Deciphering the Effect of Metformin on Prostate Cancer Risk by Ethnicity
(Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 3, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Uchio, E., Meyskens, F. L., Wang, P. H. Tags: Commentaries Source Type: research
Overestimating the Role of Environment
In a recent article, Wu and colleagues (Nature 2016;529:43–47) review previous studies and present new estimates for the contribution of extrinsic factors to cancer development. The new estimates are generally close to 100%, even for bone and brain cancers that have no known associations with lifestyle and are typically not considered to be preventable. We find that the results of Wu and colleagues are incompatible with previous estimates derived from epidemiological and genetic data. We further argue that their methods are fundamentally flawed because they overlook important effects of tissue type on cancer risk. We...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 3, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Noble, R., Kaltz, O., Nunney, L., Hochberg, M. E. Tags: Commentaries Source Type: research
Comparison between Urine and Cervical Samples for HPV DNA Detection and Typing in Young Women in Colombia
Urine sampling for HPV DNA detection has been proposed as an effective method for monitoring the impact of HPV vaccination programs; however, conflicting results have been reported. The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of optimized urine HPV DNA testing in women aged 19 to 25 years. Optimization process included the use of first void urine, immediate mixing of urine with DNA preservative, and the concentration of all HPV DNA, including cell-free DNA fragments. Urine and cervical samples were collected from 535 young women attending cervical screening at health centers from two Colombian cities. HPV DNA de...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 31, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Combita, A. L., Gheit, T., Gonzalez, P., Puerto, D., Murillo, R. H., Montoya, L., Vorsters, A., Van Keer, S., Van Damme, P., Tommasino, M., Hernandez-Suarez, G., Sanchez, L., Herrero, R., Wiesner, C. Tags: Clinical Intervention, Clinical Intervention: Biomarkers Research Articles Source Type: research
A New Model to Study the Role of Arachidonic Acid in Colon Cancer Pathophysiology
A significant increase in cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) gene expression has been shown to promote cylcooxygenase-dependent colon cancer development. Controversy associated with the role of COX2 inhibitors indicates that additional work is needed to elucidate the effects of arachidonic acid (AA)-derived (cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase) eicosanoids in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. We have recently developed a novel Fads1 knockout mouse model that allows for the investigation of AA-dependent eicosanoid deficiency without the complication of essential fatty acid deficiency. Interestingly, the survival rate of Fads...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 31, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Fan, Y.-Y., Callaway, E., M. Monk, J., S. Goldsby, J., Yang, P., Vincent, L., S. Chapkin, R. Tags: Preclinical Intervention, Preclinical Intervention: In Vivo (Animals): Drugs, Nutritional Interventions, Mechanisms Research Articles Source Type: research
Transcriptome Analysis of WHV/c-myc Transgenic Mice Implicates Cytochrome P450 Enzyme 17A1 as a Promising Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is critical for successful treatment and favorable prognosis. To identify novel HCC biomarkers, we used the WHV/c-myc transgenic (Tg) mice, an animal model of hepatocarcinogenesis. By analyzing their gene expression profiling, we investigated differentially expressed genes in livers of wild-type and Tg mice. The cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP17A1), a hepatic P450 enzyme, was revealed to be overexpressed in the liver tissues of Tg mice at both preneoplastic and neoplastic stages. Mouse-to-human validation demonstrated that CYP17A1 mRNA and protei...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 31, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Wang, F., Huang, J., Zhu, Z., Ma, X., Cao, L., Zhang, Y., Chen, W., Dong, Y. Tags: Early Detection, Early Detection: Biomarkers: Discovery, Methodology, Validation Research Articles Source Type: research
Height and Body Size in Childhood, Adolescence, and Young Adulthood and Breast Cancer Risk According to Molecular Subtype in the Nurses' Health Studies
