Pigs, Unlike Mice, Have Two Distinct Colonic Stem Cell Populations Similar to Humans That Respond to High-Calorie Diet prior to Insulin Resistance
Basal colonic crypt stem cells are long lived and play a role in colon homeostasis. Previous evidence has shown that high-calorie diet (HCD) enhances colonic stem cell numbers and expansion of the proliferative zone, an important biomarker for colon cancer. However, it is not clear how HCD drives dysregulation of colon stem cell/colonocyte proliferative kinetics. We used a human-relevant pig model and developed an immunofluorescence technique to detect and quantify colonic stem cells. Pigs (n = 8/group) were provided either standard diet (SD; 5% fat) or HCD (23% fat) for 13 weeks. HCD- and SD-consuming pigs had similar tot...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Charepalli, V., Reddivari, L., Radhakrishnan, S., Eriksson, E., Xiao, X., Kim, S. W., Shen, F., Vijay-Kumar, M., Li, Q., Bhat, V. B., Knight, R., Vanamala, J. K. P. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Chemoprevention Uptake among Women with Atypical Hyperplasia and Lobular and Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
Women with atypical hyperplasia and lobular or ductal carcinoma in situ (LCIS/DCIS) are at increased risk of developing invasive breast cancer. Chemoprevention with selective estrogen receptor modulators or aromatase inhibitors can reduce breast cancer risk; however, uptake is estimated to be less than 15% in these populations. We sought to determine which factors are associated with chemoprevention uptake in a population of women with atypical hyperplasia, LCIS, and DCIS. Women diagnosed with atypical hyperplasia/LCIS/DCIS between 2007 and 2015 without a history of invasive breast cancer were identified (N = 1,719). A sub...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Trivedi, M. S., Coe, A. M., Vanegas, A., Kukafka, R., Crew, K. D. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
The Burdens and Uncertainties of Doing What One Should Do
Despite FDA approval of drugs to reduce the risk of breast cancer in women at increased risk, uptake of these drugs has been poor despite the publication of numerous studies that demonstrate both their effectives and safety. National organizations have made recommendations for their use, but both physicians and their patients do not fully understand either breast cancer risk factors or risk assessment or the indications for using risk-reducing agents. Histologically predisposing conditions, such as ductal or lobular atypia and lobular carcinoma in situ, impart particularly high risks of developing subsequent invasive breas...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Vogel, V. G. Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Correction: New Perspectives of Curcumin in Cancer Prevention
(Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - June 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Correction Source Type: research
A Presurgical Study of Lecithin Formulation of Green Tea Extract in Women with Early Breast Cancer
Epidemiologic data support an inverse association between green tea intake and breast cancer risk. Greenselect Phytosome (GSP) is a lecithin formulation of a caffeine-free green tea catechin extract. The purpose of the study was to determine the tissue distribution of epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) and its effect on cell proliferation and circulating biomarkers in breast cancer patients. Twelve early breast cancer patients received GSP 300 mg, equivalent to 44.9 mg of EGCG, daily for 4 weeks prior to surgery. The EGCG levels were measured before (free) and after (total) enzymatic hydrolysis by HPLC-MS/MS in plasma, ur...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - June 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Lazzeroni, M., Guerrieri-Gonzaga, A., Gandini, S., Johansson, H., Serrano, D., Cazzaniga, M., Aristarco, V., Macis, D., Mora, S., Caldarella, P., Pagani, G., Pruneri, G., Riva, A., Petrangolini, G., Morazzoni, P., DeCensi, A., Bonanni, B. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Combined Genetic Biomarkers and Betel Quid Chewing for Identifying High-Risk Group for Oral Cancer Occurrence
