Effects of Black Raspberry Extract and Protocatechuic Acid on Carcinogen-DNA Adducts and Mutagenesis, and Oxidative Stress in Rat and Human Oral Cells
Effects of black raspberry (BRB) extract and protocatechuic acid (PCA) on DNA adduct formation and mutagenesis induced by metabolites of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBP) were investigated in rat oral fibroblasts. The DBP metabolites, (±)-anti-11,12-dihydroxy-11,12,-dihydrodibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBP-diol) and 11,12-dihydroxy-13,14-epoxy-11,12,13,14-tetrahydrodibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBPDE) induced dose-dependent DNA adducts and mutations. DBPDE was considerably more potent, whereas the parent compound had no significant effect. Treatment with BRB extract (BRBE) and PCA resulted in reduced DBP-derived DNA adduct levels and reduced mu...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - July 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Guttenplan, J. B., Chen, K.-M., Sun, Y.-W., Kosinska, W., Zhou, Y., Kim, S., Sung, Y., Gowda, K., Amin, S., Stoner, G. D., El-Bayoumy, K. Tags: Preclinical Intervention, Preclinical Intervention: In Vitro: Drugs, Mechanisms Research Articles Source Type: research
Effects of Walnut Consumption on Colon Carcinogenesis and Microbial Community Structure
Walnuts are composed of a complex array of biologically active constituents with individual cancer-protective properties. Here, we assessed the potential benefit of whole walnut consumption in a mouse tumor bioassay using azoxymethane. In study 1, a modest reduction (1.3-fold) in tumor numbers was observed in mice fed a standard diet (AIN-76A) containing 9.4% walnuts (15% of total fat). In study 2, the effects of walnut supplementation was tested in the Total Western Diet (TWD). There was a significant reduction (2.3-fold; P < 0.02) in tumor numbers in male mice fed TWD containing 7% walnuts (10.5% of total fat). Higher...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - July 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Nakanishi, M., Chen, Y., Qendro, V., Miyamoto, S., Weinstock, E., Weinstock, G. M., Rosenberg, D. W. Tags: Preclinical Intervention, Preclinical Intervention: In Vivo (Animals): Drugs, Nutritional Interventions, Mechanisms Research Articles Source Type: research
Gene Methylation and Cytological Atypia in Random Fine-Needle Aspirates for Assessment of Breast Cancer Risk
Methods to determine individualized breast cancer risk lack sufficient sensitivity to select women most likely to benefit from preventive strategies. Alterations in DNA methylation occur early in breast cancer. We hypothesized that cancer-specific methylation markers could enhance breast cancer risk assessment. We evaluated 380 women without a history of breast cancer. We determined their menopausal status or menstrual cycle phase, risk of developing breast cancer (Gail model), and breast density and obtained random fine-needle aspiration (rFNA) samples for assessment of cytopathology and cumulative methylation index (CMI)...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - July 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Stearns, V., Fackler, M. J., Hafeez, S., Bujanda, Z. L., Chatterton, R. T., Jacobs, L. K., Khouri, N. F., Ivancic, D., Kenney, K., Shehata, C., Jeter, S. C., Wolfman, J. A., Zalles, C. M., Huang, P., Khan, S. A., Sukumar, S. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Vitamin D Binding Protein, and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the Nurses' Health Study
In conclusion, prediagnosis levels of total, but not free or bioavailable 25(OH)D, were associated with lower colorectal cancer risk. Although our findings support an inverse association of vitamin D with colorectal cancer, this association does not appear to be due to the unbound or bioavailable fraction of circulating vitamin D. Cancer Prev Res; 9(8); 664–72. ©2016 AACR. (Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - July 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Song, M., Konijeti, G. G., Yuan, C., Ananthakrishnan, A. N., Ogino, S., Fuchs, C. S., Giovannucci, E. L., Ng, K., Chan, A. T. Tags: Epidemiology, Epidemiology: Molecular Epidemiology Research Articles Source Type: research
STAT3 as a Chemoprevention Target in Carcinogen-Induced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a frequently fatal disease due, in large part, to a high rate of second primary tumor (SPT) formation. The 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) mouse model of oral carcinogenesis provides a robust system in which to study chemopreventive agents in the context of chemically induced HNSCC tumors. STAT3 is a potent oncogene that is hyperactivated by tyrosine phosphorylation early in HNSCC carcinogenesis and is a rational therapeutic target. We recently reported that loss-of-function of the STAT3 phosphatase PTPRT promotes STAT3 activation in HNSCC tumors and preclinical models and ...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - July 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Peyser, N. D., Wang, L., Zeng, Y., Acquafondata, M., Freilino, M., Li, H., Sen, M., Gooding, W. E., Satake, M., Wang, Z., Johnson, D. E., Grandis, J. R. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Premalignancy in Prostate Cancer: Rethinking What We Know
