Cohesion SA1 Loss in Early Colon Carcinogenesis
Alterations in high order chromatin, with concomitant modulation in gene expression, are one of the earliest events in the development of colorectal cancer. Cohesins are a family of proteins that modulate high-order chromatin, although the role in colorectal cancer remains incompletely understood. We, therefore, assessed the role of cohesin SA1 in colorectal cancer biology and as a biomarker focusing in particular on the increased incidence/mortality of colorectal cancer among African-Americans. Immunohistochemistry on tissue arrays revealed dramatically decreased SA1 expression in both adenomas (62%; P = 0.001) and adenoc...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Wali, R. K., Momi, N., Dela Cruz, M., Calderwood, A. H., Stypula-Cyrus, Y., Almassalha, L., Chhaparia, A., Weber, C. R., Radosevich, A., Tiwari, A. K., Latif, B., Backman, V., Roy, H. K. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Diet and Exercise and Serum Markers of Oxidative Stress
Oxidative stress, a potential mechanism linking obesity and cancer, results from an imbalance between activation/inactivation of reactive oxygen species, byproducts of cellular metabolism. In a randomized controlled trial, we investigated effects of diet and/or exercise on biomarkers of oxidative stress. A total of 439 overweight/obese [body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2] postmenopausal women, ages 50 of 75 years, were randomized to 12 months of (i) reduced-calorie weight loss diet ("diet"; n = 118); (ii) moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise ("exercise"; n = 117); (iii) combined diet and exercise intervention (...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Duggan, C., Tapsoba, J. d. D., Wang, C.-Y., Campbell, K. L., Foster-Schubert, K., Gross, M. D., McTiernan, A. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Prevention of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is rapidly increasing in incidence in many Western societies, requires demanding treatment, and is associated with a poor prognosis, therefore preventive measures are highly warranted. To assess the opportunities for prevention, we reviewed the available literature and identified seven main potentially preventive targets. Preventive effects were found on the basis of medium-level observational evidence following treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (using both medication and surgery) and tobacco smoking cessation, which should be clinically recommended among exposed patients. Nonster...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Maret-Ouda, J., El-Serag, H. B., Lagergren, J. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Sleep and Breathing {#x2026} and Cancer?
Sleep, like eating and breathing, is an essential part of the daily life cycle. Although the science is still emerging, sleep plays an important role in immune, cardiovascular, and neurocognitive function. Despite its great importance, nearly 40% of U.S. adults experience problems with sleep ranging from insufficient total sleep time, trouble initiating or maintaining sleep (Insomnia), circadian rhythm disorders, sleep-related movement disorders, and sleep-related breathing disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Herein, we discuss new evidence that suggests that sleep may also affect carcinogenesis. Specifically,...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Owens, R. L., Gold, K. A., Gozal, D., Peppard, P. E., Jun, J. C., Lippman, S. M., Malhotra, A., on behalf of the UCSD Sleep and Cancer Symposium Group Tags: Minireview Source Type: research
Dietary Methyl Donor Depletion Suppresses Intestinal Adenoma Development
The role of folate one-carbon metabolism in colorectal cancer development is controversial, with nutritional intervention studies producing conflicting results. It has been reported that ApcMin/+ mice maintained on a diet deficient in the methyl donors folic acid, methionine, choline, and vitamin B12, and supplemented with homocysteine, show a greater than 95% reduction in intestinal tumor development. The present study extends these findings and shows that tumor protection afforded by dietary methyl donor deficiency (MDD) is long-lasting. After 11 weeks of MDD, tumor protection persisted for at least an additional 7 weeks...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 3, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Hanley, M. P., Kadaveru, K., Perret, C., Giardina, C., Rosenberg, D. W. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
American Ginseng Attenuates Colitis-Associated Colon Carcinogenesis in Mice: Impact on Gut Microbiota and Metabolomics