We integrated genetic risk scores (GRS) and environmental factors for identifying high-risk subjects for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) occurrence by using case–control study. A total of 447 patients diagnosed with OSCC and 580 unrelated subjects were recruited from two medical centers in Taiwan. A multinomial logistic regression model was conducted to access interaction between GRS and betel quid (BQ) chewing. We employed ROC curve to compare the accuracy of OSCC occurrence. Four tag SNPs were found in NOTCH1, BRCA1, COL9A1, and HSPA13 genes that were significantly associated with OSCC occurrence. GRS was calcu...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - June 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Chung, C.-M., Lee, C.-H., Chen, M.-K., Lee, K.-W., Lan, C.-C. E., Kwan, A.-L., Tsai, M.-H., Ko, Y.-C. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Bioactivity of Oral Linaclotide in Human Colorectum for Cancer Chemoprevention
Guanylate cyclase C (GUCY2C) is a tumor-suppressing receptor silenced by loss of expression of its luminocrine hormones guanylin and uroguanylin early in colorectal carcinogenesis. This observation suggests oral replacement with a GUCY2C agonist may be an effective targeted chemoprevention agent. Linaclotide is an FDA-approved oral GUCY2C agonist formulated for gastric release, inducing fluid secretion into the small bowel to treat chronic idiopathic constipation. The ability of oral linaclotide to induce a pharmacodynamic response in epithelial cells of the colorectum in humans remains undefined. Here, we demonstrate that...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - June 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Weinberg, D. S., Lin, J. E., Foster, N. R., Della'Zanna, G., Umar, A., Seisler, D., Kraft, W. K., Kastenberg, D. M., Katz, L. C., Limburg, P. J., Waldman, S. A. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Bitter Melon Enhances Natural Killer-Mediated Toxicity against Head and Neck Cancer Cells
In this study, we investigated whether BME can enhance the NK-cell killing activity against HNSCC cells. Our results indicated that treatment of human NK-cell line (NK3.3) with BME enhances ability to kill HNSCC cells. BME increases granzyme B accumulation and translocation/accumulation of CD107a/LAMP1 in NK3.3 cells exposed to BME. Furthermore, an increase in cell surface expression of CD16 and NKp30 in BME-treated NK3.3 cells was observed when cocultured with HNSCC cells. Collectively, our results demonstrated for the first time that BME augments NK-cell–mediated HNSCC killing activity, implicating an immunomodulat...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - June 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Bhattacharya, S., Muhammad, N., Steele, R., Kornbluth, J., Ray, R. B. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Sleep Duration across the Adult Lifecourse and Risk of Lung Cancer Mortality: A Cohort Study in Xuanwei, China
Sufficient sleep duration is crucial for maintaining normal physiological function and has been linked to cancer risk; however, its contribution to lung cancer mortality is unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between average sleep duration in various age-periods across the adult lifecourse, and risk of lung cancer mortality in Xuanwei, China. An ambidirectional cohort study was conducted in 42,422 farmers from Xuanwei, China. Participants or their surrogates were interviewed in 1992 to assess average sleep hours in the age periods of 21–30, 31–40, 41–50, 51–60, 61–70, and ≥71 ...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - June 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Wong, J. Y., Bassig, B. A., Vermeulen, R., Hu, W., Ning, B., Seow, W. J., Ji, B.-T., Downward, G. S., Katki, H. A., Barone-Adesi, F., Rothman, N., Chapman, R. S., Lan, Q. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Statin Use, Serum Lipids, and Prostate Inflammation in Men with a Negative Prostate Biopsy: Results from the REDUCE Trial
We examined associations between serum lipid levels, statin use, and histologic prostate inflammation using data from 6,655 men with a negative baseline prostate biopsy in the REduction by DUtasteride of prostate Cancer Events (REDUCE) trial. Statin use and lipid levels [total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides] were assessed at baseline. Inflammation was assessed by central review. Logistic regression was used to examine the effects of lipids and statin use on presence and extent of chronic and acute prostate inflammation [none, moderate (<20%), severe (≥20% bio...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - June 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Allott, E. H., Howard, L. E., Vidal, A. C., Moreira, D. M., Castro-Santamaria, R., Andriole, G. L., Freedland, S. J. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
The Prolyl Isomerase Pin1 Is a Novel Target of 6,7,4'-Trihydroxyisoflavone for Suppressing Esophageal Cancer Growth
