MicroRNA Signatures of Colonic Polyps on Screening and Histology
Colorectal cancer and adenoma adjacent to cancer exhibit distinct microRNA (miRNA) alterations in an apparent mucosa-to-adenocarcinoma sequence. The pattern of microRNAs in screen-detected polyps in relation to histologic features and cancer risk has not been investigated. miRNA expression analysis was performed on normal mucosa (NM), hyperplastic polyps (HP), tubular adenomas (TA), tubulovillous adenomas or high-grade dysplasia (TVHG), and serrated polyps [sessile serrated adenoma/polyps (SSA/P) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSA)] in biopsy specimens from 109 patients undergoing screening/surveillance colonoscopy. Ge...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - November 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Tsikitis, V. L., Potter, A., Mori, M., Buckmeier, J. A., Preece, C. R., Harrington, C. A., Bartley, A. N., Bhattacharyya, A. K., Hamilton, S. R., Lance, M. P., Thompson, P. A. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Meat, Fish, Poultry, and Egg Intake at Diagnosis and Risk of Prostate Cancer Progression
We examined the association between intakes of total red meat, processed and unprocessed red meat, poultry, fish, and eggs and prostate cancer recurrence. We conducted a prospective study of 971 men treated with radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer between 2003 and 2010. Men completed a food frequency questionnaire at diagnosis. We used logistic regression to study the association between diet and high-grade or advanced-stage disease. We used Cox models to study the risk of progression [N = 94 events, mainly prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence]. Total red meat intake was marginally associated with risk of high-...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - November 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Wilson, K. M., Mucci, L. A., Drake, B. F., Preston, M. A., Stampfer, M. J., Giovannucci, E., Kibel, A. S. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Grape Seed Procyanidin Extract Mediates Antineoplastic Effects against Lung Cancer via Modulations of Prostacyclin and 15-HETE Eicosanoid Pathways
Grape seed procyanidin extract (GSE) has been reported to exert antineoplastic properties via the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) eicosanoid pathways. In addition, ample data link carcinogenesis to inflammatory events involving other major eicosanoid metabolic pathways, including prostacyclin (PGI2) and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE). We therefore evaluated the effects of GSE on prostacyclin synthase (PTGIS)/PGI2 and 15-lipoxigenase-2 (15-LOX-2)/15-HETE productions by human lung premalignant and malignant cells and correlated the findings with antiproliferative or proapoptotic effe...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - November 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Mao, J. T., Smoake, J., Park, H. K., Lu, Q.-Y., Xue, B. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Targeting Inflammation in Cancer Prevention and Therapy
Inflammation is associated with the development and malignant progression of most cancers. As most of the cell types involved in cancer-associated inflammation are genetically stable and thus are not subjected to rapid emergence of drug resistance, the targeting of inflammation represents an attractive strategy both for cancer prevention and for cancer therapy. Tumor-extrinsic inflammation is caused by many factors, including bacterial and viral infections, autoimmune diseases, obesity, tobacco smoking, asbestos exposure, and excessive alcohol consumption, all of which increase cancer risk and stimulate malignant progressi...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - November 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Todoric, J., Antonucci, L., Karin, M. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Colorectal Cancer and Dysplasia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review of Disease Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management
Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) characterized by recurrent episodes of mucosal inflammation. This chronic mucosal inflammation has several potential consequences, one of which is the occurrence of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Over the past decade, our understanding of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and overall approach to diagnosing and managing colitis-associated colorectal cancer has grown considerably. In the current review article, we outline these advancements and highlight areas in need of further research. Cancer Prev Res; 9(12); 887–94. ©201...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - November 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Dulai, P. S., Sandborn, W. J., Gupta, S. Tags: Minireview Source Type: research
{beta}-Cryptoxanthin Reduced Lung Tumor Multiplicity and Inhibited Lung Cancer Cell Motility by Downregulating Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor {alpha}7 Signaling
Despite the consistent association between a higher intake of the provitamin A carotenoid β-cryptoxanthin (BCX) and a lower risk of lung cancer among smokers, potential mechanisms supporting BCX as a chemopreventive agent are needed. We first examined the effects of BCX on 4-[methyl nitrosamino]-1-[3-pyridyl]-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice. BCX supplementation was given daily to the mice starting 2 weeks prior to the injection of NNK and continued 16 weeks after NNK injection. BCX supplementation resulted in a dose-dependent increase of BCX concentration in both serum and lungs of the mice wit...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Iskandar, A. R., Miao, B., Li, X., Hu, K.-Q., Liu, C., Wang, X.-D. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Higher Glucose and Insulin Levels Are Associated with Risk of Liver Cancer and Chronic Liver Disease Mortality among Men without a History of Diabetes
In conclusion, elevated fasting glucose and insulin and insulin resistance were independently associated with risk of liver cancer and CLD mortality, suggesting a potentially important etiologic role for insulin and glucose dysregulation even in the absence of diagnosed diabetes. Cancer Prev Res; 9(11); 866–74. ©2016 AACR. (Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Loftfield, E., Freedman, N. D., Lai, G. Y., Weinstein, S. J., McGlynn, K. A., Taylor, P. R., Männistö, S., Albanes, D., Stolzenberg-Solomon, R. Z. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Inhibition of the Biosynthesis of Prostaglandin E2 By Low-Dose Aspirin: Implications for Adenocarcinoma Metastasis