In conclusion, oral ginseng significantly decreased AOM/DSS–induced colitis and colon carcinogenesis by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines and restoring the metabolomics and microbiota profiles accordingly. Selective endogenous small molecules could be used as biomarkers to elucidate the effects of ginseng treatment. Cancer Prev Res; 9(10); 803–11. ©2016 AACR. (Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 3, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Wang, C.-Z., Yu, C., Wen, X.-D., Chen, L., Zhang, C.-F., Calway, T., Qiu, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, Z., Anderson, S., Wang, Y., Jia, W., Yuan, C.-S. Tags: Preclinical Intervention Research Articles Source Type: research
AKT1 Activation is Obligatory for Spontaneous BCC Tumor Growth in a Murine Model that Mimics Some Features of Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome
Patients with basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS), also known as Gorlin syndrome, develop numerous basal cell carcinomas (BCC) due to germline mutations in the tumor suppressor PTCH1 and aberrant activation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Therapies targeted at components of the Hh pathway, including the smoothened (SMO) inhibitor vismodegib, can ablate these tumors clinically, but tumors recur upon drug discontinuation. Using SKH1-Ptch1+/– as a model that closely mimics the spontaneous and accelerated growth pattern of BCCs in patients with BCNS, we show that AKT1, a serine/threonine protein kinase, is intrinsically activat...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 3, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Kim, A. L., Back, J. H., Zhu, Y., Tang, X., Yardley, N. P., Kim, K. J., Athar, M., Bickers, D. R. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Harnessing the Power of Cruciferous Vegetables: Developing a Biomarker for Brassica Vegetable Consumption Using Urinary 3,3'-Diindolylmethane
Glucobrassicin in Brassica vegetables gives rise to indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a compound with potent anticancer effects in preclinical models. We previously showed that the urinary metabolite 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) could discriminate between volunteers fed high and low doses of Brassica vegetables. However, the quantitative relationship between glucobrassicin exposure and urinary DIM level is unclear. We conducted a clinical trial to examine the hypotheses that a range of glucobrassicin exposure from Brassica vegetables is reflected in urinary DIM and that this effect plateaus. Forty-five subjects consumed vegetables, ...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 3, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Fujioka, N., Ransom, B. W., Carmella, S. G., Upadhyaya, P., Lindgren, B. R., Roper-Batker, A., Hatsukami, D. K., Fritz, V. A., Rohwer, C., Hecht, S. S. Tags: Risk Assessment Research Articles Source Type: research
Metformin for Reducing Racial/Ethnic Difference in Prostate Cancer Incidence for Men with Type II Diabetes
This study assessed the race/ethnic disparity in prostate cancer incidence for men with type II diabetes (T2D) and whether the impact of metformin on prostate cancer incidence varied by race/ethnicity. We conducted a retrospective study in 76,733 male veterans with T2D during 2003 to 2012. Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for covariates and propensity scores of metformin use and race/ethnic group membership was utilized to compute the HR of prostate cancer incidence associated with race/ethnicity and compare HR associated with metformin use between race/ethnic groups. Mean follow-up was 6.4 ± 2.8 years; 7% w...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 3, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Wang, C.-P., Lehman, D. M., Lam, Y.-W. F., Kuhn, J. G., Mahalingam, D., Weitman, S., Lorenzo, C., Downs, J. R., Stuart, E. A., Hernandez, J., Thompson, I. M., Ramirez, A. G. Tags: Risk Assessment Research Articles Source Type: research
Overestimating the Role of Environment in Cancers
In a recent article, Wu and colleagues (Nature 2016;529:43–47) review previous studies and present new estimates for the contribution of extrinsic factors to cancer development. The new estimates are generally close to 100%, even for bone and brain cancers that have no known associations with lifestyle and are typically not considered to be preventable. We find that the results of Wu and colleagues are incompatible with previous estimates derived from epidemiological and genetic data. We further argue that their methods are fundamentally flawed because they overlook important effects of tissue type on cancer risk. We...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 3, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Noble, R., Kaltz, O., Nunney, L., Hochberg, M. E. Tags: Commentaries Source Type: research
