Cell senescence: basic mechanisms and the need for computational networks in vascular ageing
AbstractThis review seeks to provide an update of the mechanisms of vascular cell senescence, from newly identified molecules to arterial ageing phenotypes, and finally to present a computational approach to connect these selected proteins in biological networks. We will discuss current key signalling and gene expression pathways by which these focus proteins and networks drive normal and accelerated vascular ageing. We also review the possibility that senolytic drugs, designed to restore normal cell differentiation and function, could effectively treat multiple age-related vascular diseases. Finally, we discuss how cell s...
Source: Cardiovascular Research - November 3, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Heart regeneration: beyond new muscle and vessels
AbstractThe most striking consequence of a heart attack is the loss of billions of heart muscle cells, alongside damage to the associated vasculature. The lost cardiovascular tissue is replaced by scar formation, which is non-functional and results in pathological remodelling of the heart and ultimately heart failure. It is, therefore, unsurprising that the heart regeneration field has centred efforts to generate new muscle and blood vessels through targeting cardiomyocyte proliferation and angiogenesis following injury. However, combined insights from embryological studies and regenerative models, alongside the adoption o...
Source: Cardiovascular Research - November 3, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Numbers and phenotype of non-classical CD14dimCD16+ monocytes are predictors of adverse clinical outcome in patients with coronary artery disease and severe SARS-CoV-2 infection
Conclusion Decreased numbers of CD14dimCD16+ monocytes are associated with rapidly progressive respiratory failure in CAD + SARS-CoV-2 patients. Intensified risk assessments comprising monocyte sub- and phenotypes may help to identify patients at risk for respiratory failure. (Source: Cardiovascular Research)
Source: Cardiovascular Research - November 3, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Cardiac fibrosis
AbstractMyocardial fibrosis, the expansion of the cardiac interstitium through deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, is a common pathophysiologic companion of many different myocardial conditions. Fibrosis may reflect activation of reparative or maladaptive processes. Activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are the central cellular effectors in cardiac fibrosis, serving as the main source of matrix proteins. Immune cells, vascular cells and cardiomyocytes may also acquire a fibrogenic phenotype under conditions of stress, activating fibroblast populations. Fibrogenic growth factors (such as transforming growth fact...
Source: Cardiovascular Research - November 2, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Scientists on the Spot: Phosphodiesterases and heart failure
Cyclic nucleotidesPhosphodiesterasesHeart pathophysiologyCalcium channels (Source: Cardiovascular Research)
Source: Cardiovascular Research - November 1, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Using machine learning to ace cardiovascular risk tests
This editorial refers to ‘Machine learning to predict the long-term risk of myocardial infarction and cardiac death based on clinical risk, coronary calcium, and epicardial adipose tissue: a prospective study’ by F. Commandeuret al., pp. 2216 –2225. (Source: Cardiovascular Research)
Source: Cardiovascular Research - October 30, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Transcriptome and proteome mapping in the sheep atria reveal molecular featurets of atrial fibrillation progression
ConclusionsTranscriptomic and proteomic analysis of AF progression in a large animal model shows that significant changes occur at early stages, and that among others involve previously undescribed increase in mitochondria, changes to the chromatin of atrial CMs, and genes related to neural function and cell proliferation. (Source: Cardiovascular Research)
Source: Cardiovascular Research - October 29, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Connexin hemichannels in atrial fibrillation: orphaned and irrelevant?
This editorial refers to ‘RyR2 regulates Cx43 hemichannel intracellular Ca2+-dependent activation in cardiomyocytes ’ by A. Lissoniet al., pp. 123 –136. (Source: Cardiovascular Research)
Source: Cardiovascular Research - October 28, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Regional and global contributions of air pollution to risk of death from COVID-19
ConclusionOur results suggest that air pollution is an important cofactor increasing the risk of mortality from COVID-19. This provides extra motivation for combining ambitious policies to reduce air pollution with measures to control the transmission of COVID-19. (Source: Cardiovascular Research)
Source: Cardiovascular Research - October 26, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Caloric restriction mimetics for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases
AbstractCaloric restriction mimetics (CRMs) are emerging as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. CRMs include natural and synthetic compounds able to inhibit protein acetyltransferases, to interfere with acetyl coenzyme A biosynthesis, or to activate (de)acetyltransferase proteins. These modifications mimic the effects of caloric restriction, which is associated with the activation of autophagy. Previous evidence demonstrated the ability of CRMs to ameliorate cardiac function and reduce cardiac hypertrophy and maladaptive remodelling in animal models of ageing, mechanical overload, chr...
Source: Cardiovascular Research - October 24, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Scientists on the Spot: from the Scientists of Tomorrow to the scientist of today
ESCCardioprotectionIschaemic heart diseaseScientists of tomorrowAward (Source: Cardiovascular Research)
Source: Cardiovascular Research - October 23, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Scientists on the Spot: Rejuvenating the heart with RNA
Cardiac regenerationMicroRNANon-coding RNAESCAgeing (Source: Cardiovascular Research)
Source: Cardiovascular Research - October 23, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
ESC Congress 2020, the digital experience: a report from the ESC Scientists of Tomorrow
ESC conferenceTranslational researchClinical guidelinesClinical studiesCOVID-19 (Source: Cardiovascular Research)
Source: Cardiovascular Research - October 23, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Cardiovascular Research at the heart of the digital experience: ESC Congress 2020
AtherosclerosisCardio-immunologyCardiovascularPublishingHypertension (Source: Cardiovascular Research)
Source: Cardiovascular Research - October 23, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Home treatment of pulmonary embolism: are all the questions answered now after the HOME-PE trial?
PulmonarysPESIHestiathrombosis (Source: Cardiovascular Research)
Source: Cardiovascular Research - October 23, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
