Early Molecular Events in Lung Cancer Pathogenesis
The majority of cancer-related deaths in the United States and worldwide are attributed to lung cancer. There are more than 90 million smokers in the United States who represent a significant population at elevated risk for lung malignancy. In other epithelial tumors, it has been shown that if neoplastic lesions can be detected and treated at their intraepithelial stage, patient prognosis is significantly improved. Thus, new strategies to detect and treat lung preinvasive lesions are urgently needed in order to decrease the overwhelming public health burden of lung cancer. Limiting these advances is a poor knowledge of the...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - June 29, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Kadara, H., Scheet, P., Wistuba, I. I., Spira, A. E. Tags: Review: Molecular Pathogenesis of Premalignancy Series Source Type: research
Next-Gen Surrogate Markers
The article by Banerjee and colleagues published in this issue of the journal involving a randomized control prevention trial of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in Barrett esophagus reported a null outcome despite being well designed and executed. Possible reasons for this null outcome are discussed focusing on use of surrogate endpoints in the trial. The trial is especially topical because it comes at a time when there are calls for a Pre-Cancer Genome Atlas (PCGA) for "understanding the earliest molecular and cellular events associated with cancer initiation..." This commentary discusses current concepts in prevention resear...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - June 29, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Reid, B. J. Tags: Commentary Source Type: research
DNA Hypomethylation in Intestinal Cancer
DNA hypomethylation can prevent intestinal tumorigenesis, presumably by reducing epigenetic silencing of tumor-suppressor genes. A study in this issue by Sheaffer and colleagues challenges this notion by showing that severe DNA hypomethylation by tissue-specific Dnmt1 knockout can actually promote intestinal adenoma formation. Cancer Prev Res; 9(7); 509–11. ©2016 AACR.
See related article by Sheaffer, et al., p. 534 (Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - June 29, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Lee, K.-H., Laird, P. W. Tags: Commentary Source Type: research
Transdiscplinary Science and Obesity
In our Cancer Prevention Program at Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), we have made extraordinary efforts to create the kind of cancer prevention and control program that is both translational and transdisciplinary in nature, to accelerate the march from basic discoveries to population change. Here we present an overview of our obesity-related research currently ongoing in our Center, paying particular attention to both the translational– transdisciplinary process and to community-based participatory research. We end with our future directions for improving obesity-related cancer outcomes research. Cancer ...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - June 29, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Colditz, G. A., Gehlert, S., Bowen, D. J., Carson, K., Hovmand, P. S., Lee, J. A., Moley, K. H. Tags: Commentary Source Type: research
Paricalcitol Potentiates the Efficacy of 5-FU Against CRC
Colorectal cancer is a common cancer with high mortality rate. Despite being the standard anti–colorectal cancer drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) exhibits only limited therapeutic benefits. Herein, we investigated whether paricalcitol, a synthetic vitamin D analogue with potential antitumor properties, would enhance the chemopreventive efficacy of 5-FU on an intermediate-term (15 weeks) model of colorectal tumors induced by azoxymethane (AOM) in rats. After AOM injection, 5-FU was administered during the 9th and 10th weeks (12 mg/kg/day for 4 days, then 6 mg/kg every other day for another 4 doses), whereas paricalcitol (2...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - May 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: El-Shemi, A. G., Refaat, B., Kensara, O. A., Mohamed, A. M., Idris, S., Ahmad, J. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Dynamic Changes of Cyclooxygenase-2 Methylation Levels
To explore the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the effects of anti-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) alone and combined with COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib), we dynamically evaluated the associations between COX-2 methylation alterations and gastric lesion evolution during the process of interventions. In a total of 809 trial participants COX-2 methylation levels were quantitatively detected before and after treatment. The self-comparison at the same stomach site for each subject showed significant methylation alteration differences among intervention groups (P < 0.001). With placebo group as reference, COX-2 methylation lev...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - May 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Zhang, Y., Zeng, H.-M., Nie, X.-R., Zhang, L., Ma, J.-L., Li, J.-Y., Pan, K.-F., You, W.-C. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Raman Spectroscopy Detects Gastric IM In Vivo
We report a unique simultaneous fingerprint (FP) and high-wavenumber (HW) Raman spectroscopy technique coupled with a beveled fiber-optic Raman probe for improving in vivo detection of gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM)–precancerous lesions in real-time during clinical gastroscopy. A total of 4,520 high-quality in vivo FP/HW gastric Raman spectra (normal = 4,178; IM = 342) were acquired from 157 gastric patients undergoing endoscopic examination. Multivariate diagnostic algorithms based on principal components analysis and linear discriminant analysis together with the leave-one tissue site-out, cross-validation on i...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - May 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Lin, K., Wang, J., Zheng, W., Ho, K. Y., Teh, M., Yeoh, K. G., Huang, Z. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Soy Feeding Prevents Ethanol-Mediated Tumorigenesis