Dietary Methyl Donor Depletion Suppresses Intestinal Adenoma
The role of folate one-carbon metabolism in colorectal cancer development is controversial, with nutritional intervention studies producing conflicting results. It has been reported that ApcMin/+ mice maintained on a diet deficient in the methyl donors folic acid, methionine, choline, and vitamin B12, and supplemented with homocysteine, show a greater than 95% reduction in intestinal tumor development. The present study extends these findings and shows that tumor protection afforded by dietary methyl donor deficiency (MDD) is long-lasting. After 11 weeks of MDD, tumor protection persisted for at least an additional 7 weeks...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 3, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Hanley, M. P., Kadaveru, K., Perret, C., Giardina, C., Rosenberg, D. W. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
American Ginseng on Colitis-Associated Carcinogenesis
In conclusion, oral ginseng significantly decreased AOM/DSS–induced colitis and colon carcinogenesis by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines and restoring the metabolomics and microbiota profiles accordingly. Selective endogenous small molecules could be used as biomarkers to elucidate the effects of ginseng treatment. Cancer Prev Res; 9(10); 803–11. ©2016 AACR. (Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 3, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Wang, C.-Z., Yu, C., Wen, X.-D., Chen, L., Zhang, C.-F., Calway, T., Qiu, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, Z., Anderson, S., Wang, Y., Jia, W., Yuan, C.-S. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Akt1 Activation is Obligatory for Spontaneous BCC Growth
Patients with basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS), also known as Gorlin syndrome, develop numerous basal cell carcinomas (BCC) due to germline mutations in the tumor suppressor PTCH1 and aberrant activation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Therapies targeted at components of the Hh pathway, including the smoothened (SMO) inhibitor vismodegib, can ablate these tumors clinically, but tumors recur upon drug discontinuation. Using SKH1-Ptch1+/– as a model that closely mimics the spontaneous and accelerated growth pattern of BCCs in patients with BCNS, we show that AKT1, a serine/threonine protein kinase, is intrinsically activat...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 3, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Kim, A. L., Back, J. H., Zhu, Y., Tang, X., Yardley, N. P., Kim, K. J., Athar, M., Bickers, D. R. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Urinary DIM as a Biomarker of Brassica Vegetable Consumption
Glucobrassicin in Brassica vegetables gives rise to indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a compound with potent anticancer effects in preclinical models. We previously showed that the urinary metabolite 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) could discriminate between volunteers fed high and low doses of Brassica vegetables. However, the quantitative relationship between glucobrassicin exposure and urinary DIM level is unclear. We conducted a clinical trial to examine the hypotheses that a range of glucobrassicin exposure from Brassica vegetables is reflected in urinary DIM and that this effect plateaus. Forty-five subjects consumed vegetables, ...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 3, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Fujioka, N., Ransom, B. W., Carmella, S. G., Upadhyaya, P., Lindgren, B. R., Roper-Batker, A., Hatsukami, D. K., Fritz, V. A., Rohwer, C., Hecht, S. S. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Metformin for Reducing Prostate Cancer Disparity
This study assessed the race/ethnic disparity in prostate cancer incidence for men with type II diabetes (T2D) and whether the impact of metformin on prostate cancer incidence varied by race/ethnicity. We conducted a retrospective study in 76,733 male veterans with T2D during 2003 to 2012. Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for covariates and propensity scores of metformin use and race/ethnic group membership was utilized to compute the HR of prostate cancer incidence associated with race/ethnicity and compare HR associated with metformin use between race/ethnic groups. Mean follow-up was 6.4 ± 2.8 years; 7% w...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 3, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Wang, C.-P., Lehman, D. M., Lam, Y.-W. F., Kuhn, J. G., Mahalingam, D., Weitman, S., Lorenzo, C., Downs, J. R., Stuart, E. A., Hernandez, J., Thompson, I. M., Ramirez, A. G. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
