DFMO and Diclofenac in the Treatment of Sun-Damaged Skin
Prevention of nonmelanoma skin cancers remains a health priority due to high costs associated with this disease. Diclofenac and difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) have demonstrated chemopreventive efficacy for cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. We designed a randomized study of the combination of DFMO and diclofenac in the treatment of sun-damaged skin. Individuals with visible cutaneous sun damage were eligible. Subjects were randomized to one of the three groups: topical DFMO applied twice daily, topical diclofenac applied daily, or DFMO plus diclofenac. The treatment was limited to an area on the left forearm, and the dura...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - February 1, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jeter, J. M., Curiel-Lewandrowski, C., Stratton, S. P., Myrdal, P. B., Warneke, J. A., Einspahr, J. G., Bartels, H. G., Yozwiak, M., Bermudez, Y., Hu, C., Bartels, P., Alberts, D. S. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Interpretation of Unanticipated Clinical Trial Results
(Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - February 1, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Tsai, K. Y., Hawk, E. T. Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
The Case for a Pre-Cancer Genome Atlas (PCGA)
Understanding the earliest molecular and cellular events associated with cancer initiation remains a key bottleneck to transforming our approach to cancer prevention and detection. While TCGA has provided unprecedented insights into the genomic events associated with advanced stage cancer, there have been few studies comprehensively profiling premalignant and early-stage disease or elucidating the role of the microenvironment in premalignancy and tumor initiation. In this article, we make a call for development of a "Pre-Cancer Genome Atlas (PCGA)," a concerted initiative to characterize the molecular alterations in premal...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - February 1, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Campbell, J. D., Mazzilli, S. A., Reid, M. E., Dhillon, S. S., Platero, S., Beane, J., Spira, A. E. Tags: Perspective Source Type: research
Correction
(Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - January 6, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Correction Source Type: research
Acrolein Levels in e-Cigarettes--Letter
(Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - January 6, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
Rexinoids and Chemoprevention of Lung Carcinogenesis
LG101506 was originally synthesized to overcome some of the undesirable side effects of rexinoids. We compared the anticarcinogenic action of LG101506 and LG100268 and for the first time showed that both drugs are useful for prevention of lung cancer in A/J mice. These molecules markedly reduced tumor number, tumor size, and total tumor burden, when chronically administered to A/J mice that had been initiated with the mutagenic carcinogen, vinyl carbamate. Moreover, LG100268 synergized with the histone deacetylase inhibitor, vorinostat, for prevention of experimental lung cancer and enhanced the effect of carboplatin/pacli...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - January 6, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Cao, M., Royce, D. B., Risingsong, R., Williams, C. R., Sporn, M. B., Liby, K. T. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Persistence of Bronchial Dysplasia and Lung Cancer Risk
Bronchial dysplasia (BD), a presumed precursor of pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), rarely progresses to invasive cancer. A high-risk cohort at the University of Colorado provided an opportunity to directly sample airway epithelium at mapped sites on successive bronchoscopies. We have hypothesized that persistent dysplastic lesions showing a similar or higher level of dysplasia on follow-up biopsy, are associated with increased risk for the development of SCC. Endoscopic biopsies from 188 high-risk subjects were histologically classified according to the current WHO classification for BD using a numeric histology sc...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - January 6, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Merrick, D. T., Gao, D., Miller, Y. E., Keith, R. L., Baron, A. E., Feser, W., Kennedy, T. C., Blatchford, P. J., Braudrick, S., Hirsch, F. R., Heasley, L., Bunn, P. A., Franklin, W. A. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Levels of Silybin in Breast Cancer Patients
Silybin-phosphatidylcholine is an orally bioavailable complex of silybin, a polyphenolic flavonolignan derived from milk thistle, endowed with potential anticancer activity in preclinical models. The purpose of this window of opportunity trial was to determine, for the first time in early breast cancer patients, the breast tissue distribution of silybin. Twelve breast cancer patients received silybin-phosphatidylcholine, 2.8 g daily for 4 weeks prior to surgery. Silybin levels were measured before (SIL) and after (TOT-SIL) enzymatic hydrolysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-MS/MS in biologic samples (plas...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - January 6, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Lazzeroni, M., Guerrieri-Gonzaga, A., Gandini, S., Johansson, H., Serrano, D., Cazzaniga, M., Aristarco, V., Puccio, A., Mora, S., Caldarella, P., Pagani, G., Pruneri, G., Riva, A., Petrangolini, G., Morazzoni, P., DeCensi, A., Bonanni, B. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Sedentary Behavior and Lower BRCA1 Expression
