research - July 27, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Remote ischaemic conditioning modulates platelet reactivity: the need to optimize the therapy is more important than ever before
This editorial refers to ‘Effect of remote ischaemic conditioning on platelet reactivity and endogenous fibrinolysis in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a substudy of the CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI randomized controlled trial’ by D.A. Goroget al., pp. 623 –634. (Source: Cardiovascular Research)
Source: Cardiovascular Research - July 27, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1) signalling: the homeostatic pathway of the heart
This editorial refers to ‘Vascular endothelial S1pr1 ameliorates adverse cardiac remodelling via stimulating reparative macrophage proliferation after myocardial infarction’ by Y. Kuanget al., pp. 585 –599. (Source: Cardiovascular Research)
Source: Cardiovascular Research - July 24, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Exercise is medicine: key to cardiovascular disease and diabetes prevention
This editorial refers to ‘Effect of chronic exercise in healthy young male adults: a metabolomic analysis’ by Y.C. Koayet al., pp. 613 –622. (Source: Cardiovascular Research)
Source: Cardiovascular Research - July 23, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
The Chief Scientist Office Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Imaging in SARS Coronavirus disease-19 (CISCO-19) study
ConclusionCISCO-19 will provide detailed insights into cardiovascular and multisystem involvement of COVID-19. Our study will inform the rationale and design of novel therapeutic and management strategies for affected patients.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04403607. (Source: Cardiovascular Research)
Source: Cardiovascular Research - July 23, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
NRF2 is a key regulator of endothelial microRNA expression under proatherogenic stimuli
ConclusionAltogether, our analysis provides an integrative view into the regulation of transcription and miRNA function that could mediate the proatherogenic effects of oxidized phospholipids in endothelial cells. (Source: Cardiovascular Research)
Source: Cardiovascular Research - July 19, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound ameliorates cardiac diastolic dysfunction in mice: a possible novel therapy for heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction
ConclusionsThese results indicate that the LIPUS therapy ameliorates cardiac diastolic dysfunction in db/db mice through improvement of eNOS-NO-cGMP-PKG pathway and cardiomyocyte Ca2+-handling system, suggesting its potential usefulness for the treatment of HFpEF patients. (Source: Cardiovascular Research)
Source: Cardiovascular Research - July 19, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the cellular heterogeneity of aneurysmal infrarenal abdominal aorta
ConclusionOur data identify AAA disease-relevant transcriptional signatures of vascular cells in the IAA. Furthermore, we characterize the heterogeneity and cellular responses of VSMCs and monocytes/macrophages during AAA progression, which provide insights into their function and the regulation of AAA onset and progression. (Source: Cardiovascular Research)
Source: Cardiovascular Research - July 17, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Sodium activates human monocytes via the NADPH oxidase and isolevuglandin formation
ConclusionHuman monocytes exhibit co-ordinated increases in parameters of activation, conversion to a DC-like phenotype and ability to activate T cells upon bothin vitro andin vivo sodium exposure. The ability of monocytes to be activated by sodium is related toin vivo cardiovascular disease risk factors. We therefore propose that in addition to the kidney and vasculature, immune cells like monocytes convey salt-induced cardiovascular risk in humans. (Source: Cardiovascular Research)
Source: Cardiovascular Research - July 16, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
High sodium intake, glomerular hyperfiltration, and protein catabolism in patients with essential hypertension
ConclusionWhen exposed to high Na+ intake, kidneys dissociate Na+ and water handling. In hypertensive patients, this comes at the cost of higher glomerular filtration rate, increased tubular energy expenditure, and protein catabolism from endogenous (muscle) or excess exogenous (dietary) sources. Glomerular hyperfiltration and the metabolic shift may have broad implications on global cardiovascular risk independent of BP. (Source: Cardiovascular Research)
Source: Cardiovascular Research - July 16, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