Height and body size in childhood and young adulthood have been consistently associated with breast cancer risk; whether associations differ across molecular subtypes is unclear. In a pooled analysis of the Nurses' Health Studies, we prospectively examined the association of four exposures: height, body mass index (BMI) at the age of 18 years, childhood and adolescent somatotypes, with breast cancer risk according to molecular subtypes defined by immunohistochemical markers. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We identified 2,983 luminal A, 1...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 31, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Warner, E. T., Hu, R., Collins, L. C., Beck, A. H., Schnitt, S., Rosner, B., Eliassen, A. H., Michels, K. B., Willett, W. C., Tamimi, R. M. Tags: Risk Assessment, Risk Assessment: Risk Modeling and Prediction Research Articles Source Type: research
Celecoxib Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolome in Association with Reducing Polyp Burden
Treatment with celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, reduces formation of premalignant adenomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and mice. In addition to its chemopreventive activity, celecoxib can exhibit antimicrobial activity. Differing bacterial profiles have been found in feces from colon cancer patients compared with those of normal subjects. Moreover, preclinical studies suggest that bacteria can modulate intestinal tumorigenesis by secreting specific metabolites. In the current study, we determined whether celecoxib treatment altered the luminal microbiota and metabolome in association with redu...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 31, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Montrose, D. C., Zhou, X. K., McNally, E. M., Sue, E., Yantiss, R. K., Gross, S. S., Leve, N. D., Karoly, E. D., Suen, C. S., Ling, L., Benezra, R., Pamer, E. G., Dannenberg, A. J. Tags: Preclinical Intervention, Preclinical Intervention: In Vivo (Animals): Drugs, Nutritional Interventions, Mechanisms Research Articles Source Type: research
Rationale for Developing a Specimen Bank to Study the Pathogenesis of High-Grade Serous Carcinoma: A Review of the Evidence
Women with clinically detected high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC) generally present with advanced-stage disease, which portends a poor prognosis, despite extensive surgery and intensive chemotherapy. Historically, HGSCs were presumed to arise from the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE), but the inability to identify early-stage HGSCs and their putative precursors in the ovary dimmed prospects for advancing our knowledge of the pathogenesis of these tumors and translating these findings into effective prevention strategies. Over the last decade, increased BRCA1/2 mutation testing coupled with performance of risk-reducing sur...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 31, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sherman, M. E., Drapkin, R. I., Horowitz, N. S., Crum, C. P., Friedman, S., Kwon, J. S., Levine, D. A., Shih, I.-M., Shoupe, D., Swisher, E. M., Walker, J., Trabert, B., Greene, M. H., Samimi, G., Temkin, S. M., Minasian, L. M. Tags: Oncogenesis, Oncogenesis: Intraepithelial Neoplasia/Premalignancy, Epidemiology and Prevention, Epidemiology and Prevention: Chemoprevention Review Source Type: research
HPV Detection in Urine Samples
Urine sampling for HPV DNA detection has been proposed as an effective method for monitoring the impact of HPV vaccination programs; however, conflicting results have been reported. The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of optimized urine HPV DNA testing in women aged 19 to 25 years. Optimization process included the use of first void urine, immediate mixing of urine with DNA preservative, and the concentration of all HPV DNA, including cell-free DNA fragments. Urine and cervical samples were collected from 535 young women attending cervical screening at health centers from two Colombian cities. HPV DNA de...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 31, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Combita, A. L., Gheit, T., Gonzalez, P., Puerto, D., Murillo, R. H., Montoya, L., Vorsters, A., Van Keer, S., Van Damme, P., Tommasino, M., Hernandez-Suarez, G., Sanchez, L., Herrero, R., Wiesner, C. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Osteopontin and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk
In this study, we investigated the association between prediagnostic circulating OPN levels and HCC incidence in a large population-based cohort. A nested case–control study was conducted within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. During a mean follow-up of 4.8 years, 100 HCC cases were identified. Each case was matched to two controls and OPN levels were measured in baseline plasma samples. Viral hepatitis, liver function, and α-fetoprotein (AFP) tests were also conducted. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate multivariable odds ratio (OR) and...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 31, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Duarte-Salles, T., Misra, S., Stepien, M., Plymoth, A., Muller, D., Overvad, K., Olsen, A., Tjonneland, A., Baglietto, L., Severi, G., Boutron-Ruault, M.-C., Turzanski-Fortner, R., Kaaks, R., Boeing, H., Aleksandrova, K., Trichopoulou, A., Lagiou, P., Bam Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Rescue of Fads1 Knockout Mouse
