Honokiol Decreases Lung Cancer Metastasis through Inhibition of the STAT3 Signaling Pathway
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Metastasis to lymph nodes and distal organs, especially brain, leads to severe complications and death. Preventing lung cancer development and metastases is an important strategy to reduce lung cancer mortality. Honokiol (HNK), a natural compound present in the extracts of magnolia bark, has a favorable bioavailability profile and recently has been shown to readily cross the blood–brain barrier. In the current study, we evaluated the antimetastatic effects of HNK in both the lymph node and brain mouse models of lung tumor metastasis. We tested the...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - February 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Pan, J., Lee, Y., Zhang, Q., Xiong, D., Wan, T. C., Wang, Y., You, M. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Safety and Preclinical Efficacy of Aerosol Pioglitazone on Lung Adenoma Prevention in A/J Mice
We examined the animals for any physical toxicity and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids for inflammatory and cytotoxicity markers. Doses up to and including 450 μg/kg bw/d failed to demonstrate toxicity with aerosol pioglitazone. For chemoprevention experiments, A/J mice were randomized to treatment groups of inhaled doses of 0, 50, 150, or 450 μg/kg bw/d pioglitazone 1 or 8 weeks after the last dose of B[a]P. For the early treatment group, we found up to 32% decrease in lung adenoma formation with 450 μg/kg bw/d pioglitazone. We repeated the treatments in a second late-stage experiment and found up to 44% decreases i...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - February 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Seabloom, D. E., Galbraith, A. R., Haynes, A. M., Antonides, J. D., Wuertz, B. R., Miller, W. A., Miller, K. A., Steele, V. E., Suen, C. S., O'Sullivan, M. G., Ondrey, F. G. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Fixed-Dose Combinations of Pioglitazone and Metformin for Lung Cancer Prevention
Combination treatment with pioglitazone and metformin is utilized clinically in the treatment of type II diabetes. Treatment with this drug combination reduced the development of aerodigestive cancers in this patient population. Our goal is to expand this treatment into clinical lung cancer chemoprevention. We hypothesized that dietary delivery of metformin/pioglitazone would prevent lung adenoma formation in A/J mice in a benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)-induced carcinogenesis model while modulating chemoprevention and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in residual adenomas. We found that metformin (500 and 850 mg/kg/d) and pioglitazone ...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - February 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Seabloom, D. E., Galbraith, A. R., Haynes, A. M., Antonides, J. D., Wuertz, B. R., Miller, W. A., Miller, K. A., Steele, V. E., Miller, M. S., Clapper, M. L., O'Sullivan, M. G., Ondrey, F. G. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Clinical Challenges Associated with Universal Screening for Lynch Syndrome-Associated Endometrial Cancer
Universal testing for Lynch syndrome is now a routine component of the diagnostic work-up of endometrial cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to identify prospectively the barriers to universal screening based on a tissue testing approach [microsatellite instability (MSI) analysis, IHC for DNA mismatch repair proteins, and MLH1 methylation analysis]. Endometrial carcinoma patients (n = 213) prospectively underwent microsatellite instability and IHC testing for expression of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins. Patients with low (MSI-L) or high (MSI-H) levels of tumor MSI or immunohistochemical loss of MLH1 (and ab...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - February 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Bruegl, A. S., Ring, K. L., Daniels, M., Fellman, B. M., Urbauer, D. L., Broaddus, R. R. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Identifying and Creating the Next Generation of Community-Based Cancer Prevention Studies: Summary of a National Cancer Institute Think Tank
In late 2015, the NCI Division of Cancer Prevention convened cancer prevention research experts and stakeholders to discuss the current state of cancer prevention research, identify key prevention research priorities for the NCI, and identify studies that could be conducted within the NCI Community Oncology Research Program. Goals included identifying cancer prevention research opportunities offering the highest return on investment, exploring the concept of precision prevention and what is needed to advance this area of research, and identifying possible targets for prevention. Four study populations were considered for c...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - February 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: McCaskill-Stevens, W., Pearson, D. C., Kramer, B. S., Ford, L. G., Lippman, S. M. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Correction: Sleep and Breathing ... and Cancer?
(Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - January 4, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Correction Source Type: research
Expression of miR-18a and miR-210 in Normal Breast Tissue as Candidate Biomarkers of Breast Cancer Risk
We examined miRNA profiles in contralateral unaffected breasts (CUB) of patients with breast cancer and validated resulting candidates in two additional sample sets. Expression profiles of 754 mature miRNAs were examined using TaqMan Low Density Arrays in 30 breast cancer samples [15 estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and 15 ER-negative] and paired CUBs and 15 reduction mammoplasty controls. Pairwise comparisons identified miRNAs with significantly differential expression. Seven candidate miRNAs were examined using qRT-PCR in a second CUB sample set (40 cases, 20 ER+, 20 ER–) and 20 reduction mammoplasty controls. Furth...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - January 4, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Shidfar, A., Costa, F. F., Scholtens, D., Bischof, J. M., Sullivan, M. E., Ivancic, D. Z., Vanin, E. F., Soares, M. B., Wang, J., Khan, S. A. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Benefits of Multifaceted Chemopreventives in the Suppression of the Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) Tumorigenic Phenotype
Over one third of patients who have undergone oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) surgical resections develop life-threatening and often untreatable recurrences. A variety of drugs, intended for management of recurrent or disseminated cancers, were designed to exploit cancer cells' reliance upon overexpressed receptors and gratuitous signaling. Despite their conceptual promise, clinical trials showed these agents lacked efficacy and were often toxic. These findings are consistent with evasion of pathway-targeted treatments via extensive signaling redundancies and compensatory mechanisms common to cancers. Optimal secondary...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - January 4, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Mallery, S. R., Wang, D., Santiago, B., Pei, P., Schwendeman, S. P., Nieto, K., Spinney, R., Tong, M., Koutras, G., Han, B., Holpuch, A., Lang, J. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Whole-Exome Sequencing Validates a Preclinical Mouse Model for the Prevention and Treatment of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC) are among the most common and highly mutated human malignancies. Solar UV radiation is the major factor in the etiology of cSCC. Whole-exome sequencing of 18 microdissected tumor samples (cases) derived from SKH-1 hairless mice that had been chronically exposed to solar-simulated UV (SSUV) radiation showed a median point mutation (SNP) rate of 155 per Mb. The majority (78.6%) of the SNPs are C.G>T.A transitions, a characteristic UVR-induced mutational signature. Direct comparison with human cSCC cases showed high overlap in terms of both frequency and type of SNP mutations. Muta...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - January 4, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Knatko, E. V., Praslicka, B., Higgins, M., Evans, A., Purdie, K. J., Harwood, C. A., Proby, C. M., Ooi, A., Dinkova-Kostova, A. T. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Goblet Cell Ratio in Combination with Differentiation and Stem Cell Markers in Barrett Esophagus Allow Distinction of Patients with and without Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
The increasing incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is mirrored by the increasing prevalence of Barrett esophagus, a precursor lesion resulting in a large number of individuals "at risk" for this lethal malignancy. Among patients with Barrett esophagus, only about 0.3% annually will develop EAC. Because large numbers of patients are followed in endoscopic surveillance, there is a need for risk prediction among a growing population of patients with Barrett esophagus. We identified four potential biomarkers from an inflammation (IL1β)-dependent mouse model of Barrett esophagus and tested them in 189 patients wit...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - January 4, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Schellnegger, R., Quante, A., Rospleszcz, S., Schernhammer, M., Höhl, B., Tobiasch, M., Pastula, A., Brandtner, A., Abrams, J. A., Strauch, K., Schmid, R. M., Vieth, M., Wang, T. C., Quante, M. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Colorectal Adenomas in Participants of the SELECT Randomized Trial of Selenium and Vitamin E for Prostate Cancer Prevention
Selenium and vitamin E micronutrients have been advocated for the prevention of colorectal cancer. Colorectal adenoma occurrence was used as a surrogate for colorectal cancer in an ancillary study to the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) for prostate cancer prevention. The primary objective was to measure the effect of selenium (as selenomethionine) on colorectal adenomas occurrence, with the effect of vitamin E (as α-tocopherol) supplementation on colorectal adenoma occurrence considered as a secondary objective. Participants who underwent lower endoscopy while in SELECT were identified from a ...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - January 4, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Lance, P., Alberts, D. S., Thompson, P. A., Fales, L., Wang, F., San Jose, J., Jacobs, E. T., Goodman, P. J., Darke, A. K., Yee, M., Minasian, L., Thompson, I. M., Roe, D. J. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
A Phase II Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Oral N-acetylcysteine for Protection of Melanocytic Nevi against UV-Induced Oxidative Stress In Vivo
Oxidative stress plays a role in UV-induced melanoma, which may arise from melanocytic nevi. We investigated whether oral administration of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could protect nevi from oxidative stress in vivo in the setting of acute UV exposure. The minimal erythemal dose (MED) was determined for 100 patients at increased risk for melanoma. Patients were randomized to receive a single dose (1,200 mg) of NAC or placebo, in double-blind fashion, and then one nevus was irradiated (1–2 MED) using a solar simulator. One day later, the MED was redetermined and the irradiated nevus and a control unirradia...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - January 4, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Cassidy, P. B., Liu, T., Florell, S. R., Honeggar, M., Leachman, S. A., Boucher, K. M., Grossman, D. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
A Way Forward for Cancer Chemoprevention: Think Local
This article will review the rationale for undertaking such an approach, describe successful clinical achievements based on this strategy, describe ongoing efforts to expand the impact of this approach, and together will highlight the high impact that this approach has already had on the field as well as its extremely high potential for future impact. Cancer Prev Res; 10(1); 14–35. ©2016 AACR. (Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - January 4, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Al Rabadi, L., Bergan, R. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Identifying High-Risk Women for Endometrial Cancer Prevention Strategies: Proposal of an Endometrial Cancer Risk Prediction Model
Already the fourth most common cancer in women in the developed world, the incidence of endometrial cancer is increasing rapidly, in line with the increasing prevalence of obesity. Relatively few studies have been undertaken of risk-reducing interventions aimed at limiting the impact of the disease on both individuals and the health service. Those that have been performed have demonstrated only modest results due to their application in relatively unselected populations. A validated risk prediction model is therefore urgently required to identify individuals at particularly high risk of endometrial cancer who may benefit f...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - January 4, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Kitson, S. J., Evans, D. G., Crosbie, E. J. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Acknowledgment to Reviewers
(Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - November 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Acknowledgment to Reviewers Source Type: research