The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate whether physical activity or sedentary behavior affects BRCA1 mRNA expression. Activity levels were assessed in 50 female participants (14 BRCA1 mutation carriers and 36 noncarriers) using the GT3X Actigraph accelerometer, and BRCA1 mRNA expression was quantified from peripheral blood lymphocytes using the Nanostring nCounter Analysis System. There was a significant negative correlation between the longest sedentary bout and BRCA1 mRNA expression ( = –0.32; P = 0.02). Women below the median for the longest sedentary bout had significantly higher BRCA1 mRNA le...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - January 6, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Pettapiece-Phillips, R., Kotlyar, M., Chehade, R., Salmena, L., Narod, S. A., Akbari, M., Jurisica, I., Kotsopoulos, J. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Cancer Preventive Effect of a Piperine-Free Piper Nigrum Extract
In conclusion, PFPE had a low toxicity and a potent antitumor effect on mammary tumorigenesis in rats. Cancer Prev Res; 9(1); 74–82. ©2015 AACR. (Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - January 6, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sriwiriyajan, S., Tedasen, A., Lailerd, N., Boonyaphiphat, P., Nitiruangjarat, A., Deng, Y., Graidist, P. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
FLLL12-Induced Apoptosis
Despite its high promise for cancer prevention and therapy, the potential utility of curcumin in cancer is compromised by its low bioavailability and weak potency. The purpose of the current study was to assess the in vitro and in vivo efficacy and pharmacokinetic parameters of the potent curcumin analogue FLLL12 in SCCHN and identify the mechanisms of its antitumor effect. IC50 values against a panel of one premalignant and eight malignant head and neck cancer cell lines as well as apoptosis assay results suggested that FLLL12 is 10- to 24-fold more potent than natural curcumin depending on the cell line and induces mitoc...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - January 6, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Anisuzzaman, A. S. M., Haque, A., Rahman, M. A., Wang, D., Fuchs, J. R., Hurwitz, S., Liu, Y., Sica, G., Khuri, F. R., Chen, Z., Shin, D. M., Amin, A. R. M. R. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Rapamycin and CP-31398 Inhibit Urothelial Cancer
Urothelial tumors, accompanied by mutations of the tumor suppressor protein TP53 and dysregulation of mTOR signaling, are frequently associated with aggressive growth and invasiveness. We investigated whether targeting these two pathways would inhibit urothelial tumor growth and progression. Six-week-old transgenic UPII-SV40T male mice (n = 15/group) were fed control diet (AIN-76A) or experimental diets containing mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin, 8 or 16 ppm), p53 stabilizing agent [CP31398 (CP), 150 ppm], or a combination. Mice were euthanized at 40 weeks of age. Urinary bladders were collected and evaluated to determine tumor ...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - January 6, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Madka, V., Mohammed, A., Li, Q., Zhang, Y., Biddick, L., Patlolla, J. M. R., Lightfoot, S., Towner, R. A., Wu, X.-R., Steele, V. E., Kopelovich, L., Rao, C. V. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Cancer-Specific Production of N-acetylaspartate in NSCLC
In order to identify new cancer-associated metabolites that may be useful for early detection of lung cancer, we performed a global metabolite profiling of a non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) line and immortalized normal lung epithelial cells from the same patient. Among several metabolites with significant cancer/normal differences, we identified a unique metabolic compound, N-acetylaspartate (NAA), in cancer cells—undetectable in normal lung epithelium. NAA's cancer-specific detection was validated in additional cancer and control lung cells as well as selected NSCLC patient tumors and control tissues. NAA's...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - January 6, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Lou, T.-F., Sethuraman, D., Dospoy, P., Srivastva, P., Kim, H. S., Kim, J., Ma, X., Chen, P.-H., Huffman, K. E., Frink, R. E., Larsen, J. E., Lewis, C., Um, S.-W., Kim, D.-H., Ahn, J.-M., DeBerardinis, R. J., White, M. A., Minna, J. D., Yoo, H. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Next-Gen Selenium Strengthens a Cancer Barrier
Monomethylated selenium (MM-Se) forms that are precursors of methylselenol, such as methylseleninic acid (MSeA), differ in metabolism and anticancer activities in preclinical cell and animal models from seleno-methionine that had failed to exert preventive efficacy against prostate cancer in North American men. Given that human prostate cancer arises from precancerous lesions such as high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-PIN), which frequently have lost phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) tumor suppressor permitting phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI3K)–protein kinase B (AKT) oncogenic signaling, we ...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - January 6, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Wang, L., Guo, X., Wang, J., Jiang, C., Bosland, M. C., Lu, J., Deng, Y. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Inflammatory Markers and Advanced Colorectal Adenoma
In conclusion, plasma MIC-1 was associated with higher risk of colorectal adenoma, especially multiple, large, and proximal adenomas. Our results provide further support for a role for MIC-1 in carcinogenesis and the potential for MIC-1 as an adjunctive biomarker for detection of advanced colorectal adenoma. Cancer Prev Res; 9(1); 27–34. ©2015 AACR. (Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - January 6, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Song, M., Mehta, R. S., Wu, K., Fuchs, C. S., Ogino, S., Giovannucci, E. L., Chan, A. T. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