A significant increase in cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) gene expression has been shown to promote cylcooxygenase-dependent colon cancer development. Controversy associated with the role of COX2 inhibitors indicates that additional work is needed to elucidate the effects of arachidonic acid (AA)-derived (cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase) eicosanoids in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. We have recently developed a novel Fads1 knockout mouse model that allows for the investigation of AA-dependent eicosanoid deficiency without the complication of essential fatty acid deficiency. Interestingly, the survival rate of Fads...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 31, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Fan, Y.-Y., Callaway, E., M. Monk, J., S. Goldsby, J., Yang, P., Vincent, L., S. Chapkin, R. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Identification of CYP17A1 as a Biomarker for HCC Detection
Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is critical for successful treatment and favorable prognosis. To identify novel HCC biomarkers, we used the WHV/c-myc transgenic (Tg) mice, an animal model of hepatocarcinogenesis. By analyzing their gene expression profiling, we investigated differentially expressed genes in livers of wild-type and Tg mice. The cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP17A1), a hepatic P450 enzyme, was revealed to be overexpressed in the liver tissues of Tg mice at both preneoplastic and neoplastic stages. Mouse-to-human validation demonstrated that CYP17A1 mRNA and protei...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 31, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Wang, F., Huang, J., Zhu, Z., Ma, X., Cao, L., Zhang, Y., Chen, W., Dong, Y. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Height, Early Life Body Size and Breast Cancer Subtypes
Height and body size in childhood and young adulthood have been consistently associated with breast cancer risk; whether associations differ across molecular subtypes is unclear. In a pooled analysis of the Nurses' Health Studies, we prospectively examined the association of four exposures: height, body mass index (BMI) at the age of 18 years, childhood and adolescent somatotypes, with breast cancer risk according to molecular subtypes defined by immunohistochemical markers. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We identified 2,983 luminal A, 1...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 31, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Warner, E. T., Hu, R., Collins, L. C., Beck, A. H., Schnitt, S., Rosner, B., Eliassen, A. H., Michels, K. B., Willett, W. C., Tamimi, R. M. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Celecoxib Modulates the GI Microbiota and Metabolome
Treatment with celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, reduces formation of premalignant adenomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and mice. In addition to its chemopreventive activity, celecoxib can exhibit antimicrobial activity. Differing bacterial profiles have been found in feces from colon cancer patients compared with those of normal subjects. Moreover, preclinical studies suggest that bacteria can modulate intestinal tumorigenesis by secreting specific metabolites. In the current study, we determined whether celecoxib treatment altered the luminal microbiota and metabolome in association with redu...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 31, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Montrose, D. C., Zhou, X. K., McNally, E. M., Sue, E., Yantiss, R. K., Gross, S. S., Leve, N. D., Karoly, E. D., Suen, C. S., Ling, L., Benezra, R., Pamer, E. G., Dannenberg, A. J. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Advancing Research on High-Grade Serous Carcinoma
Women with clinically detected high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC) generally present with advanced-stage disease, which portends a poor prognosis, despite extensive surgery and intensive chemotherapy. Historically, HGSCs were presumed to arise from the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE), but the inability to identify early-stage HGSCs and their putative precursors in the ovary dimmed prospects for advancing our knowledge of the pathogenesis of these tumors and translating these findings into effective prevention strategies. Over the last decade, increased BRCA1/2 mutation testing coupled with performance of risk-reducing sur...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 31, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sherman, M. E., Drapkin, R. I., Horowitz, N. S., Crum, C. P., Friedman, S., Kwon, J. S., Levine, D. A., Shih, I.-M., Shoupe, D., Swisher, E. M., Walker, J., Trabert, B., Greene, M. H., Samimi, G., Temkin, S. M., Minasian, L. M. Tags: Review Source Type: research