In this study, diethylnitrosamine-treated male mice were assigned to three groups: (i) a 35% high fat ethanol liquid diet (EtOH) with casein as the protein source, (ii) the same EtOH liquid diet with soy protein isolate as the sole protein source (EtOH/SPI), (iii) and a chow group. EtOH feeding continued for 16 weeks. As expected, EtOH increased the incidence and multiplicity of basophilic lesions and adenomas compared with the chow group, P < 0.05. Soy protein replacement of casein in the EtOH diet significantly reduced adenoma progression when compared with the EtOH and EtOH/SPI group (P < 0.05). Tumor reduction in...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - May 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Mercer, K. E., Pulliam, C., Hennings, L., Lai, K., Cleves, M., Jones, E., Drake, R. R., Ronis, M. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Serrated Pathway Gene Panel
We describe a unique gene signature in SSA/Ps that identifies a subset of colon cancers likely to develop through the serrated pathway. These gene panels may be utilized for improved differentiation of SSA/Ps from HPs and provide insights into novel molecular pathways altered in colon cancer arising from the serrated pathway. Cancer Prev Res; 9(6); 456–65. ©2016 AACR. (Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - May 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Kanth, P., Bronner, M. P., Boucher, K. M., Burt, R. W., Neklason, D. W., Hagedorn, C. H., Delker, D. A. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Salivary Biomarkers for Oral Cancer
This study used a hospital-based design with 150 cases and 150 frequency-matched controls to determine whether CD44 and total protein levels in oral rinses were associated with oral cancer independent of age, gender, race, ethnicity, tobacco and alcohol use, and socioeconomic status (SES). High-risk subjects receiving oral cancer prevention interventions as part of a community-based program (n = 150) were followed over 1 year to determine marker specificity and variation. CD44 ≥5.33 ng/mL was highly associated with case status [adjusted OR 14.489; 95% confidence interval (CI), 5.973–35.145; P < .0001, vs. refer...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - May 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Pereira, L. H. M., Reis, I. M., Reategui, E. P., Gordon, C., Saint-Victor, S., Duncan, R., Gomez, C., Bayers, S., Fisher, P., Perez, A., Goodwin, W. J., Hu, J. J., Franzmann, E. J. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
VEGF Levels in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) may progress to muscle-invasive disease, but no effective preventive treatments are available. In addition, no reliable prognostic biomarkers have been identified. We assessed the long-term effect of the oral retinoid fenretinide and the prognostic value of circulating VEGF levels. We updated through the Tumor Registry the vital status of 99 patients with resected Ta/T1 bladder tumors who were recruited in a randomized trial of 2 years of fenretinide or no treatment in 1993–1994. Serum VEGF levels measured at baseline and 12 months were available in a subgroup of 62 pa...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - May 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Puntoni, M., Petrera, M., Campora, S., Garrone, E., Defferrari, C., Torrisi, R., Johansson, H., Bruno, S., Curotto, A., DeCensi, A. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Urinary PGE-M and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)–derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays a role in the development and progression of epithelial malignancies. Measurements of urinary PGE-M, a stable metabolite of PGE2, reflect systemic PGE2 levels. Here, we investigated whether urinary PGE-M levels were elevated in healthy tobacco users and in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Median urinary PGE-M levels were increased in healthy tobacco quid chewers [21.3 ng/mg creatinine (Cr); n = 33; P = 0.03] and smokers (32.1 ng/mg Cr; n = 31; P < 0.001) compared with never tobacco quid chewers-never smokers (18.8 ng/mg Cr; n = 30). U...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - May 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Kekatpure, V. D., BS, N., Wang, H., Zhou, X. K., Kandasamy, C., Sunny, S. P., Suresh, A., Milne, G. L., Kuriakose, M. A., Dannenberg, A. J. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Genomic Profiling of Colorectal Mucosa and Adenomas
The molecular basis of the adenoma-to-carcinoma transition has been deduced using comparative analysis of genetic alterations observed through the sequential steps of intestinal carcinogenesis. However, comprehensive genomic analyses of adenomas and at-risk mucosa are still lacking. Therefore, our aim was to characterize the genomic landscape of colonic at-risk mucosa and adenomas. We analyzed the mutation profile and copy number changes of 25 adenomas and adjacent mucosa from 12 familial adenomatous polyposis patients using whole-exome sequencing and validated allelic imbalances (AI) in 37 adenomas using SNP arrays. We as...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - May 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Borras, E., San Lucas, F. A., Chang, K., Zhou, R., Masand, G., Fowler, J., Mork, M. E., You, Y. N., Taggart, M. W., McAllister, F., Jones, D. A., Davies, G. E., Edelmann, W., Ehli, E. A., Lynch, P. M., Hawk, E. T., Capella, G., Scheet, P., Vilar, E. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Role of SFRP1 in NPC Metastasis--Response
(Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - April 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ma, J., Ren, X. Y., Liu, N. Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research
Role of SFRP1 in NPC Metastasis--Letter
(Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - April 30, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: ShahidSales, S., Hassanian, S. M., Mahdavian Zadeh, R., Ghayour-Mobarhan, M., Gholamin, S., Ferns, G. A., Avan, A. Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research