High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) has been accepted as the main precursor lesion to invasive adenocarcinoma of the prostate, and this is likely to be the case. However, in an unknown number of cases, lesions fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for high-grade PIN may actually represent intra-acinar or intraductal spread of invasive carcinoma. Intriguingly, this possibility would not contradict many of the findings of previous epidemiologic studies linking high-grade PIN to carcinoma or molecular pathologic studies showing similar genomic (e.g., TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion) as well as epigenomic and molecular p...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - July 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: De Marzo, A. M., Haffner, M. C., Lotan, T. L., Yegnasubramanian, S., Nelson, W. G. Tags: Review: Molecular Pathogenesis of Premalignancy Series Source Type: research
Is There a Future for Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer?
This article attempts to critically assess whether the notion that chemoprevention of prostate cancer has no future is warranted. Risk of prostate cancer is modifiable and chemoprevention of prostate cancer, particularly fatal/lethal cancer, is both needed and possible. However, the approach to prostate cancer–chemopreventive agent development has not followed a rational and systematic process. To make progress, the following steps are necessary: (i) identification of intermediate biomarkers predictive of fatal/lethal disease; (ii) development of a rational approach to identification of candidate agents, including hi...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - July 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Bosland, M. C. Tags: Commentary Source Type: research
Understanding Intratumoral Heterogeneity: Lessons from the Analysis of At-Risk Tissue and Premalignant Lesions in the Colon
Advances in DNA sequencing have created new opportunities to better understand the biology of cancers. Attention is currently focused on precision medicine: does a cancer carry a mutation that is targetable with already available drugs? But, the timing at which multiple, targetable mutations arise during the adenoma to carcinoma sequence remains unresolved. Borras and colleagues identified mutations and allelic imbalance in at-risk mucosa and early polyps in the human colon. Their analyses indicate that mutations in key genes can arise quite early during tumorigenesis and that polyps are often multiclonal with at least two...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - July 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sievers, C. K., Leystra, A. A., Clipson, L., Dove, W. F., Halberg, R. B. Tags: Introduction Commentary Source Type: research
Disease Interception: Myths, Mountains, and Mole Hills
Malignant diseases develop slowly over time and are often preceded by identifiable premalignancies. As malignancy progresses, so does genomic complexity and the ability of cancers to evade most therapeutic interventions. Accordingly, with some notable exceptions, a relatively low percentage of advanced cancers are effectively treated and even fewer are cured. Despite this appreciation, much less attention has been paid to intercepting the disease process compared with that of treating well-established and refractory disease. One frequently cited reason is that the pharmaceutical industry is not interested in these pursuits...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - July 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Hait, W. N., Lebowitz, P. F. Tags: Introduction Commentary Source Type: research
Black Raspberry Extract, Protocatechuic Acid, and Mutagenesis
Effects of black raspberry (BRB) extract and protocatechuic acid (PCA) on DNA adduct formation and mutagenesis induced by metabolites of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBP) were investigated in rat oral fibroblasts. The DBP metabolites, (±)-anti-11,12-dihydroxy-11,12,-dihydrodibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBP-diol) and 11,12-dihydroxy-13,14-epoxy-11,12,13,14-tetrahydrodibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBPDE) induced dose-dependent DNA adducts and mutations. DBPDE was considerably more potent, whereas the parent compound had no significant effect. Treatment with BRB extract (BRBE) and PCA resulted in reduced DBP-derived DNA adduct levels and reduced mu...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - July 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Guttenplan, J. B., Chen, K.-M., Sun, Y.-W., Kosinska, W., Zhou, Y., Kim, S., Sung, Y., Gowda, K., Amin, S., Stoner, G. D., El-Bayoumy, K. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Walnuts Inhibit Colon Tumorigenesis and Alter Gut Microbiome