This study aimed to determine the anti-esophageal cancer activity of 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (6,7,4'-THIF), a major metabolite of daidzein, which is readily metabolized in the human body. Notably, 6,7,4'-THIF inhibited proliferation and increased apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells. On the basis of a virtual screening analysis, Pin1 was identified as a target protein of 6,7,4'-THIF. Pull-down assay results using 6,7,4'-THIF Sepharose 4B beads showed a direct interaction between 6,7,4'-THIF and the Pin1 protein. Pin1 is a critical therapeutic and preventive target in esophageal cancer because of its positive regulation...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - May 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Lim, T.-G., Lee, S.-Y., Duan, Z., Lee, M.-H., Chen, H., Liu, F., Liu, K., Jung, S. K., Kim, D. J., Bode, A. M., Lee, K. W., Dong, Z. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
A Phase II Randomized, Double-blind, Presurgical Trial of Polyphenon E in Bladder Cancer Patients to Evaluate Pharmacodynamics and Bladder Tissue Biomarkers
We performed a phase II pharmacodynamic prevention trial of Polyphenon E [a green tea polyphenol formulation primarily consisting of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)] in patients prior to bladder cancer surgery. Patients with a bladder tumor were randomized to receive Polyphenon E containing either 800 or 1,200 mg of EGCG or placebo for 14 to 28 days prior to transurethral resection of bladder tumor or cystectomy. The primary objective was to compare the postintervention EGCG tissue levels in patients receiving Polyphenon E as compared with placebo. Secondary objectives included assessments of tissue expression of PCNA, MMP...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - May 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Gee, J. R., Saltzstein, D. R., Kim, K., Kolesar, J., Huang, W., Havighurst, T. C., Wollmer, B. W., Stublaski, J., Downs, T., Mukhtar, H., House, M. G., Parnes, H. L., Bailey, H. H. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
No Decreased Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancers in Users of Metformin in The Netherlands; A Time-Varying Analysis of Metformin Exposure
In conclusion, no decreased risk of GI cancer was found in current metformin users compared with current users of other NIADs. Variations in the exposure definition of metformin use may be one of the explanations of previously found reduced cancer risks in metformin users. Cancer Prev Res; 10(5); 290–7. ©2017 AACR. (Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - May 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: de Jong, R. G., Burden, A. M., de Kort, S., van Herk-Sukel, M. P., Vissers, P. A., Janssen, P. K., Haak, H. R., Masclee, A. A., de Vries, F., Janssen-Heijnen, M. L. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Fatty Acid Synthesis Intermediates Represent Novel Noninvasive Biomarkers of Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention by Phenethyl Isothiocyanate
Increased de novo synthesis of fatty acids is a distinctive feature of prostate cancer, which continues to be a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among American men. Therefore, inhibition of de novo fatty acid synthesis represents an attractive strategy for chemoprevention of prostate cancer. We have shown previously that dietary feeding of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a phytochemical derived from edible cruciferous vegetables such as watercress, inhibits incidence and burden of poorly differentiated prostate cancer in transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. The current study was designed to te...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - May 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Singh, K. B., Singh, S. V. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Sessile Serrated Polyps and Colon Cancer Prevention
Evidence suggests that up to one fifth of colorectal carcinomas develop from serrated polyps, named for their pattern of colonic crypts, and include the sessile serrated adenoma/polyp (SSA/P) that has malignant potential. SSA/Ps are typically located in the proximal colon and have molecular features of hypermethylation of CpG islands in gene promoters and activating point mutations (V600E) in the BRAF oncogene. Both of these features are seen in sporadic colorectal carcinomas with microsatellite instability (MSI) which is potentially consistent with an origin of these cancers from precursor SSA/Ps. Dysplasia is detected in...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - May 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Rashtak, S., Rego, R., Sweetser, S. R., Sinicrope, F. A. Tags: Review Source Type: research