In conclusion, low-dose aspirin has a significant effect on extraplatelet cyclooxygenase and potently inhibits COX-2 in lung and colon adenocarcinoma cells. This supports a hypothesis that the remarkable prevention of metastasis from adenocarcinomas, and particularly from colon adenocarcinomas, by low-dose aspirin results from its effect on platelet COX-1 combined with inhibition of PGE2 biosynthesis in metastasizing tumor cells. Cancer Prev Res; 9(11); 855–65. ©2016 AACR. (Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Boutaud, O., Sosa, I. R., Amin, T., Oram, D., Adler, D., Hwang, H. S., Crews, B. C., Milne, G., Harris, B. K., Hoeksema, M., Knollmann, B. C., Lammers, P. E., Marnett, L. J., Massion, P. P., Oates, J. A. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Higher Order Chromatin Modulator Cohesin SA1 Is an Early Biomarker for Colon Carcinogenesis: Race-Specific Implications
Alterations in high order chromatin, with concomitant modulation in gene expression, are one of the earliest events in the development of colorectal cancer. Cohesins are a family of proteins that modulate high-order chromatin, although the role in colorectal cancer remains incompletely understood. We, therefore, assessed the role of cohesin SA1 in colorectal cancer biology and as a biomarker focusing in particular on the increased incidence/mortality of colorectal cancer among African-Americans. Immunohistochemistry on tissue arrays revealed dramatically decreased SA1 expression in both adenomas (62%; P = 0.001) and adenoc...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Wali, R. K., Momi, N., Dela Cruz, M., Calderwood, A. H., Stypula-Cyrus, Y., Almassalha, L., Chhaparia, A., Weber, C. R., Radosevich, A., Tiwari, A. K., Latif, B., Backman, V., Roy, H. K. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Dietary Weight Loss, Exercise, and Oxidative Stress in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Oxidative stress, a potential mechanism linking obesity and cancer, results from an imbalance between activation/inactivation of reactive oxygen species, byproducts of cellular metabolism. In a randomized controlled trial, we investigated effects of diet and/or exercise on biomarkers of oxidative stress. A total of 439 overweight/obese [body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2] postmenopausal women, ages 50 of 75 years, were randomized to 12 months of (i) reduced-calorie weight loss diet ("diet"; n = 118); (ii) moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise ("exercise"; n = 117); (iii) combined diet and exercise intervention (...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Duggan, C., Tapsoba, J. d. D., Wang, C.-Y., Campbell, K. L., Foster-Schubert, K., Gross, M. D., McTiernan, A. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Opportunities for Preventing Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is rapidly increasing in incidence in many Western societies, requires demanding treatment, and is associated with a poor prognosis, therefore preventive measures are highly warranted. To assess the opportunities for prevention, we reviewed the available literature and identified seven main potentially preventive targets. Preventive effects were found on the basis of medium-level observational evidence following treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (using both medication and surgery) and tobacco smoking cessation, which should be clinically recommended among exposed patients. Nonster...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Maret-Ouda, J., El-Serag, H. B., Lagergren, J. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Sleep and Breathing ... and Cancer?
Sleep, like eating and breathing, is an essential part of the daily life cycle. Although the science is still emerging, sleep plays an important role in immune, cardiovascular, and neurocognitive function. Despite its great importance, nearly 40% of U.S. adults experience problems with sleep ranging from insufficient total sleep time, trouble initiating or maintaining sleep (Insomnia), circadian rhythm disorders, sleep-related movement disorders, and sleep-related breathing disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Herein, we discuss new evidence that suggests that sleep may also affect carcinogenesis. Specifically,...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Owens, R. L., Gold, K. A., Gozal, D., Peppard, P. E., Jun, J. C., Lippman, S. M., Malhotra, A., on behalf of the UCSD Sleep and Cancer Symposium Group Tags: Minireview Source Type: research
{beta}-Cryptoxanthin Inhibits Lung Cancer
Despite the consistent association between a higher intake of the provitamin A carotenoid β-cryptoxanthin (BCX) and a lower risk of lung cancer among smokers, potential mechanisms supporting BCX as a chemopreventive agent are needed. We first examined the effects of BCX on 4-[methyl nitrosamino]-1-[3-pyridyl]-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice. BCX supplementation was given daily to the mice starting 2 weeks prior to the injection of NNK and continued 16 weeks after NNK injection. BCX supplementation resulted in a dose-dependent increase of BCX concentration in both serum and lungs of the mice wit...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Iskandar, A. R., Miao, B., Li, X., Hu, K.-Q., Liu, C., Wang, X.-D. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Fasting Glucose and Insulin and Liver Cancer
In conclusion, elevated fasting glucose and insulin and insulin resistance were independently associated with risk of liver cancer and CLD mortality, suggesting a potentially important etiologic role for insulin and glucose dysregulation even in the absence of diagnosed diabetes. Cancer Prev Res; 9(11); 866–74. ©2016 AACR. (Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Loftfield, E., Freedman, N. D., Lai, G. Y., Weinstein, S. J., McGlynn, K. A., Taylor, P. R., Männistö, S., Albanes, D., Stolzenberg-Solomon, R. Z. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Inhibition of Prostaglandin E2 By Low-Dose Aspirin
In conclusion, low-dose aspirin has a significant effect on extraplatelet cyclooxygenase and potently inhibits COX-2 in lung and colon adenocarcinoma cells. This supports a hypothesis that the remarkable prevention of metastasis from adenocarcinomas, and particularly from colon adenocarcinomas, by low-dose aspirin results from its effect on platelet COX-1 combined with inhibition of PGE2 biosynthesis in metastasizing tumor cells. Cancer Prev Res; 9(11); 855–65. ©2016 AACR. (Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Boutaud, O., Sosa, I. R., Amin, T., Oram, D., Adler, D., Hwang, H. S., Crews, B. C., Milne, G., Harris, B. K., Hoeksema, M., Knollmann, B. C., Lammers, P. E., Marnett, L. J., Massion, P. P., Oates, J. A. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