Walnuts are composed of a complex array of biologically active constituents with individual cancer-protective properties. Here, we assessed the potential benefit of whole walnut consumption in a mouse tumor bioassay using azoxymethane. In study 1, a modest reduction (1.3-fold) in tumor numbers was observed in mice fed a standard diet (AIN-76A) containing 9.4% walnuts (15% of total fat). In study 2, the effects of walnut supplementation was tested in the Total Western Diet (TWD). There was a significant reduction (2.3-fold; P < 0.02) in tumor numbers in male mice fed TWD containing 7% walnuts (10.5% of total fat). Higher...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - July 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Nakanishi, M., Chen, Y., Qendro, V., Miyamoto, S., Weinstock, E., Weinstock, G. M., Rosenberg, D. W. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Curcumin Chemoprevention Trial
Oral leukoplakia is a potentially malignant lesion of the oral cavity, for which no effective treatment is available. We investigated the effectiveness of curcumin, a potent inhibitor of NF-B/COX-2, molecules perturbed in oral carcinogenesis, to treat leukoplakia. Subjects with oral leukoplakia (n = 223) were randomized (1:1 ratio) to receive orally, either 3.6 g/day of curcumin (n = 111) or placebo (n = 112), for 6 months. The primary endpoint was clinical response obtained by bi-dimensional measurement of leukoplakia size at recruitment and 6 months. Histologic response, combined clinical and histologic response, durabil...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - July 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Kuriakose, M. A., Ramdas, K., Dey, B., Iyer, S., Rajan, G., Elango, K. K., Suresh, A., Ravindran, D., Kumar, R. R., R, P., Ramachandran, S., Kumar, N. A., Thomas, G., Somanathan, T., Ravindran, H. K., Ranganathan, K., Katakam, S. B., Parashuram, S., Jayap Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
rFNA Methylation, Cytologic Atypia, and Breast Cancer Risk
Methods to determine individualized breast cancer risk lack sufficient sensitivity to select women most likely to benefit from preventive strategies. Alterations in DNA methylation occur early in breast cancer. We hypothesized that cancer-specific methylation markers could enhance breast cancer risk assessment. We evaluated 380 women without a history of breast cancer. We determined their menopausal status or menstrual cycle phase, risk of developing breast cancer (Gail model), and breast density and obtained random fine-needle aspiration (rFNA) samples for assessment of cytopathology and cumulative methylation index (CMI)...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - July 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Stearns, V., Fackler, M. J., Hafeez, S., Bujanda, Z. L., Chatterton, R. T., Jacobs, L. K., Khouri, N. F., Ivancic, D., Kenney, K., Shehata, C., Jeter, S. C., Wolfman, J. A., Zalles, C. M., Huang, P., Khan, S. A., Sukumar, S. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Vitamin D, Vitamin D Binding Protein, and Colorectal Cancer
In conclusion, prediagnosis levels of total, but not free or bioavailable 25(OH)D, were associated with lower colorectal cancer risk. Although our findings support an inverse association of vitamin D with colorectal cancer, this association does not appear to be due to the unbound or bioavailable fraction of circulating vitamin D. Cancer Prev Res; 9(8); 664–72. ©2016 AACR. (Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - July 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Song, M., Konijeti, G. G., Yuan, C., Ananthakrishnan, A. N., Ogino, S., Fuchs, C. S., Giovannucci, E. L., Ng, K., Chan, A. T. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
STAT3 as Chemopreventive Target in HNSCC
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a frequently fatal disease due, in large part, to a high rate of second primary tumor (SPT) formation. The 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) mouse model of oral carcinogenesis provides a robust system in which to study chemopreventive agents in the context of chemically induced HNSCC tumors. STAT3 is a potent oncogene that is hyperactivated by tyrosine phosphorylation early in HNSCC carcinogenesis and is a rational therapeutic target. We recently reported that loss-of-function of the STAT3 phosphatase PTPRT promotes STAT3 activation in HNSCC tumors and preclinical models and ...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - July 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Peyser, N. D., Wang, L., Zeng, Y., Acquafondata, M., Freilino, M., Li, H., Sen, M., Gooding, W. E., Satake, M., Wang, Z., Johnson, D. E., Grandis, J. R. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
